可变光阑光学衍射加密系统

为了克服双随机相位编码系统的局限性,提出基于光学衍射成像原理的图像加密方法.该方法在光学衍射加密系统中加入可变光阑,形成透光面积不同的振幅板,对明文进行加密,得出多个密文.解密时,通过相位恢复算法,从多幅衍射强度图像中恢复原始明文.仿真表明,由于只需要记录光波的衍射强度,在密文记录过程无需使用干涉装置,通过可变光阑可以方便地调节振幅板的透光面积,无需改变光学结构或者移动光学器件,因此,大大降低了加密过程实施的难度.     

一种基于迭代振幅-相位恢复算法和非线性双随机相位编码的图像加密方法

提出了一种基于迭代振幅-相位恢复算法和非线性双随机相位编码的图像加密方法。该方法利用两个公开密钥和一幅"假图像"在非线性双随机相位加密系统中生成密文,接着利用迭代非线性双随机相位编码生成两个私有密钥。待加密图像和密文作为迭代加密方法中的两个限定值。解密过程则可以在经典的基于4f系统的线性的光学双随机相位编码系统中完成。该加密方法具有迭代收敛速度快、安全性高的优点。迭代该图像加密方法能够抵御最近提出的基于改进的振幅-相位恢复算法的攻击。理论分析和仿真实验都证明了此方法的有效性和可靠性。     

双随机相位加密系统的选择明文攻击

在光学信息安全领域,双随机相位加密方法最引人注目并得到广泛研究,但由于双随机相位加密系统是基于傅里叶变换的系统,其本质上是一种线性变换系统,明文、密文之间的函数依赖关系比较简单,这就为其安全性留下了很大的隐患。双随机相位加密方法可以用光学和数字的方式实现,提出了一种选择明文攻击的方法,利用多个冲击函数作为选择的明文,成功破解了基于数字方法实现的双随机相位加密系统,并给出了恢复密钥的解析式,此方法最大的优点在于解密图像的无损性,并从理论上加以证明,给出了实验结果。     

基于双随机相位编码的非线性双图像加密方法

提出了一种基于双随机相位编码技术的非线性双图像加密方法,并分析了其安全性。在该方法中,加密过程和解密过程以及加密密钥和解密密钥均不相同。加密过程具有非线性,解密过程则是线性的。将两幅待加密图像复合为复振幅图像,并利用双随机相位编码技术和切相傅里叶变换进行加密,加密过程中生成两个解密密钥,解密过程则在经典的基于4f系统的双随机相位编码系统中完成。相比经典的双随机相位加密技术和基于切相傅里叶变换的单图像加密技术,该加密方法的安全性更高,它能够抵御最近提出的基于两步振幅相位恢复算法的特定攻击。理论分析和仿真实验结果都证明了此加密方法的可行性和安全性。     

一种基于随机相位板复用的光学多二值图像加密系统

利用随机相位板复用提出了一种基于干涉原理的光学多二值图像加密系统。该系统加密过程采用数字方法,解密过程既可以采用数字方法也可以采用光学方法。利用该方法可将多幅图像信息解析地隐藏于两个纯相位板中。解密时,通过分束镜将两个随机相位板的衍射场进行相干叠加形成干涉场,利用专用密钥对此干涉场进行调制,即可在输出平面上恢复出与该专用密钥对应的原始图像,此图像可以采用CCD等图像传感器件直接记录。该方法加密过程无需迭代,非常省时,且解密系统易于物理实现。利用相关系数评估了系统的加密容量,计算机模拟结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

