二维红外相关光谱研究二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂的热固化机理

以原位红外加热附件(in situ FTIR)跟踪二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂的交联固化过程,用二维红外相关光谱(2D-IR)研究其固化机理.In situ FTIR系列图谱显示苯并噁嗪发生热开环反应后,生成的中间体以两种形式存在,含有C N键的中间体不再继续链的增长,其中一部分在高温下发生裂解反应,生成含有亚胺正离子C N+的Schiff碱;含有碳正离子的中间体继续发生交联聚合反应,生成含有羟基、三取代芳香醚和Mannich桥结构的自聚产物.通过2D-IR的分析,进一步给出固化过程中关键基团的变化顺序,确定了二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂的自聚产物结构含有三取代芳香醚和Mannich桥结构.     

二维红外相关光谱在双氰胺固化环氧树脂体系中的应用

利用原位红外加热炉模拟双氰胺固化环氧树脂体系的固化反应过程,实时测试并记录反应过程中官能团结构的变化;将一维红外光谱和二维红外光谱相结合进行分析,给出固化过程中各官能团的变化顺序和趋势。 在双氰胺固化环氧树脂体系中,双氰胺首先分解成氰基胺,然后再和环氧树脂发生开环加成反应,生成亚胺结构,通过重排生成酰胺结构。 双氰胺分解为氰基胺的反应是可逆反应。 将原位红外、一维红外与二维红外三者结合是阐明热固性树脂固化反应机理的非常有效的手段。     

双马来酰亚胺树脂固化过程的红外光谱分析

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究双马来酰亚胺树脂固化过程中的结构变化,认为双马来酰亚胺树脂固化反应分两进行,第一步是低温下的“ENE”反应,第二步是高温下的Diels-Alder反应,树脂第一步固化反应达到一定程度后,要进一步提高固化反应程度,必须提高温度才能使第二步固化反应发生。     

苯基二氨三嗪-甲醛树脂高温固化过程的红外光谱研究

本文通过不同平均加成度的A阶苯基二是三嗉甲醛树脂的红外光谱分析,对其红外吸收峰的归属进行了讨论。应用高温红外光谱和差谱技术对两种树脂样品的交联行为进行跟踪观察,由的红外吸收变化和反应体系中甲醛的检测推论了树脂的热固化反应。     

氨催化酚醛树脂的若干特征

采用核磁共振、元素分析、差热分析以及红外光谱等方法,对在不同反应条件下制备氨催化的酚醛树脂的反应过程、所得树脂的结构特征以及树脂的固化过程进行了研究,并对所得结果进行了讨论。     

一种添加剂对双马树脂固化的影响

研究了一种新添加剂2-丁酮肟对一种混合烯丙基酚改性的双马树脂6421的固化特性和固化性能的影响.非等温DSC结果表明添加了2 wt%的2-丁酮肟后,体系的固化反应活化能从93.6 k J/mol下降为81.8k J/mol,固化放热峰值温度显著下降了约35 K,同温度固化后固化度显著提高.红外光谱分析表明添加剂可与双马来酰亚胺的双键发生反应,并且加速了双马来酰亚胺的双键和烯丙基酚的双键在固化过程中的反应,最终固化物具有类似结构.作为结果,少量2-丁酮肟的添加显著抑制了双马树脂的固化时结皮现象,固化物表面光滑,并可在160℃预固化后脱模进一步固化,具有潜在的低温固化高温使用前景,改性树脂在经原有固化工艺条件固化后,玻璃化转变温度提高了40 K.     

已固化环氧树脂中酸酐固化剂的分析鉴定 Ⅰ.热裂解与红外光谱法

对九种酸酐固化的双酚A环氧树脂及其在450℃的裂解物进行了红外光谱分析与对比。固化树脂在加热裂解时释放出相应的酸酐或酸性物质及其他一些裂解物。裂解物用氨水处理使酸酐与酸性物质以铵盐的形式与其他裂解物分离开,然后经酸化得到相应的酸,再用红外光谱鉴别。从裂解物的分析,对树脂的裂解过程作了一些说明。     

微波条件下ZnCl2改性离子交换树脂催化改质生物油的研究

在微波加热条件下,以732型阳离子交换树脂和ZnCl2改性离子交换树脂为催化剂,添加乙醇为溶剂,对生物油进行催化酯化改质.比较研究了两种催化剂随催化剂用量、反应时间及反应温度改变对生物油改质效果的影响,同时考察了微波加热与传统水浴加热条件下催化剂的活性.结果表明,酯化过程中ZnC12改性离子交换树脂比732型树脂活性有...     

