BrSSCl和SSBrCl相对稳定性的理论研究

采用量子化学中的密度泛函理论，在B3LYP／6-311 G(3df)水平上全优化得到了S2BrCl分子线型和分叉型2种异构体的平衡结构，同时对可能发生的分子内原子迁移过程的过渡态进行了考察。计算结果表明，从能量角度看，线型的BrSSCl为稳定构型。采用统计热力学及过渡态理论，研究了Z种平衡结构之间相互转化的热力学和动力学性质。根据计算结果，无论是Cl迁移还是Br迁移，分子内的原子迁移都需要较高的活化能，并且迁移速度较慢。     

S2BrH的构型及其异构化反应的理论研究

由于在合成化学、大气化学和环境保护中的重要性，过硫化物XSSX(X=H，CH3，F，Cl等)被广泛研究。本文采用量子化学的密度泛函方法(DFT)，对S2BrH可能存在的2种构型的几何结构、相对稳定性以及可能的分子内原子迁移过程进行研究，探讨分叉型异构体SSBrH存在的可能性。     

倍硫磷的甲基在分子内和分子间迁移的质谱研究

甲基迁移反应在合成化学和生命科学领域具有重要意义.迄今为止，所报道的甲基迁移反应大多数发生在不同种类分子之间.因此，寻找新型甲基迁移反应具有一定的研究价值.本研究以环境中常见的杀虫剂倍硫磷为研究对象，采用电喷雾质谱技术为分析工具对反应体系进行高灵敏分析，探究在CF₃COOH及纳米二氧化钛（TiO₂）条件下，倍硫磷分子中发生甲基迁移反应的可能性.结果表明，在CF₃COOH和TiO₂共同作用下，倍硫磷分子中的甲基可以从同一分子的氧原子上迁移到不饱和硫原子上，发生分子内1，3-甲基迁移反应，形成异构体硫甲基化产物；同时，异构体产物中的甲基还可以从硫原子上再继续迁移到另一分子倍硫磷的不饱和硫原子上，发生分子间甲基迁移反应.同时结合密度泛函理论计算对倍硫磷分子内和分子间甲基迁移反应的过程进行动态模拟，并对其迁移机理进行解释.本研究发现了倍硫磷能发生分子内和分子间甲基迁移反应，提供了一种研究甲基迁移反应的质谱方法，为倍硫磷的降解研究提供了新思路.     

3-氨基-2-吡啶酮互变异构的密度泛函理论计算

采用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-3 l1G**基组水平上,计算并考察了3-氨基-2-吡啶酮分子酮式和烯醇式结构进行结构互变的质子迁移过程中的2种可能途径:(a)分子内质子迁移,(b)水助质子迁移.计算结果表明,途经b所需要的活化能较小,氢键在降低反应活化能方面起着重要作用.     

CO在α-U(001)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似,计算了CO在α-U(001)表面的吸附、解离和扩散.结果表明:CO分子以CU3OU2构型化学吸附在α-U(001)表面,吸附能为1.78-1.99eV;吸附后表层U原子向上迁移,伴随着褶皱的产生;CO分子与表面U原子的相互作用主要是U原子的电子向CO分子最低空轨道2π*转移,以及CO2π*/5σ/1π-U6d轨道间杂化而生成新的化学键;CO解离吸附较分子吸附在能量上更为有利,h1(C)+h2(O)和h1(C)+h1(O)(h:空位)解离态吸附能分别为2.71和3.08eV;近邻三重穴位之间C、O原子的扩散能垒分别为0.57和0.14eV,预示O原子较C原子更易在U(001)表面扩散迁移.     

1-氟-1,1- 二氯乙烷与氟原子反应的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论研究了CH3CCl2F与F原子的反应机理.在MPW1K水平下计算了反应物、过渡态和产物的几何构型和频率,并进一步利用内禀反应坐标理论获得了反应的最小能量路径;在G3(MP2)水平下对所有驻点进行了单点能量校正.结果表明,CH3CCl2F与F原子的反应存在两个H迁移反应通道:CH2H′CCl 2F+F→C...     

