银纳米材料表面增强拉曼散射基底研究进展

表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）技术在环境保护、食品工业、医学检测、生物检测等领域有广泛的应用前景。SERS基底材料和结构是影响性能的关键因素,而银纳米材料SERS基底已被广泛应用。本文介绍了SERS基底的增强机理,对近年来纯银纳米材料和银基复合纳米材料SERS基底的研究进展进行了综述,并介绍了银纳米材料SERS基底发展面临的问题,对其发展趋势进行了分析和展望。     

表面增强拉曼散射活性基底

表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)是人们将激光拉曼光谱应用到表面科学研究中所发现的异常表面光学现象。它可以将吸附在材料表面的分子的拉曼信号放大106到1014倍,这使其在探测器的应用和单分子检测方面有着巨大的发展潜力。由于分子所吸附的基底表面形态是SERS效应能否发生和SERS信号强弱的重要影响因素,所以分子的承载基体是很关键的,因而SERS活性基底的研究一直是该领域的研究热点之一。本文总结了形态各异的表面增强拉曼散射活性基底,分析了最新发展并对其未来作一展望。     

银胶体系中的平衡因素对表面增强拉曼散射的影响

分析银胶体系中样品分子的平衡因子有器壁、银胶、水和杂质，并试验了某此样品的表面增强拉曼散射强度对这些因素的响应，指出全面分析影响对于表面增强拉曼散射的分应用的重要性。     

混合正、负电性银胶体系的表面增强拉曼散射活性研究

Both negatively and positively charged silver colloids were prepared in aqueous solution for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by the reduction of silver nitrate with sodium citrate and hydrogen peroxide under basic condition, respectively. By means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the observation of morphologies of negatively charged silver colloid (NSC) and positively charged silver colloid (PSC) has been presented, and the aggregation behaviors of NSC and PSC as well as the mixture of NSC and PSC induced by the addition of fuchsine basic molecules examined. SERS from fuchsine basic molecules in above mentioned colloidal systems were recorded respectively and compared with each other. The results show that the mixture of NSC and PSC could form the aggregation morphology different from that of single NSC and PSC and bring about the favorable effect on SERS behavior for the adsorbed fuchsine basic.     

半导体纳米材料作为表面增强拉曼散射基底的研究进展

在总结半导体纳米材料作为表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底的一些相关研究工作的基础上, 讨论了半导体纳米粒子SERS基底的增强效应与纳米材料的种类、尺寸的相关性; 对半峰宽、激发波长进行了分析, 并对半导体纳米材料作为SERS基底时, 化学增强、电磁增强、纳米半导体缺陷和激子波尔半径的影响等进行了阐述.     

基于在位光还原银胶法的表面增强拉曼散射技术检测核酸碱基

在环状有机物存在的条件下,Ag+经激光诱导可发生光还原反应,形成Ag原子聚集的银胶体.本研究通过拉曼散射光谱、紫外-可见光谱和扫描电镜证明,核酸碱基和Ag+混合溶液经过激光诱导可以生成银胶体颗粒.随着银胶体的生成,核酸碱基的拉曼光谱信号因为表面增强拉曼散射效应而得到明显增强.实验表明,本方法不但可以获得高信噪比的拉曼光...     

一种新型表面增强拉曼活性基底的制备方法

表面增强拉曼光谱技术 (SERS)具有极高的灵敏度 ,对某些分子其灵敏度比常规拉曼光谱高一百万倍 ,能检测吸附在金属表面的单分子层和亚单分子层的分子 ,并提供丰富的分子结构信息 [1～ 5] .活性基底的制备是获得 SERS信号的前提 ,电化学粗糙化的电极、贵金属溶胶及真空蒸镀的金属岛膜是SERS分析中最常用的 3种活性基底 ,在实际应用中各有利弊 .本文报道一种新的制备银纳米粒子基底的方法 ,可使银纳米粒子生长到合适的尺寸 ,以达到最佳SERS增强效果 .利用紫外 -可见光谱和 AFM研究该 SERS基底纳米粒子的尺寸分布和形貌 ,以 1 ,4-(双…     

柠檬酸辅助可控制备花状银粒子及其表面增强拉曼散射性能

以抗坏血酸为还原剂,柠檬酸为结构导向剂,一步还原硝酸银,合成了尺寸和形状可调的花状银颗粒.纳米粒子的粒径可在600～1200 nm范围内调整,表面突起可达到10～25 nm.柠檬酸的化学性质在银纳米粒子合成多级花状银结构的过程中起着至关重要的作用.通过改变柠檬酸或抗坏血酸溶液的用量,银结构的各向异性形貌可以很容易地调节...     

