Ag/mSiO2空心微球的制备及SERS标记性能

以聚苯乙烯微球为模板, 经过原位还原和种子生长过程在聚苯乙烯微球表面包覆银(Ag)纳米粒子; 以正硅酸乙酯为硅源, 在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的导向下实现介孔二氧化硅(mSiO₂)可控包覆, 去除模板得到Ag/mSiO₂空心微球. 透射电子显微镜(TEM)和氮气吸附-脱附分析结果表明, SiO₂壳层厚度约为20 nm, 介孔孔径为2.1 nm, 孔道分布均匀. 进一步利用虹吸作用使对巯基苯胺(4-ATP)分子进入微球内与Ag粒子结合, 构建表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)标记材料. SERS测试结果表明, 该标记材料检测限达到10^-7 mol/L, SERS增强因子达到3.7×10⁵.     

基于柔性SERS基底拉曼光谱法快速检测水果表面的福美双

采用海胆状金纳米粒子(GNUs)柔性表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底,检测了水果表皮的福美双残留。GNUs表面尖锐的突起能够极大增强周围电磁场,提高检测灵敏度。与普通柔性基底相比,这种高粘性的SERS基底具有不易老化和不易脱胶等优点。评估了SERS基底的灵敏度、重现性和稳定性。通过简单的"粘贴-剥离"法,利用组装的柔性基底对雪花梨表面的福美双残留进行了原位检测。在1×10^-10～1×10^-4mol/L范围内,雪花梨表面的福美双浓度的对数与SERS强度呈线性关系,GNUs柔性基底对福美双的检测限为92 pmol/L,方法可用于食品安全、环境检测、公共安全等领域。     

山莓状Au-树脂微球的制备及SERS性能

采用抗坏血酸在室温下液相还原AuCl₄^--阴离子交换树脂微球, 同时实现Au微柱的形成及在树脂表面的阵列型组装, 低成本高通量地得到山莓状Au-树脂微球; 以苯硫酚为探针考察了山莓状Au-树脂微球用作表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性基底的性能, 结果表明, Au-树脂微球具有良好的Raman增强效应(增强因子EF达到10⁸～10⁹量级), 且有很高的重现性和稳定性, Raman信号强度和EF的相对标准偏差(RSD)为(35±5)%.     

花状银微纳米结构的合成及SERS性质

通过简便的水溶液方法制备出一种新颖的由纳米片组成的花状银微纳米结构, 采用XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM和SAED等手段进行了表征. 考察了反应体系pH值对产物形貌的影响, 并对花状银微纳米结构的形成机理进行了初步探讨. 所制得的微纳米结构由许多纵横交错的纳米片组成. 实验结果表明, 制备的银微纳米结构作为表面增强拉曼散射(Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering, SERS)的基底具有很强的活性.     

TiN纳米管的制备及其作为SERS基底的应用

采用阳极氧化法在钛片表面制备TiO₂纳米管阵列,并经氨气氮化得到TiN纳米管阵列,通过XRD、SEM、XPS、UV-Vis对基底的组成、形貌和光学性能进行了表征,并以罗丹明6G（R6G）为探针分子,对TiN基底的SERS活性进行检测。结果显示,TiO₂纳米管经800℃以上高温可转化为TiN纳米管,纳米管直径在100~200 nm,排列规整有序。氮化后的样品在500~600 nm处出现TiN的等离子体共振吸收峰,该基底显示出较高的SERS活性,对R6G分子的检测极限可达~10^-7 mol·L^-1,增强因子达~10⁵。     

复合SERS基底的构建及性质

通过自组装方法以对巯基苯胺(PATP)为偶联分子, 在石英基片上构筑了多种形貌的银钠米粒子单层结构和三明治结构. 研究了组装膜在不同激发线下表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)的增强差异. 研究结果表明, 单层基底和三明治基底中偶联分子的SERS信号因银纳米粒子间的电磁场耦合而显著增强, 且在三明治结构中增强更加明显. 对复合SERS基底增强因子进行计算可知, 复合SERS基底的表面等离子体共振(SPR)峰与激发线的匹配程度越好, 其增强因子越大. 在三明治结构中更易发生PATP分子转变为对巯基偶氮苯(DMAB)分子的激光诱导催化偶联反应. 另外, 该激光诱导催化偶联反应与激发波长密切相关.     