新型环氧丙烯酸树脂增韧剂的合成

用马来酸酐和聚乙二醇1000合成具有反应活性端基的聚乙二醇,用红外与核磁共振进行了表征,并用其对环氧丙烯酸树脂进行改性;研究反应温度、反应时间对反应及产物性能的影响;用红外对反应性聚乙二醇和环氧丙烯酸树脂的固化物进行分析.结果表明,反应性聚乙二醇参与了环氧丙烯酸树脂的固化反应,可在交联网络中构成不同长度的柔性链段,显著地提高了环氧丙烯酸树脂的冲击强度.     

紫外光固化脂环族环氧丙烯酸酯涂料的制备及性能

通过丙烯酸（AA）与脂环族环氧树脂的开环反应合成了可紫外光（UV）固化的脂环族环氧丙烯酸酯树脂（CEA）。采用红外光谱（FT-IR）对树脂结构进行了表征,研究了反应温度、反应时间对产率的影响。用活性稀释剂与CEA制备了涂料预聚物,用转板黏度计测定了预聚物的黏度,采用差示扫描量热（DSC）仪、综合热分析仪和铅笔硬度计对树脂固化膜进行了分析。结果表明：当丙烯酸与环氧基团摩尔比为1.03,120°C下反应25.8 h时,反应转化率可达96.58%。CEA固化膜的玻璃化转变温度为64°C,初始分解温度为314°C,活性稀释剂的加入增强了固化膜的耐热性,固化膜铅笔硬度可达6H。     

SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXCITED STATES OF THE PRODUCT OF THE CHEMILUMINESCENCE OF LUMINOL*

Abstract— In dimethylsulfoxide the emission spectrum of luminol chemiluminescence is red-shifted by 300 cm^-1 from the photoexcited fluorescence of the product 3-aminophthalate dianion, while in aqueous solvent the two spectra are identical. The spectral properties of the product dianion have been measured in aqueous solvent and in a number of aprotic solvents, both at room temperature and at 77°K. The ground states and the excited states from which emissions are observed are characterized. Two alternatives are presented to explain the aprotic emission spectra.     

ON THE ACCURACY OF DIFFERENTIAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE MINIMAL ERYTHEMA DOSE: INFLUENCE OF THE DISCRETENESS OF THE SCALE

The minimal erythema dose (MED) is often used as a quantity by which the influence of certain treatments of the skin can be measured. Differential measurements are performed by assessing the difference of the MED on the skin treated in some way and the untreated skin.
As the MED-measuring scale is discrete, the question is sometimes raised whether it is possible to measure differences smaller than one scale unit. In the present paper it is shown that this is indeed possible; in principle the discreteness of the scale does not impose any restriction on the smallest value of the difference that can be measured. The discreteness of the scale introduces an extra random variation into the measurement. This variation is estimated theoretically. It is automatically included in the usual error analysis.
The discreteness variance is small when compared to other variance components, which are computed from an analysis of variance of actual experiments. Reducing the discreteness variance, by reducing the dose decrement of the MED-measuring scale, therefore, does not enhance the overall accuracy considerably. Finally, it is found that the assessments of the MED by the various observers do not differ significantly from each other, and that multiple assessments do increase the accuracy, especially for small effects.     

丙烯聚合络合催化剂形成过程的研究

以倍半物为还原剂还原TiCl_4,经异戊醚络合处理,然后在TiCl_4己烷溶液中35℃条件下热处理,制得对丙烯聚合具有高活性和高定向度的络合催化剂。研究了制备过程中各步反应产物的组成和结构特征,并讨论了TiCl_3低温晶型转变机理。     

光谱透射比标准物质的研究

研制了紫外、可见、近红外光谱区通用光谱透射比较标准物质。以高纯熔融石英为基片材料，镍铬合金的镀膜材料，采用双光楔对称光胶结构以消除同色杂散光的影响，对镀膜进行光胶处理以保证膜层的强度、稳定性及光学中性，采用高精度分光光度测量装置作为定值手段的以保证准确的定值，设计定位保护架以消除多次反射误差。该光度标准适用的光谱范围的200-2600nm，光谱透射比定值不确定度为0.5%。     