表面增强拉曼光谱活性基底的制备与性质研究

建立了无氰电沉积粒径约20 nm的银颗粒制备表面增强拉曼光谱活性银基底的方法,考察了基底的相关性质。利用电化学循环伏安法在不同的扫描速度下研究此沉积体系的电化学行为,结果表明,银的电沉积过程受扩散控制,当扫描速度增大时,氧化峰位略正移,但还原峰明显负移。扫描电镜表征结果表明,沉积银层的结晶形状规则,分布均匀,粒径为(20±10) nm。以甲基橙为探针,考察了沉积银基底对拉曼光谱信号的增强作用,其增强因子为5.2×10⁵。沉积银基底对罗丹明6G(R6G)分子检测的线性范围为1×10^-12～1×10^-6 mol/L,相关系数为0.98,检出限低于1×10^-12 mol/L。拉曼光谱Mapping图表明,沉积银活性基底在大范围内的增强效果均匀。     

完全绿色路线获得的银纳米线的表面增强拉曼光谱

以硝酸银为银源,在硅片上成功地制备了银纳米线。该制备步骤在室温下操作,用环境友好的化合物乙二醇作还原剂。这是一个完全“绿色的”制备路线。用XRD、SEM和EDX对新制备的产物进行了表征,结果表明该银纳米线很纯,平均直径20nm。该银纳米线用于罗丹明6G的表面增强拉曼光谱测定,当罗丹明6G为10nM时,出现了特征峰。     

酸性染料在银溶胶上吸附状态的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

表面增强拉曼光谱技术 (SERS)能从分子水平上直接提供表面分子结构和动态过程等重要信息 ,被广泛地用于各种物质在金、银、铜等贵金属表面的吸附机理研究 ;本文通过对不同浓度的酸性黑和酸性红在银溶胶上的表面增强拉曼光谱的研究 ,探讨了浓度对其在银溶胶表面吸附状态的影响 ;结果表明 ,酸性黑和酸性红均为5×10-4 mol/L时 ,在银溶胶表面上发生吸附状态改变 ,并形成一个满单分子层 ,表面拉曼信号最强。     

Rapid Dynamic Determination of Cetirizine Dihydrochloride in Urine Using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering with Silver Colloids

A novel method for the dynamic determination of cetirizine dihydrochloride in urine using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been developed. Comparison of SERS activities between gold and silver colloid was made based on the analysis of the transmission electron micrographs and the SERS spectra, revealing that silver colloid is much more efficient on the signal enhancement performance. The primary sites of the adsorption on the nanoparticle surface were represented by the feature peaks of piperazine at ca. 1050?cm^?1 and phenyl rings at ca. 1630?cm^?1, respectively. The best signal response was extracted at pH 7 at the Cl^?:Ag⁺ molar ratio of 2:1. The matrix effect was eliminated by subtracting the spectral contribution of the blank urine from the sample spectra. Sample preparation procedures were minimized. Quantification could be simply accomplished on the predicted versus actual concentration curve, within the Raman shift range from 500 to 2500?cm^?1. Neither modeling nor complicate calculation was required. The method was shown to be specific and applicable for drug urine concentration monitoring in situ.     

盐酸羟胺络合法制备银溶胶及表面增强拉曼基底

报道了一种制备银溶胶的新方法.用紫外-可见光谱和透射电镜研究了银纳米粒子的形成过程、粒子形状及粒径分布.紫外光谱结果表明,在还原剂中加入碘化银溶胶后立即形成银纳米粒子,开始时粒子的粒径较小,很快聚集成较大的粒子.随着反应的进行,较大的粒子又逐渐碎裂为较小的粒子.同时,粒子的粒径分布逐渐变窄,说明银纳米粒子的形成过程也是粒子粒径均化的过程.透射电镜的研究结果表明,银纳米粒子为形状均一的球形,平均粒径约35nm.将这种银纳米粒子转移到固体基片上可得到活性较高的表面增强拉曼(SERS)基底.     