基于疏水滤纸的金纳米花SERS 基底高灵敏检测牛奶中的三聚氰胺

将海胆状金纳米花(gold nanoflowers, GNFs)疏水滤纸基底和表面增强拉曼散射(surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS)技术相结合,实现了牛奶中三聚氰胺的高灵敏检测。由左旋多巴还原制备的GNFs拥有许多尖锐突起和尖端可激发强局部电磁场增强(electromagnetic enhancement, EM),产生大量的“热点”,提高SERS检测的灵敏度。采用疏水滤纸作为衬底,改进了纸基衬底上纳米材料分布不均匀的缺点。进而评估了SERS基底的灵敏度、稳定性和重现性。通过对加标牛奶中三聚氰胺的定量检测,在1×10_-3^~1×10_-9 ^mol/L范围内,牛奶中三聚氰胺的浓度对数与SERS强度呈良好的线性关系,检测限低至43 pmol/L,远低于同类检测方法。并且本方法检测实际样品结果与液相色谱法检测结果对比无显著性差异(p>0.05)。GNFs疏水滤纸SERS基底具有高灵敏度、稳定性、重现性和实用性的优点,为牛奶等其他食品中三聚氰胺的定量检测提供了参考价值。     

银、金碳纳米复合材料的制备及SERS性能研究

表面增强拉曼散射技术是一种重要且功能强大的分析工具,在环境监测、化学分析和生物医学研究中备受关注。在本文中,我们提出了一种简易的方法来制备不同形貌的银碳纳米复合材料和金碳纳米复合材料。采用一步水热法,以三辛胺为表面活性剂和软模板,通过改变三辛胺的添加量,制备得到不同形貌的复合材料。在整个反应过程中,葡萄糖、硝酸银和TOA之间具有明显的协同效应。通过多次拉曼测试结的果分析,我们推测制备得到一种具有长期稳定性和优异增强性的材料,适合作为甲基紫分子的拉曼增强基底。     

基于SERS技术的核酸检测

表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）技术因其具有超灵敏和非破坏性的检测能力,在生命科学领域已经显示出巨大的应用潜力和研究价值。本文综述了SERS技术在核酸检测方面的最新研究进展,重点介绍了基于SERS技术的非标记型、标记型以及其他一些检测方法的原理及研究成果,并讨论了基于SERS的核酸检测技术有待进一步解决的关键问题。     

表面增强拉曼散射效应无标记、无分离检测三聚氰胺

利用纳米金的表面增强拉曼效应,建立了一种快速、灵敏、无标记、无分离的检测三聚氰胺的分析方法。通过柠檬酸钠还原法制得平均粒径为30 nm的纳米金溶胶,利用Au–S之间的共价键作用,将对巯基苯硼酸(4-MPBA)自组装到纳米金的表面,构建了一个三聚氰胺的检测平台。当溶液中存在三聚氰胺(MA)时,MA与4-MPBA之间存在强烈的氢键作用,使4-MPBA功能化的纳米金发生聚集。而且,MA的浓度越高,纳米金的聚集程度越大,形成的"热点"越多,4-MPBA和MA的拉曼信号越强。4-MPBA与MA的拉曼特征峰分别位于1076和715 cm!1处,若以I715与I1076的比值为依据,便可以实现三聚氰胺的定性及定量的检测,线性检测范围为0.1~1.5μmol/L,检出限(LOD)为0.02μmol/L。     

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for probing internal cellular structure and dynamics

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) provides vibrational information about molecules that are located within several nanometers of the surface of a metallic nanoparticle. This review describes the various challenges and successes of applying SERS inside living cells in order to gain information about the internal structure and dynamic processes occurring in the intracellular matrix. In particular, the challenges associated with the introduction of metal nanoparticles into cells are described, as well as the complexity of interpreting SERS spectra from within complex biological environments. Strategies for understanding and improving the specificity of SERS in vivo are also presented.

A gold@silica core–shell nanoparticle-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering biosensor for label-free glucose detection

The gold nanostar@silica core–shell nanoparticles conjugated with glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme molecules have been developed as the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensor for label-free detection of glucose. The surface-immobilized GOx enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of glucose, producing hydrogen peroxide. Under laser excitation, the produced H₂O₂ molecules near the Au nanostar@silica nanoparticles generate a strong SERS signal, which is used to measure the glucose concentration. The SERS signal of nanostar@silica∼GOx nanoparticle-based sensing assay shows the dynamic response to the glucose concentration range from 25 μM to 25 mM in the aqueous solution with the limit of detection of 16 μM. The sensing assay does not show any interference when glucose co-exists with both ascorbic acid and uric acid. The sensor can be applied to a saliva sample.     

半导体纳米材料作为表面增强拉曼散射基底的研究进展

在总结半导体纳米材料作为表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底的一些相关研究工作的基础上, 讨论了半导体纳米粒子SERS基底的增强效应与纳米材料的种类、尺寸的相关性; 对半峰宽、激发波长进行了分析, 并对半导体纳米材料作为SERS基底时, 化学增强、电磁增强、纳米半导体缺陷和激子波尔半径的影响等进行了阐述.     

Interaction of soil humic acids with herbicide paraquat analyzed by surface-enhanced Raman scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy on silver plasmonic nanoparticles

A study of the interaction between paraquat (methyl viologen) and humic acids, extracted from a soil amended over 30 years with crop residues, cow slurries and cattle manure, was carried out by two emission spectroscopies based on plasmonic effects: surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF). To carry out this study Ag nanoparticles were used. The complex formation was tested by analyzing the effect of the herbicide on humic acids, and by varying experimental parameters such as the pH and the laser excitation wavelength. The study of the vibrational bands led to infer information about the interaction mechanism of paraquat with humic acids and to find a correlation between this interaction and the humic acids structural modification induced by the different amendments added to soil.     

