介孔结构K8SiMo11O39·2H2O/TiO2的合成及光催化性能研究

采用浸渍法制备K8SiMo11O39·2H2O/TiO2复合材料。用IR、XRD、TG-DTA等方法进行了表征。用N2吸附-脱附等温线考察了催化剂的比表面、孔径,表明产物为介孔材料。以标题化合物作为光催化剂催化降解甲基橙,探讨催化剂用量、甲基橙的初始浓度、过氧化氢的用量等条件对甲基橙脱色率的影响,结果表明:催化剂加入量为80 mg·L-1、甲基橙的初始浓度为10 mg·L-1,H2O2的用量为10 mL·L-1时,脱色率达到92%。     

球磨法制备复合光催化剂Bi12TiO20/ZnO及其光催化性能

本文用水作为分散介质,采用球磨法掺杂一定量的Bi₁₂TiO₂₀于ZnO中制备复合光催化剂Bi₁₂TiO₂₀/ZnO. 利用UV-Vis、XRD和SEM等仪器对样品进行了分析与表征. 通过对甲基橙的氧化来研究其光催化活性. 结果表明,光催化剂Bi₁₂TiO₂₀/ZnO对甲基橙氧化的催化活性高于氧化锌的催化活性.当Bi₁₂TiO₂₀的掺杂量为0.5%(质量分数),球磨时间为12 h,焙烧温度为300℃时,光照20 min后,复合光催化剂Bi₁₂TiO₂₀/ZnO对甲基橙的降解率可达到95.2%.     

Cu2+掺杂的Bi2O3的制备及光催化性能的研究

本文采用并流沉淀法制备了Cu2+掺杂的纳米Bi2O3光催化剂(Cu/Bi原子比分别为1%,2%,3%和4%)。以甲基橙模拟有机污染物对催化剂的光催化性能进行了考察。用比表面(BET)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS),紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)和表面光电压谱(SPS)对所制备的催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,Cu2+掺杂量为3%时制备的Bi2O3具有最高的比表面积、孔容、最小孔径和晶粒尺寸。对甲基橙的光催化脱色结果显示掺杂量为3%时Cu2+-Bi2O3表现出最佳的光催化活性。     

纳米SnO2／ZnO复合氧化物的制备及制备条件对光催化性能的影响

以SnCl4·5H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、NH3·H2O为原料,采用共沉淀法制备出纳米SnO2/ZnO复合光催化剂,以降解甲基橙为模型反应,考察了不同条件制备的复合氧化物的光催化活性,并用TEM、XRD测试手段对其进行了表征。结果表明,ZnO复合SnO2后,光催化活性明显提高,但是焙烧温度超过900℃后,其光催化活性又大大降低。     

H3PW12O40／CeO2光催化脱色甲基橙溶液的研究

以CeO2为载体,用浸渍法制备了不同负载量的磷钨酸催化剂,并且考察了催化剂光催化脱色甲基橙溶液的催化性能。结果表明:磷钨酸最佳负载量为9%(质量分数);光催化剂加入量为300mg/100mL;在较低浓度下,甲基橙溶液的光催化脱色反应符合一级动力学方程;H3PW12O40/CeO2与TiO2具有相同的催化性能;催化剂再生后活性可恢复至65%。     

Eu/FeVO_4新型光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

以偏钒酸铵(NH4VO3)、硝酸铁(Fe(NO3)3.9H2O)、硝酸铕(Eu(NO3)3)为原料,采用浸渍法制备了Eu/FeVO4新型光催化剂,并利用XRD,SEM,BET,DRS和XPS等手段对其进行了表征。结果表明:Eu/FeVO4仍为三斜型晶体,其晶粒粒径大小未有显著变化;SEM显示掺杂后晶体表面附着较多细小颗粒,其比表面积得到了提高;并且其光吸收性能在200~500 nm之间增强。在12 W节能灯照射下,以甲基橙的光催化剂降解为模型反应,研究了该新型光催化剂的光催化活性。结果发现,与纯FeVO4样品相比,Eu/FeVO4样品光催化活性大幅提高,且当掺杂量为0.5%(质量分数)时,对甲基橙溶液的脱色率比纯FeVO4提高24%左右。     

TiO2-CoFe2O4磁性复合材料制备及太阳光催化性能

以四氯化钛、三价铁盐和二价钴盐为前驱体,采用超声波技术一步合成了TiO2-CoFe2O4新型复合光催化剂,运用VSM、XRD、TEM和UV-Vis技术进行了表征,以甲基橙为模拟污染物在太阳光照射下研究其光催化活性。结果表明:所制得的样品具有良好的顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度为212 Gs;样品中TiO2和CoFe2O4分别以锐钛矿相和尖晶石结构存在,粒径尺寸在40～50 nm之间;样品在紫外-可见区有很强的吸收。光催化结果表明复合催化剂具有较高的太阳光催化活性,循环使用3次,仍能保持良好的催化活性。     

