Cu/Al2O3催化剂的改性及其对NO选择性还原的催化性能

 以 γ-Al2O3 为载体,采用SO2-4进行改性并添加助剂La,再负载上Cu2+, 制备了改性的Cu/Al2O3催化剂(Cu/La/SO2-4/Al2O3),考察了SO2-4改性和助剂La对催化剂在富氧条件下催化丙烯选择性还原NO 反应的影响,并借助红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、热重分析、程序升温还原和X射线光电子能谱等方法研究了改性催化剂的性能与结构的关系. 结果表明,改性催化剂的催化活性较高, NO转化率可高达83.7%. 采用SO2-4改性可促进催化剂表面的酸量增加,并促使产生B酸中心; 助剂La可提高Cu物种的分散程度,并提高催化剂的热稳定性和还原性,从而可有效提高催化剂在富氧条件下对丙烯选择性还原NO反应的催化活性和水热稳定性.     

铜基铈钴镧复合氧化物催化剂制备及其选择催化还原NO

采用改进的共沉淀法制备铈钴镧复合氧化物(Ce-Co-La-O)载体,等体积浸渍负载活性组分Cu,制得铜基铈钴镧复合氧化物(Cu/Ce-Co-La-O)催化剂。考察该催化剂在富氧条件下对C₃H₆选择性还原NO反应(C₃H₆-SCR)的催化性能,并且利用BET、XRD、H₂-TPR、Py-IR、TG和SEM等方法,研究催化剂结构与性能的关系。实验结果表明,Co能显著增加B(Brφnsted)酸的酸量并有效提高还原能力;La能进一步增加B酸的酸量并明显提高热稳定性;Ce-Co-La-O能够形成固溶体结构,发生良好的相互协同作用。因此,Cu/Ce-Co-La-O催化剂具有良好的低温催化活性和热稳定性,最佳催化活性温度为250 ℃,NO转化率高达81.6%,600 ℃时NO转化率仍可达52.5%。     

V2O5-CeO2/TiO2催化剂上低温氨选择性催化还原NO的性能

考察了V2O5-CeO2/TiO2催化剂中V、Ce活性组分的担载量和焙烧温度对催化剂低温催化还原NO活性的影响及其在单独SO2、H2O和两者共存气氛下的抗毒化性能。结果表明,焙烧温度400℃下制备的5V30Ce/TiO2催化剂具有良好的低温催化还原NO活性,空速为10000h-1,165℃时NO转化率达99.2%;500℃以下低焙烧温度时,添加的Ce不与V相互作用,在催化剂表面主要以CeO2形式存在,有利于增大催化剂比表面积,增强V2O5在催化剂上的分散度,提高催化活性。而在500℃以上较高焙烧温度下,Ce与V会形成CeVO4,对活性提高不利。催化剂具有良好的低温抗水中毒性能,但受SO2毒化作用明显,其在SO2、H2O共存气氛下中毒程度较单独SO2下浅。     

Cu含量对Cu/Al-Ce-PILC上丙烯选择性催化还原NO反应的影响

 采用聚合羟基复合阳离子合成交联粘土Al-Ce-PILC,经SO2-4改性后,以浸渍法制备了用于C3H6选择性还原NO反应的铜基交联粘土催化剂Cu/Al-Ce-PILC. 用XRD,XPS和TPR等技术对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了Cu含量对催化剂性能的影响. 结果表明,Cu负载未改变Al-Ce-PILC的结构; w(Cu)=2%时,Cu物种以Cu+和Cu2+两种形式存在,催化剂具有最高的催化活性和较宽的操作温度范围,在反应气组成为0.22%NO-0.12%C3H6-2.0%O2-97.66%He,空速为 24000 h-1和温度为350 ℃的条件下,NO转化率可达56.4%,700 ℃下仍可达22.3%; w(Cu)=5%时,催化剂中有明显的CuO物相存在,该物相促进C3H6的深度氧化,从而降低了NO选择性还原反应的性能.     

Cu/La/CeO2-Al2O3的制备及其对丙烯选择性还原NO的催化活性

将Al(NO3)3-Ce(NO3)3混合溶液滴入到NH4HCO3-NH3.H2O混合溶液中,采用共沉淀法制备了CeO2-Al2O3复合载体.采用等体积浸渍法分别浸渍助剂La和活性组分Cu,制备了Cu/La/CeO2-Al2O3催化剂.考察了催化剂在富氧条件下对丙烯选择性还原NO反应的催化活性,并借助扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、X射线衍射、比表面积测定、红外光谱、热重分析、X射线光电子能谱和程序升温还原等方法研究了催化剂活性与结构之间的关系.结果表明,CeO2-Al2O3复合载体能显著增大催化剂的比表面积和孔径,增加表面Lewis酸酸量,改善催化剂的还原性能;助剂La能进一步增大催化剂的比表面积和孔径,增加表面Br nsted酸酸量,显著提高催化剂的热稳定性;催化剂的粒径较小,对丙烯选择性还原NO反应具有较高的催化活性,最高催化活性时的温度较低.     