O_2在α-U(001)面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用广义梯度密度泛函理论结合周期性平板模型,计算了O2在α-U(001)表面吸附的几何和电子结构,并对H2、O2的吸附特性进行了对比分析。结果表明:O2分子在α-U(001)面上呈强解离化学吸附,吸附能为9.54～10.22eV,O-O距离较大的D+D-II构型最为稳定;吸附后表层U原子向上迁移,同时伴随着褶皱的产生;解离O原子与表面U原子的相互作用主要是离子键合,伴随着较弱的源于U5f/6d-O2p轨道杂化的共价键合;O原子的扩散能垒小于0.3eV,易于在U表面扩散迁移;O2分子在U表面的吸附强度较H2分子要大得多,对U表面结构的影响也更加显著。     

HNCO与CX（X=F，Cl，Br）自由基反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,在6-31+G~*水平上按BERNY能量梯度解 析全参数优化了HNCO与CX（X=F,Cl,Br）反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型,通过 振动频率分析确认了中间体和过渡态,内禀反应坐标（IRC）对反应物、中间体、 过渡态和产物的相关性予以证实,对各驻点进行了零点能校正（ZPE）在此基础上 计算了反应能垒。研究结果表明,与HNCO和其它小分子自由基反应不同,HNCO与 CX自由基反应首先发生分子间H原子迁移,随后N与CX的C（1）原子相互靠近成键并 生成较稳定的中间体,再发生N-C（2）键的断裂,完成N向C（1）上的迁移并进一 步解离为产物。反应按反应物→TS1→IM→TS2→产物通道进行。反应为放热反应。     

喹唑啉酮互变异构的理论计算

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)方法,计算并考察了喹唑啉酮进行结构互变的质子迁移过程的两种可能途径:(a)分子内质子迁移,(b)水助质子迁移.结果表明,途经b所需要的能垒小,氢键在降低反应能垒方面起重要作用.     

硼氮掺杂的碳纳米管对硫化氢气敏性能的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论研究了纯(8, 0)单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)和B原子、N原子以及BN原子对掺杂的(8, 0) SWCNTs对硫化氢气体分子的传感性质. 计算结果表明, 与纯碳纳米管相比, B原子掺杂的SWCNT显示了对H₂S分子的敏感性, 其几何结构和电子性质在吸附H₂S分子后发生了显著变化; 而N原子和BN原子对的掺杂没有改善SWCNT对H₂S分子的吸附性能, 因此我们建议B原子掺杂的SWCNT作为检测H₂S分子的新型气相传感器.     

Theoretical Study on the Activity of a-COOH and b-COOH of N-Phosphoryl Aspartic Acids

Many biological processes, such as signal transduction and protein synthesis are regulated by the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of amino acid residues in the proteins1. In addition, formation of high-coordinate phosphoric intermediates is usually described as a key step in most of enzyme catalytic mechanisms2. Our previous work indicates that N-phosphoryl amino acids and peptides are chemically active species that characterize the bio-mimic reactivity3, which might be related to the …     

H2S2的构型及其异构化反应的密度泛函理论研究

B3LYP calculations of density functional theory with the 6-311 + G（3df,2p）basis set level are used to investigate the equilibrium structures and intramolecular rearrangement reaction between the linear HSSH and branched H2SS isomers. The predicted geometrical parameters and scaled harmonic vibrational frequencies for HSSH are in good agreement with the available values experimentally. The predicted S-S and S-H bond lengths in the thiosulfoxide structure H2SS are 0.1986 and 0.1366 nm respectively and the values of 5SSH and 5HSH bond angles are 108. 3o and 89. 5o respectively. The transition-state for the unimolecular isomerization is suitably characterized by diagonalizing the matrix of energy second derivatives to determine the unique imaginary vibrational frequency and confirmed by the IRC calculation. The calculated results show that the linear structure is stable with respect to the branched form（lower 109.8 kJ/mol corrected with zero point vibrational energy）energetically. The calculated energy barrier for the direct intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer isomerization process is 190.3 kJ/mol. The kinetic results demonstrate that the isomerization is a unimolecular process,but the reaction rate is pretty slow. This agrees with the thermodynamical results. So the isomerization process should proceed via the other likely processes.     

DFT Studies on the Isomerization of Butene Double Bond Catalyzed by 1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium in Ionic Liquid

1 INTRODUCTION Butene and its isomers are important petroleum raw materials. Isomerization reaction of butene plays a key role in the course of C4 alkylation and its reaction mechanism has captured the attention of chemists all along[1, 2]. As a green so…     

卤代二硫烷互变异构体相对稳定性的理论研究

由于在有机合成化学、生命科学、大气化学和环境保护中的重要性,含有S=S键的过硫化物(硫烷)XSSX(X=H,CH3,F,Cl等)得到广泛研究。过硫化物XSSX可以有如图1所示的2种异构体,一种是与过氧化氢结构类似的非平面型的线型结构(属于C2点群),另一种是硫代亚砜型的分叉型构型(SSX2,属于C     

Thermodynamic parameters for the binding of polycarboxylic anions by fully methyl substituted linear polyammonium cations

