草酸钠改性共沉淀制备高效Cu/ZrO2催化剂及其 在甲醇部分氧化制氢反应中的应用

采用四种不同沉淀剂并流共沉淀制备系列Cu/ZrO2催化剂, 结果表明经过Na2C2O4和NaOH改性沉淀的催化剂在甲醇部分氧化制氢反应中表现出比NaOH, Na2CO3和Na2C2O4-Na2CO3沉淀的催化剂更优越的催化性能, 在533 K可获得92%的氢气产率而CO含量低于1.5%, 并且在110 h寿命测试中保持良好的稳定性. 采用X射线粉末衍射, N2低温吸附, H2-TPR, N2O滴定和X射线光电子能谱对其进行系统表征, 阐述了该改性共沉淀法所得催化剂高性能的本质原因.     

沉淀剂种类对水煤气变换Au/Fe2O3催化剂结构和催化性能的影响

 采用7种沉淀剂(K2CO3, Na2CO3, NH4OH, (NH4)2CO3, NaOH, KOH和尿素)通过共沉淀法制备了低温水煤气变换(WGS) Au/Fe2O3催化剂,考察了沉淀剂种类对其催化性能的影响. 通过N2吸附, X射线荧光光谱、 X射线衍射、 H2程序升温还原和CO程序升温脱附等表征手段,探讨了不同沉淀剂影响Au/Fe2O3催化剂WGS性能的原因. 结果表明,采用K2CO3和Na2CO3制备的催化剂样品在200 ℃以上具有较好的活性和稳定性,其中K2CO3是最佳沉淀剂. 而采用NH4OH和(NH4)2CO3制备的样品的催化活性相对较低,在200 ℃达到峰值. 由其它3种沉淀剂制备的样品的催化活性都较差, CO转化率最高只有35%. 沉淀剂种类不仅明显地影响金离子和铁离子的共沉淀,而且会明显地影响共沉淀物在后续焙烧过程中的结晶行为. 前者将影响金的负载量,后者则影响金粒子的分散度以及氧化铁载体的还原性质和对CO的吸脱附性能. Au/Fe2O3催化剂的低温高活性及其稳定性归因于高度分散的金粒子及其与易被还原的氧化铁载体间的协同作用. 催化剂中金负载量增大、金粒子分散度提高以及氧化铁晶粒减小均有利于其催化性能的提高.     

沉淀剂对AU/ZnO催化剂CO氧化性能及催化剂结构的影响

在25 C和进料中含水条件下,考察了由Na2CO3,(NH4)2CO3,NaOH和NH4OH等4种沉淀剂制备的Au/ZnO催化剂上CO氧化活性和稳定性.结果表明,沉淀剂影响Au/ZnO催化剂的前体组成、金粒子和ZnO粒子大小、比表面积及CO氧化性能.由NH4OH制备的Au/ZnO催化剂活性和稳定性较差,CO转化率只有15%;由其它3种沉淀剂制备的Au/ZnO催化剂的CO氧化活性和稳定性明显改善,可至少连续反应1 100 h,且保持CO完全氧化,其中Na2CO3是最佳沉淀剂.在反应过程中反应气氛可引起金粒子的聚集及在催化剂表面生成新的碱式碳酸锌物相.催化剂的稳定性与金粒子长大速度和碳酸根累积量有关.     

Na-Rh/γ-Al2O3催化剂的表征及其对CO选择氧化的催化性能

 用浸渍法制备了一种高效的Na-Rh/γ-Al2O3催化剂,应用X射线衍射、 X射线光电子能谱和N2吸附-脱附等技术手段对催化剂进行了表征,考察了该催化剂的CO选择氧化性能,同时考察了不同预处理条件对催化剂活性的影响. 在100 ℃, GHSV=2.25×104 h-1, 原料气组成2%CO, 1.4%O2和70%H2的条件下, 5%Na-0.5%Rh/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CO转化率和CO2选择性分别高达100%和70%. 在饱和水蒸气存在时, CO转化率和CO2选择性可保持长达100 h不变,说明该催化剂有很好的稳定性和抗水性. 研究表明, Na原子可能通过向表面Rh提供电子,增强了Rh向CO的2π*分子轨道反馈电子的能力,使CO分子得到了活化. Na的添加在一定程度上提高了催化剂表面Rh的分散度,使其在高温条件下不易烧结. N2吸附-脱附结果表明, Na的存在虽然在一定程度上减小了催化剂的比表面积,但扩孔作用使催化剂平均孔径有明显的增大.     