硫酸浸渍La_2O_3掺杂TiO_2光催化剂对甲基橙废水化学耗氧量的影响

采用不同浓度的硫酸溶液浸渍处理La2O3掺杂TiO2,随后经焙烧制得一系列SO24-/TiO2-La2O3光催化剂;考察了SO24-/TiO2-La2O3光催化剂对甲基橙废水溶液化学耗氧量的影响.结果表明,SO24-/TiO2-La2O3的光催化活性比TiO2-La2O3的高;H2SO4浸渍液浓度对SO24-/TiO2-La2O3的光催化活性有一定的影响,H2SO4溶液的最佳浓度为0.5mol/L.同时,催化剂的焙烧温度对其光催化活性也有一定的影响,最佳焙烧温度为500℃;而复合催化剂中La2O3的最佳掺杂量为0.3%.     

Fe-Ni 共掺杂 ZnO 的制备及其光催化降解甲基橙活性

 采用溶液法制备了 Fe-Ni 共掺杂 ZnO 光催化剂, 并运用 X 射线衍射、扫描电镜和原子发射光谱等对催化剂进行了表征. 以甲基橙 (MO) 为模型污染物, 评价了样品的光催化活性, 考察了甲基橙初始浓度及其 pH 值, 以及催化剂用量等对光催化反应性能的影响. 结果表明, Fe-Ni 共掺杂降低了 ZnO 的结晶度, 并促进了晶粒的长大. 光催化降解反应表明, Fe-Ni 共掺杂显著提高了 ZnO 光催化降解甲基橙的活性, 当催化剂用量为 0.6 g/L, 经 120 min 紫外光照射时, 可使甲基橙溶液 (10 mg/L) 降解率达到 93.5%. 关键词：铁; 镍; 共掺杂; 氧化锌; 光催化; 甲基橙; 降解     

球磨法制备异质结型光催化剂ZnO/Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)及催化性能

本文用水作为分散介质,掺杂一定量的ZnO于Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)中,采用高能球磨法制备了异质结型光催化剂ZnO/Bi_4Ti_3O_(12).利用UV-Vis、XRD、SEM和PL等仪器对样品进行了分析与表征.以375 W中压汞灯为光源,通过对亚甲基蓝的氧化来研究其光催化活性.结果表明,对于光氧化亚甲基蓝(MB),异质结型光催化剂ZnO/Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)光催化活性高于钛酸铋的光催化活性.当ZnO的掺杂量分别是0.0和0.5wt.%,异质结型光催化剂ZnO/Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)对亚甲基蓝光氧化率分别达到50.2和80.3 %.     

Sol-gel synthesis of K3InF6 and structural characterization of K2InC10O10H6F9, K3InC12O14H4F18 and K3InC12O12F18

K₃InF₆ is synthesized by a sol-gel route starting from indium and potassium acetates dissolved in isopropanol in the stoichiometry 1:3, with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorinating agent. The crystal structures of the organic precursors were solved by X-ray diffraction methods on single crystals. Three organic compounds were isolated and identified: K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉, K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈. The first one, deficient in potassium in comparison with the initial stoichiometry, is unstable. In its crystal structure, acetate as well as trifluoroacetate anions are coordinated to the indium atom. The two other precursors are obtained, respectively, by quick and slow evaporation of the solution. They correspond to the final organic compounds, which give K₃InF₆ by decomposition at high temperature. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ is characterized by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₄(OH_x)₂]^(5−2x)− and isolated [CF₃COOH_2−x]^(x−1)− molecules with x=2 or 1, surrounded by K⁺ cations. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ is only constituted by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₆]³⁻ and K⁺ cations. For all these compounds, potassium cations ensure only the electroneutrality of the structure. IR spectra of K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ were also performed at room temperature on pulverized crystals.     

Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5和Li2O-TiO2-Al2O3-P2O5体系锂离子固体电解质的制备及性能研究

一些具有NASICON型网格结构的固体电解质具有高的电导率和好的稳定性,NASICON的意思是Na Super Ionic Conductor[1]。当NaZr2(PO4)3中P5 被Si4 部分取代时便可以得到具有NASICON结构的Na1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系,其具有高的钠离子电导率。然而有相同结构的Li1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系的离子电导率却很低,这是因为Li 半径太小,而NASICON三维网格结构的离子通道太大,两者不匹配而使电导率下降[2]。但当LiZr2(PO4)3中Zr4 被离子半径小些的Ti4 取代,所得LiTi2(PO4)3的通道就与Li 半径相匹配,适合于锂离子的迁移,从而使其电导率…     

Non-centrosymmetric Ba3Ti3O6(BO3)2

The compound previously reported as Ba₂Ti₂B₂O₉ has been reformulated as Ba₃Ti₃B₂O₁₂, or Ba₃Ti₃O₆(BO₃)₂, a new barium titanium oxoborate. Small single crystals have been recovered from a melt with a composition of BaTiO₃:BaTiB₂O₆ (molar ratio) cooled between 1100°C and 850°C. The crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction: hexagonal system, non-centrosymmetric space group, a=8.7377(11) Å, c=3.9147(8) Å, Z=1, wR(F²)=0.039 for 504 unique reflections. Ba₃Ti₃O₆(BO₃)₂ is isostructural with K₃Ta₃O₆(BO₃)₂. Preliminary measurements of nonlinear optical properties on microcrystalline samples show that the second harmonic generation efficiency of Ba₃Ti₃O₆(BO₃)₂ is equal to 95% of that of LiNbO₃.     

A new 2212-type stair like structure: Bi14Sr21Fe12O61, m=5 member of the generic [Bi2Sr3Fe2O9]m[Bi4Sr6Fe2O16] family

A new oxide, Bi₁₄Sr₂₁Fe₁₂O_61, with a layered structure derived from the 2212 modulated type structure Bi₂Sr₃Fe₂O₉, was isolated. It crystallizes in the I2 space group, with the following parameters: a=16.58(3) Å, b=5.496(1) Å, c=35.27(2) Å and β=90.62°. The single crystal X-ray structure determination, coupled with electron microscopy, shows that this ferrite is the m=5 member of the [Bi₂Sr₃Fe₂O₉]_m[Bi₄Sr₆Fe₂O₁₆] collapsed family. This new collapsed structure can be described as slices of 2212 structure of five bismuth polyhedra thick along , shifted with respect to each other and interconnected by means of [Bi₄Sr₆Fe₂O₁₆] slices. The latter are the place of numerous defects like iron or strontium for bismuth substitution; they can be correlated to intergrowth defects with other members of the family.     

Raman scattering investigations on lanthanum-doped Bi4Ti3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15 intergrowth ferroelectrics

The ferroelectric ceramics of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅, and lanthanum-doped Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ were synthesized, and their Raman spectra were investigated. La-doping resulted in the enlargement of remnant polarization of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅. The structure of the Bi₂O₂ layers and TiO₆ octahedra of the intergrowth was found to be different from those of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ and SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅. La³⁺ ions exhibit pronounced selectivity for the occupation of A site as La content is lower than 0.50, and tend to be incorporated into Bi₂O₂ layers when the La content is higher than 0.50. Lanthanum substitution brings about the structural phase transition in Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅. The variation of ferroelectric property may be attributed to combined contribution from the decreasing of the oxygen vacancies, the relaxation of the lattice distortion, the destroying of the insulation and the space charge compensation effects of the Bi₂O₂ slabs.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, infrared and Raman spectra of Sr4Cu3(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)4·3H2O and Ba2Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)3

The two new compounds, Sr₄Cu₃(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)₄·3H₂O (1) and Ba₂Cu₄(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)₃(2), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. They represent previously unknown structure types and are the first compounds synthesized in the systems SrO/BaO-CuO-As₂O₅-H₂O. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction [space group C2/c, a=18.536(4) Å, b=5.179(1) Å, c=24.898(5) Å, β=93.67(3)°, V=2344.0(8) Å³, Z=4 for 1; space group P4₂/n, a=7.775(1) Å, c=13.698(3) Å, V=828.1(2) Å³, Z=2 for 2]. The crystal structure of 1 is related to a group of compounds formed by Cu²⁺-(XO₄)³⁻ layers (X=P⁵⁺, As⁵⁺) linked by M cations (M=alkali, alkaline earth, Pb²⁺, or Ag⁺) and partly by hydrogen bonds. In 1, worth mentioning is the very short hydrogen bond length, D···A=2.477(3) Å. It is one of the examples of extremely short hydrogen bonds, where the donor and acceptor are crystallographically different. Compound 2 represents a layered structure consisting of Cu₂O₈ centrosymmetric dimers crosslinked by As1φ₄ tetrahedra, where φ is O or OH, which are interconnected by Ba, As2 and hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network. The layers are formed by Cu₂O₈ centrosymmetric dimers of CuO₅ edge-sharing polyhedra, crosslinked by As1O₄ tetrahedra. Vibrational spectra (FTIR and Raman) of both compounds are described. The spectroscopic manifestation of the very short hydrogen bond in 1, and ABC-like spectra in 2 were discussed.     