双随机相位编码光学加密系统的唯密文攻击

针对双随机相位编码光学加密系统的安全性分析表明，该系统属于线性对称分组密码系统，其线性性质为安全性留下极大隐患.在唯密文攻击下，仅根据密文估计出物面波函数的“支撑”(support)，然后利用迭代相位恢复算法获得物面波函数(其振幅是明文信息)，再根据物面波函数与频域密文的关系可推导出频谱平面的解密密钥.由于估计出来的物面波函数的“支撑”相对于真实的物面波函数的“支撑”有一定的平移，使得恢复的物面波函数与真实的物面波函数之间无论在振幅上还是相位上都存在平移，导致用推导出来的解密密钥去解密其他密文时所获得的明文与原始明文之间存在明显平移.然而，可依照这一先验信息，将估计出来的物面波函数的“支撑”在物面内遍历，从而找到逼近真实解密密钥的解.利用此解密密钥去解密其他密文时获得更好的解密效果. 关键词： 光学信息安全 双随机相位编码 唯密文攻击 函数支撑     

基于矢量运算和副像相位掩模的遥感图像加密技术

针对遥感图像及彩色图像传输过程中的信息安全问题,提出了一种利用矢量运算和副像相位掩模对彩色遥感图像加密的方法.在加密过程中,利用光学相干叠加原理将原始图像矢量分解,并叠加到R、G、B三个通道上的两个相位板当中;然后,使用副像相位掩模在菲涅尔域中双随机相位编码对其中一个相位板加密;最后,利用两个随机矩阵的Kronecker积对编码图像进行进一步随机化处理,实现彩色遥感图像的多级加密.实验结果表明:该算法的密钥敏感度高,在强度系数小于0.04的高斯噪声攻击和统计分析攻击下具有良好的稳健性;密文能够抵御选择明文攻击,相比于传统的双随机相位编码算法具有更强的安全性.解密遥感图像的峰值信噪比和相关系数可达31.92dB和0.9888.该加密方法为大量相同尺寸遥感图像的加密提供了新的思路.     

级联双相位密码系统中基于位置复用的双图像加密

级联双相位密码（CDPE）系统是一种包含两个纯相位板（密文板和密钥板）的重要光学密码系统,为了提升该系统的加密效率,提出一种双图像加密方法。加密时,将密钥板的轴向距离作为控制参数,提出一种新的迭代加密算法,该算法可将两幅明文图像加密至同一个密文板中,将传统的CDPE系统的加密效率提升了1倍。解密时,当密钥板分别处于两个设定的轴向位置时,可以在输出平面得到两幅不同的明文图像。采用数值仿真和实验验证了所提方法的有效性,并研究了密钥板两个位置之间的距离对解密结果的影响。对所提方法安全性的分析表明,所提方法对于暴力破解和选择明文攻击均具有稳健性。此外,所提方法可方便地推广至多图像加密,因此CDPE系统的加密效率可以得到进一步提升。     

基于像素置乱技术的多重双随机相位加密法

提出一种基于像素置乱技术的多重双随机相位加密法,对该加密法中像素置乱操作的原理进行了阐述,并且提出在光学上实现像素置乱操作和解置乱操作的途径.在计算机上模拟实现了该加密法,并且得到很好的加密解密结果.仿真结果证实仅用部分加密图像来解密也能够得到原图像,并且得到随着待解密的加密图像像素的增加,解密图像的信号能量、噪声以及信噪比的变化曲线.最后分析比较了该加密法与双随机相位加密法,得到该加密法与双随机相位加密法相比具有更高的保密性,而且解密图像的信噪比也不会因为引入像素置乱操作而降低.     

双随机相位加密系统的已知明文攻击

运用密码分析学的方法对双随机相位加密系统进行了初步的安全性分析.研究结果表明，该系统属于线性的对称分组密码系统，线性性质为其安全性留下隐患.在已知明文攻击下，攻击者可通过常规的相位恢复算法获得4-f系统输入平面的随机相位函数密钥，继而可轻易推出频谱平面的随机相位函数密钥，从而攻破此密码系统. 关键词： 光学信息安全 双随机相位加密 密码分析学 已知明文攻击     

基于gyrator变换和矢量分解的非对称图像加密方法

本文结合矢量分解和gyrator变换的数学实现得到了一种新的非对称图像加密算法,它将待加密图像先通过矢量分解加密到两块纯相位板中,然后利用从gyrator变换的数学实现中推导出来的加密算法加密其中一块相位板,获得最终的实值密文.另一块相位板作为解密密钥.算法的解密密钥不同于加密密钥,实现了非对称加密,加密过程中产生的两个私钥增大了算法的安全性.数值模拟结果验证了该算法的可行性和有效性.     