沉淀剂对Au／ZnO催化剂上CO氧化性能及催化剂结构的影响

在25℃和进料中含水条件下,考察了由Na2CO3,(NH4)2CO3,NaOH和NH4OH等4种沉淀剂制备的Au/ZnO催化剂上CO氧化活性和稳定性。结果表明,沉淀剂影响Au/ZnO催化剂的前体组成、金粒子和ZnO粒子大小、比表面积及CO拉化性能。由NH4OH制备的Au/ZnO催化剂活性和稳定性较差,CO转化率只有15%;由其它3沉淀剂制备的Au/ZnO催化剂的CO氧化活性和稳定性明显改善,可至少连续反应1100h,且保持CO完全氧化,其中Na2CO3是最佳沉淀剂。在反应过程中反应气氛可引起金粒子的聚集及在催化剂表面生成新的碱式碳酸锌物相。催化剂的稳定性与金粒子长大速度和碳酸根累积量有关。     

低温水煤气变换催化剂Cu/ZrO_2的制备、表征与性能

以水热法制得的纯单斜相ZrO2为载体,采用沉积沉淀法制备了一系列具有良好水煤气变换反应活性的Cu/ZrO2催化剂.并通过X射线粉末衍射、N2物理吸附、H2程序升温还原、X射线荧光元素分析、高分辨透射电镜和扫描电镜等手段考察了制备参数对Cu/ZrO2催化剂结构的影响,探讨了其结构与性能的关系.结果表明,CuO负载量、沉淀温度、沉淀剂种类和焙烧温度均在一定程度上影响了催化剂活性组分的晶粒大小、分散状态、织构性质及载体与活性组分间的相互作用,从而影响催化剂活性.催化剂制备的适宜条件为:CuO负载量25%,沉淀温度65oC,KOH为沉淀剂,在H2气氛300oC焙烧2h.     

制备条件对新型糠醛加氢催化剂性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备CuO-ZnO-Al2O3-MnO2复合氧化物为活性组分体系的新型铜基催化剂,并评价其在糠醛选择性加氢制备糠醇过程中的活性,比较Na2CO3、NH4HCO3、H2C2O4三种沉淀剂制得催化剂的活性差异并通过TPR、XRD、ICP、BET等手段表征,结果表明:用Na2CO3作沉淀剂制得催化剂转化率最高.进一步对制备条件进行考察,发现采用Al(OH)3的添加形式和并流共沉淀法有利于提高催化剂的活性,而助剂Mg的添加能有效提高催化剂稳定性.     

沉淀剂种类对Ru/CeO2氨合成催化剂结构和性能的影响

采用6种沉淀剂通过共沉淀法制备了6种Ru/CeO2氨合成催化剂, 考察了沉淀剂种类对其氨合成性能的影响. 通过X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、X射线荧光光谱和H2程序升温还原等表征手段, 对不同沉淀剂影响Ru/CeO2催化剂氨合成性能的原因进行探讨. 结果表明: 采用(NH4)2CO3和NH4HCO3制备的催化剂样品具有较好的氨合成活性, 其中NH4HCO3为最佳沉淀剂, 所制备的催化剂在450 ℃, 10 MPa , 10000 h－1测试条件下, 出口氨浓度为14.46%. 而采用KHCO3, KOH, K2CO3沉淀剂制备的样品的氨合成活性相对较低. 沉淀剂种类不仅明显地影响钌离子和铈离子的共沉淀, 而且会影响载体二氧化铈表面氧的还原. 由NH4HCO3沉淀剂制备的Ru/CeO2催化剂的高活性归因于钌负载量增大、钌粒子分散度提高以及二氧化铈表面氧易还原三者相互作用的结果.     

Ce助剂对V/SiO_2催化CO_2氧化乙苯脱氢性能的影响

通过N2吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、CO2程序升温脱附(CO2-TPD)和热重分析(TGA)等多种表征手段和催化反应性能评价,研究了铈助剂的添加对V/SiO2催化CO2氧化乙苯脱氢性能的影响.结果表明,Ce助剂不仅提高了催化剂活性组分分散性和氧化还原性能,抑制了钒物种的深度还原,而且增强了催化剂碱性和CO2吸附能力,减缓了积炭生成,从而显著提高了V-Ce/SiO2对CO2氧化乙苯脱氢反应的催化活性和稳定性.在本实验中,V(0.8)-Ce(0.25)/SiO2催化剂表现出最佳的催化性能,苯乙烯(ST)收率可达55.6%,选择性为98.5%,反应12 h后,催化剂活性基本不变,与惰性N2气氛比较,CO2明显促进了乙苯脱氢反应,归因于CO2能保持催化剂表面钒物种的高价态.     

不同形貌的 CeO2 催化 1,4-丁二醇选择性脱水合成 3-丁烯-1-醇

 以 Ce(NO3)3•6H2O 为铈源, 采用不同沉淀剂制备了 CeO2 催化剂. 运用 N2 吸附-脱附、X 射线衍射、高分辨透射电镜和 H2程序升温还原等技术对催化剂进行了表征, 并评价了其对 1,4-丁二醇选择性脱水合成 3-丁烯-1-醇反应的催化性能. 结果表明, 以不同沉淀剂制得的 CeO2 样品形貌不同, 其中以 Na2CO3 为沉淀剂制备的 CeO2 呈边缘清晰的长方体形貌, 晶粒尺寸较大, 结晶较完整, 优先暴露的 (111) 晶面较多, 在 1,4-丁二醇选择性脱水反应中表现出较高的催化活性和选择性, 3-丁烯-1-醇收率可达 59.7%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.