Silver Nanoparticle Thin Films with Nanocavities for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering

The formation of nanometer‐sized gaps between silver nanoparticles is critically important for optimal enhancement in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). A simple approach is developed to generate nanometer‐sized cavities in a silver nanoparticle thin film for use as a SERS substrate with extremely high enhancement. In this method, a submicroliter volume of concentrated silver colloidal suspension stabilized with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is spotted on hydrophobic glass surfaces prepared by the exposure of the glass to dichloromethysilane vapors. The use of a hydrophobic surface helps the formation of a more uniform silver nanoparticle thin film, and CTAB acts as a molecular spacer to keep the silver nanoparticles at a distance. A series of CTAB concentrations is investigated to optimize the interparticle distance and aggregation status. The silver nanoparticle thin films prepared on regular and hydrophobic surfaces are compared. Rhodamine 6G is used as a probe to characterize the thin films as SERS substrates. SERS enhancement without the contribution of the resonance of the thin film prepared on the hydrophobic surface is calculated as 2×10⁷ for rhodamine 6G, which is about one order of magnitude greater than that of the silver nanoparticle aggregates prepared with CTAB on regular glass surfaces and two orders of magnitude greater than that of the silver nanoparticle aggregates prepared without CTAB on regular glass surfaces. A hydrophobic surface and the presence of CTAB have an increased effect on the charge‐transfer component of the SERS enhancement mechanism. The limit of detection for rhodamine 6G is estimated as 1.0×10^?8 M . Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy are used for the characterization of the prepared substrate.     

用表面增强拉曼散射研究电解法制备的纳米银膜

用一种廉价的电解方法制备了纳米银膜,并详细研究了在这种银膜上的表面增强拉曼散射效果．结晶紫为本实验的检测性分子．通过实验发现,这种银膜用便携式拉曼光谱仪测试并计算出的表面增强拉曼散射的增强因子为603,并对结晶紫的最小检出限为0．1nmol／L．     

一步法制备银溶胶用于临床嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的表面增强拉曼光谱快速检测

该文利用一步法快速制备银溶胶,实现了基底的现用现制.对嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌进行表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)检测,得到18组拉曼特征峰的生物指纹谱图.方法能够检测到的最低菌悬液浓度为5 x106菌落形成单位(CFU)/mL,重现性的相对标准偏差为6.8％-16％,满足生物医学领域定性分析的基本要求.采用该方法获得的阳性病人血...     

鸟嘌呤、鸟苷及其甲基化衍生物的近红外傅里叶变换表面增强拉曼光谱

本文给出了采用表面增强傅里叶变换拉曼光谱法测定的鸟嘌呤、鸟苷及其甲基化衍生物的拉曼散射。实验结果表明，采用了近红外波长的拉曼散射及傅里叶变换技术成功地获得鸟嘌呤、鸟苷及其甲基化衍生物的水溶液在较低浓度下（0．1～0．01mg／L）不受荧光干扰的拉曼光谱图，其频率与相对强度分布表明，水溶液状态下吸附在Ag膜上的鸟嘌呤（苷）及其衍生物结构中的有关振动谱带r（C＝O）、NH2和杂环上的N获得显著增强。本文对水溶液鸟嘌呤（苷）及其衍生物的FT－Raman谱带的归宿进行了讨论。     

自组装有序纳米银线表面增强拉曼光谱检测牛奶中三聚氰胺

制备具有表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)增强效果的基底是获得灵敏SERS检测的基础.本研究以多元醇法合成、流体流动法组装制备的有序纳米银线作为三聚氰胺的SERS增强基底,实现了样品中痕量三聚氰胺的快速灵敏检测.通过理论计算及实验考察得到了三聚氰胺的拉曼特征峰,优化了三聚氰胺在有序纳米银线基底上的SERS检测条件.在pH=8、水为溶剂、溶剂挥发时间为14 min的最佳条件下,三聚氰胺特征峰强度与浓度在0.05 ～ 1.00 mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,其线性相关系数R=0.997,检测限为0.05 mg/L.在牛奶中添加不同浓度的三聚氰胺,其回收率为89.7％～ 109.2％,相对标准偏差低于6.8％.本方法对三聚氰胺检测具有很好的灵敏度和稳定性,为其它小分子化合物的SERS检测提供技术支持.