Ion-beam irradiation of lanthanum compounds in the systems La2O3-Al2O3 and La2O3-TiO2

Thin crystals of La₂O₃, LaAlO₃, La_2/3TiO₃, La₂TiO₅, and La₂Ti₂O₇ have been irradiated in situ using 1 MeV Kr²⁺ ions at the Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscope-Tandem User Facility (IVEM-Tandem), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). We observed that La₂O₃ remained crystalline to a fluence greater than 3.1×10¹⁶ ions cm⁻² at a temperature of 50 K. The four binary oxide compounds in the two systems were observed through the crystalline-amorphous transition as a function of ion fluence and temperature. Results from the ion irradiations give critical temperatures for amorphisation (T_c) of 647 K for LaAlO₃, 840 K for La₂Ti₂O₇, 865 K for La_2/3TiO₃, and 1027 K for La₂TiO₅. The T_c values observed in this study, together with previous data for Al₂O₃ and TiO₂, are discussed with reference to the melting points for the La₂O₃-Al₂O₃ and La₂O₃-TiO₂ systems and the different local environments within the four crystal structures. Results suggest that there is an observable inverse correlation between T_c and melting temperature (T_m) in the two systems. More complex relationships exist between T_c and crystal structure, with the stoichiometric perovskite LaAlO₃ being the most resistant to amorphisation.     

g-C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合材料制备及其光催化性能

利用类石墨氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)和亚稳相钙钛氧化物(CaTi_2O_5)固相法制备C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及附带能谱分析仪(EDS)和N2吸附-脱附对样品的显微结构和比表面积进行检测分析,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计(UV-Vis)测试了样品的光吸收性能,研究C_3N_4与CaTi_2O_5物质的量之比(nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5)对C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品的物相结构和微观形貌的影响,同时考察C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品在可见光照射下光催化降解罗丹明染料效果。实验结果表明:相比纯C_3N_4和CaTi_2O_5样品,C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品在可见光下具有较高的光催化性能,随着nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5增加,样品的光催化降解率随之增加而后降低,当nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5=1∶1时,样品的光催化降解率达到最大值99.5%,并且循环重复利用5次后,样品的光催化剂降解率仍几乎保持不变。复合样品光催化性能提高主要归因于复合能级结构有效地抑制了电子和空穴复合所致。     

g-C3N4/CaTi2O5复合材料制备及其光催化性能

利用类石墨氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）和亚稳相钙钛氧化物（CaTi₂O₅）固相法制备C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合材料。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及附带能谱分析仪（EDS）和N₂吸附-脱附对样品的显微结构和比表面积进行检测分析,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计（UV-Vis）测试了样品的光吸收性能,研究C₃N₄与CaTi₂O₅物质的量之比（n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅）对C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品的物相结构和微观形貌的影响,同时考察C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品在可见光照射下光催化降解罗丹明染料效果。实验结果表明：相比纯C₃N₄和CaTi₂O₅样品,C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品在可见光下具有较高的光催化性能,随着n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅增加,样品的光催化降解率随之增加而后降低,当n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅=1：1时,样品的光催化降解率达到最大值99.5%,并且循环重复利用5次后,样品的光催化剂降解率仍几乎保持不变。复合样品光催化性能提高主要归因于复合能级结构有效地抑制了电子和空穴复合所致。     

Magnetic diphase nanostructure of ZnFe2O4/γ-Fe2O3

Magnetic diphase nanostructures of ZnFe₂O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃ were synthesized by a solvothermal method. The formation reactions were optimized by tuning the initial molar ratios of Fe/Zn. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectra. It is found that when the initial molar ratio of Fe/Zn is larger than 2, a diphase magnetic nanostructure of ZnFe₂O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃ was formed, in which the presence of ZnFe₂O₄ enhanced the thermal stability of γ-Fe₂O₃. Further increasing the initial molar ratio of Fe/Zn larger than 6 destabilized the diphase nanostructure and yielded traces of secondary phase α-Fe₂O₃. The grain surfaces of diphase nanostructure exhibited a spin-glass-like structure. At room temperature, all diphase nanostructures are superparamagnetic with saturation magnetization being increased with γ-Fe₂O₃ content.