一种测量折射率的新方法

折射率是透明物质的重要参数,在科学研究和生产实践中有广泛应用。运用变形后的菲涅尔公式,设计了一种可以同时测量固体和液体折射率的新方法。测量方法简单,测量结果准确,具有很强的实际应用价值。     

光电倍增管光谱特性新测试方法研究

提出以电调谐的声光滤光器作为色散元件，研究光电倍增管光谱特性新的测试方法，采用时间相移技术，对系统定标，使监控光束直接截取自测量光束，     

小质谱钼带温度的测量

介绍了磁偏转小型质谱仪对离子源（钼带）温度测量的一种方法.通过测量钼带温度与其单位长度电功率、电阻率的关系,得出了普适公式,解决了质谱实验中钼带温度测定的问题。     

测量重力加速度的一种新方法

提出了一种测量重力加速度的新方法,结合CCD杨氏模量实验仪给出了重力加速度和杨氏模量的物理关系式,从测量结果可知,所测重力加速度与标准值相比其相对误差甚小,说明该实验方案确实可行,具有一定的应用价值。     

Power Absorption in High Power Microwave Discharges

Measurements on RF power absorption in microwave discharges at 2.45 GHz, at pressures from 1 to 30 Torr in N2 and from 1 to 500 Torr in Ar, are described. A linear slow-wave structure of the strapped-bar type was employed for coupling RF energy to the plasma. From measurements on the plasma volume and on the total power absorbed, the variation with gas pressure of the RF power density in the plasma was obtained. For an incident power of 1 kW, power densities as high as 2-3 W/cm3 over relatively large plasma volumes could be achieved. The experimental data were used to calculate the pressure dependence of the electron density in an argon plasma, for an incident power of 1 kW.     

新方法精确测量凸透镜焦距

凸透镜在光学应用中有很大的作用,而它焦距的测定方法有很多。本文应用分光计、可调狭缝设计一种新方法精确测量凸透镜的焦距。     

波片相位延迟量精密测量新方法

利用旋转波片的偏振干涉技术，结合机械－光学旋光调制器对光相位的调制，通过判断方波信号的有无，可精密地确定被测定片相位延迟的数值，机械－光学旋光调制器的使用，大大简化被测样品和测试装置中四分之一波片光轴方位的调整，也显著地提高了装置测量的灵敏度和波长测量范围，对环境不作特殊控制，依据本方法建立的测试装置的相对测量误差可小于千分之五。     

一种新的三维测量机器人手眼标定方法

为了提高三维测量机器人的手眼标定精度以更好地满足工业需求,提出了一种采用动态改变变异率的自适应差异进化算法进行手眼标定的新方法。首先构建了由线结构光测头和机器人组成的视觉测量系统,利用齐次坐标变换的方法建立了测量系统的数学模型;然后针对数学模型中的手眼关系,使用半径已知的球体,采用定点变位姿的方法,进行粗略的估计,并对手眼关系求解的精度进行分析;最后采用动态改变变异率的自适应差异进化算法对手眼关系做进一步寻优。实验结果表明,算法具有较高的求解精度。该方法用于手眼标定是可行的、有效的,整个标定过程简单,便于实际应用。     

A New Pseudospectral Method for Calculations of Hydrogen Atom in Arbitrary External Fields

A new pseudospectral method was introduced to calculate wavefunctions and energy levels of hydrogen atom in arbitrary potential.Some results of hydrogen atom in uniform magnetic fields were presented,high accuracy of results was obtained with simple calculations,and our calculations show very fast convergence.It suggests a new method for calculations of hydrogen atom in external fields.     

Ionization Waves in Glow Discharges with Non-Uniform Magnetic Fields

The properties of ionization waves self-excited in glow discharges with a non-uniform axial magnetic fields are investigated experimentally. The fundamental frequency remains almost constant over the tube for the variable magnetic fields, while the amplitude decreases with increasing the field. The wavelength becomes longer at the cathode side of the magnetic coil and shorter at the anode side with increasing the local magnetic field. The dependence of the wavelength on the magnetic field is explained by the changes of the axial electric field in the non-uniform magnetic field.     

一种测量热电材料塞贝克系数的新方法

本文提出了一种新颖、可靠的测量微纳米尺度热电转换材料塞贝克系数的2ω自加热法.给被测样品通一频率为ω的交变电流,焦耳效应会在样品上产生一个频率为2ω的温度振荡.对于热电材料,由于塞贝克效应,将会产生频率为2ω的塞贝克电压.获取2ω电压信号,同时理论求解得到2ω的温度振荡量,将可得到被测热电材料的塞贝克系数.通过直径为2...     