Optical noise-free image encryption based on quick response code and high dimension chaotic system in gyrator transform domain

A novel optical image encryption scheme is proposed based on quick response code and high dimension chaotic system, where only the intensity distribution of encoded information is recorded as ciphertext. Initially, the quick response code is engendered from the plain image and placed in the input plane of the double random phase encoding architecture. Then, the code is encrypted to the ciphertext with noise-like distribution by using two cascaded gyrator transforms. In the process of encryption, the parameters such as rotation angles and random phase masks are generated as interim variables and functions based on Chen system. A new phase retrieval algorithm is designed to reconstruct the initial quick response code in the process of decryption, in which a priori information such as three position detection patterns is used as the support constraint. The original image can be obtained without any energy loss by scanning the decrypted code with mobile devices. The ciphertext image is the real-valued function which is more convenient for storing and transmitting. Meanwhile, the security of the proposed scheme is enhanced greatly due to high sensitivity of initial values of Chen system. Extensive cryptanalysis and simulation have performed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Key rotation multiplexing for multiple-image optical encryption in the Fresnel domain

We introduce a key rotation multiplexing method into the double random phase encoding system for multiple-image optical encryption in the Fresnel domain. Each plaintext is encoded into a stationary-white-noise ciphertext by the same only phase mask located at the input plane, and another only phase mask with a certain rotation angle located at the transform plane. All ciphertexts encoded from different plaintexts are added together to produce a final ciphertext, which serves as a single data source for different plaintexts decryption. Thus, the mask located at transform plane can be utilized to decrypt different plaintexts with a certain rotation angle. Also, we perform computer simulations to investigate how the quantization level of decrypted key and CCD, respectively, affect the decrypted quality and the number of images that can be multiplexed.     

基于变形分数傅里叶变换的六重密钥图像加密

提出一种利用变形分数傅里叶变换和双随机相位编码对图像加密的方法.对要加密的图像分别进行两次变形分数傅里叶变换和两次随机相位函数调制,使加密图像的密钥由原来两重增加到六重.利用全息元件,可以用光学系统实现这种加密和解密变换.计算机模拟结果表明,只有当六重密钥都完全正确时,才能准确地重建原图像,这种六重密钥加密方法提高了图像信息的安全保密性.     

基于联合菲涅耳变换相关器和矢量分解的光学加密方法研究

为提高光学图像加密系统的安全性,利用双光楔联合菲涅耳变换相关器和矢量分解设计了一种非线性光学图像加密系统。通过矢量分解将原始图像分解为两个相位模板,其中一个相位模板f1(x)放置于双光楔联合菲涅耳变换相关器物窗口实现图像加密;携带另一相位模板f2(x)信息的光束与解密系统输出的携带f1(x)信息的光束相干叠加得到解密图像。数值模拟了加密系统的加、解密过程,对于灰度图像和二值图像,当光楔楔角为1.8°和相位模板f1(x)与密钥k(x)的中心间距为18 mm时,解密图像与原始图像的相关系数分别为0.812 7和0.810 9;分析了密钥模板相位分布错误对解密效果的影响,验证了加密方法的可行性。模拟分析表明,密钥k(x)的位置和光楔楔角作为附加的密钥参量,有效扩展了加密系统密钥空间,并能抵御唯密文攻击、已知明文攻击和选择明文攻击。     

Ghost imaging-based optical cryptosystem for multiple images using integral property of the Fourier transform