分光光度法低浓度区不成线性关系的探讨

本文研究分光光度法低浓度区不成线性的有关因素及其克服方法,以铝-二甲酚橙体系为例,通过对体系不同条件下吸收光谱及其等色点的研究,发现当体系pH渐变时(铝,二甲酚橙浓度固定不变),曲线簇现两个等色点.从对等色点的分析,证明体系形成络合物须按一个反应式进行才能出现等色点,而与反应式是否涉及到两个或三个有色化合物无关.若同时按两个反应式进行,则不能得到等色点,测定时也无线性关系.所以用这个体系进行铝的测定,铝浓度的变化范围只能限于存在等色点的区间才有线性关系. 为了克服常法测定铝时不符线性的现象,本文采用的方法是在二甲酚橙中预先加适量的铝作为显色剂,使反应严格按一个反应式进行,所得结果为一直线.     

对苯二胺衍生物的光催化氧化

以ＴｉＯ２作为催化剂，利用波长＞３３０ｎｍ的光辐照研究了Ｎ－取代的对苯－二胺衍生物的光催化氧化。研究表明，氧分子与光生电子 反应生成羟基自由基，羟基自由基氧化ＰＰＤｓ，生成醌二亚胺，后者在羟基的进攻下脱氨生成苯醌，苯醌继续光解无机化。ＰＰＤｓ光催化氧化近似遵循一级反应动力学，醇类和硫酸根离子可抑制ＰＰＤｓ的光催化氧化。催化剂表面荷影响电子转移速率，从而控制光催化氧化的反应速率。     

六氟丙烯等离子体聚合机理研究

<正> 在以前的工作中,我们曾应用色谱-质谱(GC-MS)及顺磁共振(ESR)等方法研究了四氟乙烯和三氟氯乙烯等离子体聚合过程中气体冷凝物的组成及结构,提出自由基引发聚合反应机理。本文用类似方法研究六氟丙烯(HFP)等离子体气体冷凝物的组成与结构和冷凝物的ESR信号及其从低温到高温的变化规律,证实了自由基的稳定性并提出气相聚合反应机理。     

THE COMPLEXITY OF THE FLUORESCENCE OF CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA

Abstract— The complexity of the room-temperature emission spectrum of Chlorella was investigated by a matrix analysis method. This approach revealed the presence of two independently fluorescent components in the short-wave region of the spectrum. These components, maximal at about 687 and 695 nm, appeared to correspond to the fluorescence of the bulk pigments of PS II and PS I respectively. The analysis was insensitive to the individual species within the photosystems. As such, other minor fluorescent species, usually observed at low temperatures, which presumably correspond to fluorescence from the trapping centres, did not appreciably complicate the analysis. The absorption spectra of the two photosystems were calculated from the fluorescence data. The results were similar to those that have been obtained by other workers from oxygen evolution and DCMU poisoning data but differed from those obtained by computer analysis of the absorption spectrum. Addition of reduced DCPIP was observed to reverse the increase in fluorescence yield and changes in the spectral distribution of emission taking place on poisoning the algae. The correlation between this and the catalysis of photophos-phorylation in aged or poisoned chloroplasts was noted. This correlation was tentatively interpreted as evidence for a direct interaction between the donor system and the photochemical apparatus associated with PS II, rather than with a member of the electron transport chain as is normally assumed.     

THE KINETICS OF THE DECOMPOSITION OF CYCLOHEXYL HYDROPEROXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF VANADYL DIBENZOYLMETHANE

The kinetics of the decomposition of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide(CHHP) in benzene catalyzed by vanadyl dibenzoylmethane[V0(DBM).,] has been studied.It was found that the products of decomposition of CHHP were cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone,which are produced in about equimolar amount,and the product cyclohexanol obviously inhibited the decomposition of CHHP.The kinetics data can be satisfactorily described by the following equation (with [CHHP]0>>[VO(DBM)2]0)R0=kK[CHHP]0[VO(DBM)2]0/(1+k[CHHP]0)This is the kinetic evidence for the formation of a catalyst-hydro-peroxide intermediate.In the equation K is the stability constant of the catalyst-hydroperoxide intermediate complex;k is the rate constant for the decomposition of the complex.The rate constant K at 500℃ may be expressed as follows:k=1.9×108exp(-53.7×103/RT)S-1 with the activation energy Ea=53.7kJ mol-1