Au／Fe2O3／Al2O3催化剂上丙烯选择催化还原NO

以浸渍法制备的Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3为载体,采用均相沉积沉淀方法制备了Au/Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂.该催化剂在丙烯选择催化还原NO反应中显示出很好的低温催化活性,300℃时NO被选择还原为N2的转化率可达43%,而在Au/Al2O3催化剂上,NO的转化率仅为21%.水蒸气的加入对催化剂活性的影响较小.X射线衍射结果表明,Au和Fe2O3高度分散在Al2O3载体上.吸附氢气的程序升温还原结果表明,Au与Fe2O3之间存在着强相互作用,Au的存在促进了Fe2O3的还原,Au和Fe2O3之间的协同作用可能是Au/Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂在丙烯选择还原NO反应中具有较高低温催化活性的原因之一.     

Sn/Al2O3催化剂结构与选择性催化还原NO性能

以不同沉淀剂和铝盐与SnCl4共沉淀制备了Sn/Al2O3催化剂.考察了催化剂在富氧条件下催化丙烯选择性还原NO的性能,借助于X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、N2吸附-脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-IR)和程序升温还原(TPR)等方法研究了催化剂性能与结构的关系.发现以NH3.H2O和NH4HCO3为沉淀剂、NH4Al(SO4)2为铝盐制备的Sn/Al2O3催化剂催化活性最高,NO转化率达90.9%,最佳催化活性温度为350℃.该催化剂的比表面积为254 m2/g,孔体积为0.878 cm3/g,孔径分布曲线在3~8 nm出现双峰,Sn物种主要以晶态SnO2存在,且表面Lewis酸酸量增加.     

反应条件对Cu/Al-Ce-PILC上丙烯选择性催化还原NO反应的影响

 采用聚合羟基复合阳离子合成交联黏土Al-Ce-PILC, 经SO2-4改性后,以浸渍法制备了铜基交联黏土催化剂Cu/Al-Ce-PILC, 并将其应用于C3H6选择性还原NO的反应,考察了预处理气氛、 O2和C3H6浓度、空速、水蒸气和SO2等反应条件对催化剂性能的影响. 结果表明, He预处理后催化剂表面的Cu物种以Cu+和Cu2+两种形式存在,而H2预处理后仅以Cu+存在, NO转化率最大值由23%升至56%. 反应体系中适当的O2和C3H6浓度可促进NO还原为N2, 但过高的浓度反而可降低NO的还原活性, O2同时可起到抑制积炭、清洁催化剂表面的作用. NO转化率随着空速的增大而降低. 10%水蒸气的存在可抑制NO的还原和C3H6的氧化,其转化率曲线向高温方向位移. 但是,由于金属氧化物交联柱表面的疏水特性, Cu/Al-Ce-PILC较Cu/ZSM-5具有较强的耐湿热稳定性, NO和C3H6最大转化率仅分别下降13%和5%. SO2的存在明显抑制了催化剂的低温活性,但对高温活性有一定促进作用.     

富氧条件下Co/MOR 催化剂上甲烷选择催化还原NO

采用浸渍法制备了一系列用于甲烷选择催化还原(CH₄-SCR)氮氧化物的Co/MOR催化剂。采用XRD、BET、TG-MS、H₂-TPR、NH₃-TPD和NO-TPD等手段对催化剂进行表征,并对其在甲烷选择催化还原氮氧化物反应中的活性进行评价。结果表明,钴物种以Co₃O₄尖晶石形态存在于Co/MOR催化剂中;与MOR载体相比,引入钴物种后,催化剂的酸性、氧化还原能力和对NO的吸脱附能力均发生了变化。在甲烷选择催化还原氮氧化物反应中,Co/MOR的催化活性与其氧化还原性能和对NO的吸脱附性能直接相关;其中,Co负载量为10%的Co(10)/MOR催化剂的CH₄-SCR脱硝活性最好,在330℃下NO的转化率达54.2%。     

助剂对Pd/γ-Al2 O3催化剂上NO选择催化还原的影响

研究了含氧条件下钯催化剂上进行丙烯选择催化还原NO的反应,考察浸渍法制备的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂中加入碱(土)金属或稀土氧化物助剂对NO转化率的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD表征及在氧化气氛中饱和吸附NO后的TPD研究.结果表明,助剂CeO2、 Li2O能较大幅度提高催化剂的低温活性,使NO的最高转化率增加1～3.5倍.Pd/CeO2-Al2O3、 Pd/Li2O-Al2O3催化剂有较高的Pd分散度及较强的NO解离吸附能力.并讨论了NO、 N2O、 NO2-和NO3-等吸附态物种在催化剂表面的形成及脱附特性对催化剂选择催化还原NO性能的影响.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

结合实际发展电化学科学─—武汉大学电化学研究室工作简介

结合实际发展电化学科学─—武汉大学电化学研究室工作简介查全性,陆君涛（武汉大学化学系电化学研究室,武汉４３００７２）在物理化学的众多分支学科中,电化学长期保持良好的发展势头。除了电化学所研究的体系（溶液、电极／溶液界面等）具有广泛的基础意义外,促使电...