A novel ghost imaging-based optical cryptosystem for multiple images using the integral property of the Fourier transform is proposed. Different from other multiple-image encryption schemes, we mainly construct the modulation patterns related to the plaintext images to realize the encrypted transmission of multiple images. In encryption process, the first image is encrypted by the ghost imaging encryption scheme, and the intensity sequence obtained by the bucket detector is used as the ciphertext. Then modulation patterns of other images are constructed by using the integral property of the Fourier transform and used as the keys. Finally, the ciphertext and keys are transmitted to the receiver to complete the encryption process. During decryption, the receiver uses different keys to decrypt the ciphertext and gets different plaintext images, and decrypted images have no image aliasing problem. Experiments and simulations verify the feasibility, security, and robustness of the proposed scheme. This scheme has high scalability and broad application prospect, which provides a new idea for optical information encryption.     

基于随机相位实值编码的光学图像加密

提出了一种用于图像加密的随机相位实值编码方法,待编码的纯相位图像与一个随机相位掩膜一起作傅里叶变换,取其实部作为编码图像.已编码的图像和随机相位掩膜的傅里叶变换相加作傅里叶反变换,反变换的光强可以准确地重建原图像.该编译码方法简单,编码图像是一个实值图像,便于计算机打印或显示输出.     

Security Analysis and Improvement of an Image Encryption Cryptosystem Based on Bit Plane Extraction and Multi Chaos

This paper analyzes the security of image encryption systems based on bit plane extraction and multi chaos. It includes a bit-level permutation for high, 4-bit planes and bit-wise XOR diffusion, and finds that the key streams in the permutation and diffusion phases are independent of the plaintext image. Therefore, the equivalent diffusion key and the equivalent permutation key can be recovered by the chosen-plaintext attack method, in which only two special plaintext images and their corresponding cipher images are used. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed attack algorithm is verified by a MATLAB 2015b simulation. In the experiment, all the key streams in the original algorithm are cracked through two special plaintext images and their corresponding ciphertext images. In addition, an improved algorithm is proposed. In the improved algorithm, the generation of a random sequence is related to ciphertext, which makes the encryption algorithm have the encryption effect of a “one time pad”. The encryption effect of the improved algorithm is better than that of the original encryption algorithm in the aspects of information entropy, ciphertext correlation analysis and ciphertext sensitivity analysis.     

Asymmetric multiple-image encryption based on coupled logistic maps in fractional Fourier transform domain

A multiple-image encryption scheme is proposed based on the asymmetric technique, in which the encryption keys are not identical to the decryption ones. First, each plain image is scrambled based on a sequence of chaotic pairs generated with a system of two symmetrically coupled identical logistic maps. Then, the phase-only function of each scrambled image is retrieved with an iterative phase retrieval process in the fractional Fourier transform domain. Second, all phase-only functions are modulated into an interim, which is encrypted into the ciphertext with stationary white noise distribution by using the fractional Fourier transform and chaotic diffusion. In the encryption process, three random phase functions are used as encryption keys to retrieve the phase-only functions of plain images. Simultaneously, three decryption keys are generated in the encryption process, which make the proposed encryption scheme has high security against various attacks, such as chosen plaintext attack. The peak signal-to-noise is used to evaluate the quality of the decrypted image, which shows that the encryption capacity of the proposed scheme is enhanced considerably. Numerical simulations demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed method.     

双随机相位图像加密的实值编码研究

提出了一种基于双随机相位的图像实值编码方法,该方法可应用于光学图像加密.要编码的纯相位图像分别在空间域和频域加入随机相位掩膜,其中在频域将编码范围扩大4倍,经过光学系统的变换,将生成的图像取实部作为编码图像.实值编码的图像利用与编码过程类似的方法进行解码,可以准确地重建原图像.该编译码方法简单,编码图像是一个近似随机噪声的实值图像,便于数字图像的传输与输出.