Enthalpy changes for the binding of malonate, citrate, 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate by fully methyl substituted linear polyammonium cations (with the general formula C3nNnH(8n + 2)n+, with n = 1,2,3) were determined calorimetrically. Enthalpy changes were also determined for the binding of malonate by unsubstituted polyammonium cations (with the general formula C2(n - 1)NnH(6n - 2)n+, n = 1...6). delta H0/kJ mol-1 values are always positive and strongly dependent on the charges involved in the formation reaction. Mean values for delta G0 and T delta S0 were obtained as a function of the charge product zeta = Zanion/ Zcation: -delta G0/kJmol-1 = (4.0 +/- 0.4) zeta, T delta S0/kJmol-1 = (5.9 +/- 0.1) zeta (substituted polyamines), and -delta G0/kJmol-1 = (3.5 +/- 0.2) zeta, T delta S0/kJmol-1 = (5.0 +/- 0.4) zeta (unsubstituted polyamines). For both classes of amines it was found that T delta S0 vs. delta G0 is linear with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.9618. Crude approximation gives -delta G0/kJmol-1 = (7.0 +/- 0.4) n-1, T delta S0/kJmol-1 = (10.0 +/- 0.8) n-1 for unsubstituted amines and -delta G0/kJmol-1 = (8.0 +/- 0.8) n-1, T delta S0/kJmol-1 = (11.8 +/- 2.0) n-1 (n = number of possible salt bridges, or single interactions) for substituted amines.     

Theoretical study on the dehydrogenation reaction of alkanes catalyzed by zeolites containing nonframework gallium species

The dehydrogenation reaction of light alkanes in gallium-containing zeolites was studied by using density functional theory (DFT) and a nonframework gallium species in the dihydridegallium ion form. Two different mechanisms were considered: a 3-step mechanism and a 1-step concerted mechanism. The reactions occurring through the 3-step mechanism showed smaller activation barriers than the ones following the concerted mechanism. However, the energy barrier for the 3-step mechanism seems to be more influenced by the size and type (linear or branched) of the hydrocarbon chain and demands major conformational rearrangement, which could be hampered by the zeolite framework, especially for larger and/or branched hydrocarbons. On the other hand, the concerted mechanism seems to be much less dependent on the substrates geometry. Therefore, the concerted mechanism could be preferential when dealing with larger and/or branched alkanes.     

Conformational Analysis of Planar Enol Rotamers of 2,4-Pentanedione: an Ab Initio Study

All conformations among different planar enol conformers (rotamers) of 2,4-pentanedione were studied by means of the Hartree-Fock method using the STO-3G** basis set. The calculations were carried out with the Gaussian-98 program. For each conformation, stationary points with the highest energy on the energy curve were found graphically. Several conformations have low energy barriers and correspond to rotations around single bonds. They describe the spatial motion of only one (in most cases, hydrogen) atom or a small molecular fragment. All low energy barriers are in the interval 13-59 kJ·mol^-1. As would be expected, the lowest energy barrier is exhibited by the conformation that leads to the formation of an enol rotamer having an intramolecular H-bond (so-called -shaped form). On the other hand, conformations in which rotation around a bond leads to a break of the intramolecular hydrogen bond have the highest energy barriers. Conformations in which rotation occurs around the double bond have high energy barriers. The influence of the solvents CHCl₃ and CH₃CN on the intramolecular H-bond has also been studied by means of IPCM at the HF/6-31G** level.     

苯乙烯在Ag(111)和Ag(110)表面环氧化反应结构敏感性的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)对苯乙烯在Ag(110)表面和Ag(111)表面的环氧化反应进行了计算研究. 经计算, 在Ag(110)表面预吸附氧原子更易吸附在3 重穴位(3h), 吸附能为-3.59 eV; 在Ag(111)表面预吸附氧原子的最稳定吸附位是fcc 位, 吸附能为-3.69 eV. 苯乙烯的环氧化反应过程首先经过一个金属中间体, 然后再进一步反应变为产物, 其中经过直链中间体较支链中间体更加有利. Ag(110)面的反应活化能一般大于Ag(111)面的, 并且微观动力学模拟结果表明, Ag(111)表面生成环氧苯乙烷的选择性要明显高于Ag(110)表面(0.38 与 0.003), 原因是Ag(111)面环氧化反应活化能小于苯乙醛及燃烧中间体的活化能, 而在Ag(110)上正相反.     

A Theoretical Study on the Equilibrium Structures and Relative Stabilities of H_2SO

1INTRODUCTIONTheconformationandvariousphysicalprope-rtiesofdichalcogencompoundsR-X-Y-R?(X,Y=O,S,Se,andTe)havebeenatopicofseveralexperi-mentalandtheoreticalinvestigations[1].CompoundscontainingS=SandS=Obondshavelongbeenpro-posedasintermediatesinorganicsynthesisand,onoccasion,asstableentities[2～18].Despitethecom-monlyusedrepresentationofS–Obondinsulfoxi-desandothersulfinylderivativesasS=O,sulfoxidesareinmanywaysbestdescribedasylideswithhighlypolarizedS–Oσ-bondbecauseofelectro-sta…