一种时间分辨激光诱导击穿光谱的测量方法

激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)是一种动态光谱。时间分辨LIBS光谱测量是研究激光诱导等离子体演化和谱线自吸收的重要技术。结合激光诱导击穿光谱测量的时序特性,提出一种利用常规性能光谱探测设备获得微秒级时间分辨LIBS光谱的测量方法。通过控制毫秒级光谱探测设备的积分延迟时间,获得不同延时下的LIBS光谱信号,对所得光谱进行处理得到相应特征谱线拟合强度,将所测的特征谱线强度按照一定的时间间隔进行差分,得到差值即为差分间隔时间内特征谱线的积分强度。采用差分时间间隔应大于系统最差时序精度,同时优选无重叠干扰和背底连续的谱线信号进行分析。以等离子体产生后持续时间为横坐标,计算所得谱线差值强度为纵坐标,即可获得特征谱线的强度演化曲线。通过实验验证,使用积分时间为毫秒量级光谱仪和时序精度为0.021微秒控制系统,该方法可以实现微秒量级时间分辨LIBS光谱测量,可用于表征LIBS光谱特征谱线演化过程,降低了LIBS光谱时间分辨测量系统成本。     

A New Method for Accurately Measuring Temperature Dependence of Refractive Index

A new high-accuracy method for measuring temperature dependence of refractive index is proposed and applied to some polymer waveguides. The method uses 3 m-lines from a grating coupler on the waveguide surface, and has an accuracy of better than 1 × 10^–5 (1/°C). The grating period dependent on the temperature does not affect the accuracy. The measurement thermo-optic (TO) coefficients of polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are strongly dependent on the waveguide structure in contrast with the previously reported value. It is found that the TM-mode refractive index of UV-curing polymer (J-91) increases with the increase in temperature, contrary to common expectations for polymers. A highly efficient TO switch is expected using the J-91 polymer waveguide.     

一种基于分光计测量透明液体折射率的新方法

提出了一种测量透明液体折射率的新方法。该方法基于分光计的拓展性应用,利用激光准直的特点并结合自制的液体容器,实现了液体折射率的快速准确测量。     

一种测量磁光阱中冷原子密度和温度的新方法

报道了对磁光阱中冷铯原子吸收谱的实验观察,由于冷原子的多普勒增宽远小于激光发态超精细分裂,实验观察到三个孤立的吸收峰（Cs,6S1/2,F=4→6P3／2,F＝3,4,5,）其吸收系数比为3：7：12,这与相应跃迁振子强度一致。利用吸收信号测量了冷原子云的密度.结果与荧光探测法在10％的精度内符合;用吸收信号测量了冷原子的温度,测量结果与用荧光飞行时间法和释放捕捉法的结果吻合。     

Prebreakdown Currents and Breakdown Potentials in Longitudinal Magnetic Fields

The influence of longitudinal magnetic field on breakdown potentials in dry air with plane parallel geometry has been investigated experimentally. The pressure range was from 0.364 to 0.5 torr and the range of the magnetic field was from 0 to 2050 G. It was found that the introduction of the magnetic field decreased the breakdown potentials at all the pressures studied. Prebreakdown currents were measured with and without the magnetic field. It was observed that the prebreakdown current changed significantly with the introduction of the magnetic field in the breakdown region.     

Inter‐Electrode Distance and Breakdown Voltage in Low Pressure Argon Discharges

This work deals with the Paschen law in electrical breakdown of gases at pd values around the Paschen minimum. From the Townsend model, it is possible to deduce theoretical forms of the coefficients in Paschen's law, of which our calculated values are in the range of the tabulated values from the literature. These formulae show that the breakdown voltage must be influenced by the inter‐electrode distance, while the product pd remains a key parameter. This is confirmed by the Paschen curves measured in an argon discharge for inter‐electrode distances varying from 2 to 9 cm (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

稻米淀粉崩解值的近红外透射光谱法测定

以203份稻米为样品,近红外透射光谱分析仪,对样品进行光谱扫描,并用快速粘度分析仪测定稻米淀粉崩解值.采用改进的偏最小二乘法进行定标模型的建立,得到了稻米淀粉崩解值测定的近红外分析模型的定标标准偏差(SEC)、交叉检验标准误差(SECV)和定标决定系数(RSQ)分别为:10.62、10.8和0.984,内部交叉验证的经校正的工作标准差(SEP)、检验偏差(BIAS)和交叉检验相关系数(1-VR)分别为:6.139、-0.362和0.939,相关性达极显著水平.内部交又验证和外部验证结果表明近红外定量分析崩解值有很高的准确度.近红外透射光谱技术为快速准确无损测定黏滞特性指标提供了一条新途径.     

Microwave Breakdown Field in a Resonant Spherical Cavity

In the present work, the microwave breakdown threshold in a gas‐filled spherical resonator, is determined for the case when the cavity is excited in its lowest order mode, which implies that the microwave field strength depends on both radius and azimuthal angle. A semi‐analytical approximation of the breakdown threshold is found using a direct variational approach. The variational predictions are compared with the results of full numerical calculations and demonstrate very good agreement     

一种测量糖溶液旋光率的新方法和MATLAB分析

利用光学实验中常用的分光计、偏振器和自制的读数盘通过组装搭建形成一种可以用来测量偏转角和旋光率的系统(简称直读式分光计旋光仪)。利用该系统测量了蔗糖旋光率,与传统的WXG-4旋光仪比较,实验结果的相对误差小于0.3%。实验现象明显,读数方便快捷。通过MATLAB分析了WXG-4型旋光仪和自制旋光仪实验数据,发现两种数据相似度极高。该自主改装的"直读式分光计旋光仪"可以作为一种测量糖溶液旋光率的新方法。