Raman and Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering of Chlorophenols

Raman spectrum is a powerful analytical tool for determining the chemical information of compounds. In this study, we obtained analytical results of chlorophenols(CPs) molecules including 4-chlorophenol(4-CP), 2,6-dich- lorophenol(2,6-DCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP) on the surface of Ag dendrites by surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) spectra. SEM images indicate that the SERS substrate of Ag dendrites is composed of a large number of polygonal nanocrystallites, which self-assembled into a 3D hierarchical structure. It was found that there were distinct differences for those three molecules from Raman and SERS spectra. This indicates that SERS could be a new tool of detection technique regarding trace amounts of CPs.     

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for perchlorate detection using cystamine-modified gold nanoparticles

Perchlorate (ClO₄⁻) has recently emerged as a widespread environmental contaminant found in groundwater and surface water, and there is a great need for rapid detection and monitoring of this contaminant. This study presents a new technique using cystamine-modified gold nanoparticles as a substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of perchlorate at low concentrations. A detection limit of 5 × 10⁻⁶ M (0.5 mg/L) has been achieved using this method without sample preconcentration. This result was attributed to a strong plasmon enhancement by gold metal surfaces and the electrostatic attraction of ClO₄⁻ onto positively charged, cystamine-modified gold nanoparticles at a low pH. The methodology also was found to be reproducible, quantitative, and not susceptible to significant interference from the presence of anions such as sulfate, phosphate, nitrate and chloride at concentrations <1 mM, making it potentially suitable for rapid screening and routine analysis of perchlorate in environmental samples.     

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy signals of mixed pesticides and their identification

A rapid and sensitive method to identify and analyze mixed pesticides of tricyclazole,paraquat and flusilazole by surface-enhanced Raman scattering has been reported.Aqueous samples can be detected by SERS in low concentrations of 0.01 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L and 2.85 mg/L for individual tricyclazole,paraquat and flusilazole respectively.When mixing the three pesticides in the low concentrations,their characteristic peaks can still be identified from the SERS spectrum of the mixture.     

表面增强拉曼散射光谱研究聚苯胺纳米棒的构象转变

采用电化学沉积法制备了聚苯胺(Polyaniline,PANI)纳米棒、树枝状银和纳米颗粒银基体。并利用表面增强拉曼散射光谱技术(Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering,SERS)研究了PANI纳米棒的分子链在Ag金属表面的构象变化。实验结果表明由于Ag金属表面的等离子共振效应,PANI分子中N原子的孤对电子与Ag的自由电子产生共轭效应,使得PANI分子链上的电荷重新分布,结果 C—H面内弯曲振动频率和C—C键的伸缩频率向低波数方向移动(蓝移);拉曼散射频率增强的基团在金属表面倾向垂直于分子链的主轴,拉曼散射频率减弱的基团在金属表面倾向平行于分子链主轴。     

纳米TiO2的光致发光性能与SERS效应的关系

以采用溶胶-水热法制备的纯TiO₂及Zn掺杂的TiO₂纳米粒子作为SERS活性基底, 研究了其光致发光机制及其与表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)性能的关系. 结果表明, TiO₂纳米粒子的表面缺陷和氧空位等表面性质在其光致发光和增强拉曼散射性能中发挥着重要的作用. 在表面缺陷和氧空位含量较低时, TiO₂纳米粒子的光致发光光谱(PL)信号越强, 其SERS性能就越高; 当TiO₂纳米粒子的表面缺陷和氧空位含量达到一定程度时, TiO₂纳米粒子的PL信号越弱, 其SERS性能越高.     

Optofluidic microsystem with quasi-3 dimensional gold plasmonic nanostructure arrays for online sensitive and reproducible SERS detection

Practical applications of chemical and biological detections through surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) require high reproducibility, sensitivity, and efficiency, along with low-cost, straightforward fabrication. In this work, we integrated a poly-(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) chip with quasi-3D gold plasmonic nanostructure arrays (Q3D-PNAs), which serve as SERS-active substrates, into an optofluidic microsystem for online sensitive and reproducible SERS detections. The Q3D-PNA PDMS chip was fabricated through soft lithography to ensure both precision and low-cost fabrication. The optimal dimension of the Q3D-PNA in PDMS was designed using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) electromagnetic simulations with a simulated enhancement factor (EF) of 1.6 × 10⁶. The real-time monitoring capability of the SERS-based optofluidic microsystem was investigated by kinetic on/off experiments through alternatively flowing Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and ethanol in the microfluidic channel. A switch-off time of ∼2 min at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min⁻¹ was demonstrated. When applied to the detection of low concentration malathion, the SERS-based optofluidic microsystem with Q3D-PNAs showed high reproducibility, significantly improved efficiency and higher detection sensitivity via increasing the flow rate. The optofluidic microsystem presented in this paper offers a simple and low-cost approach for online, label-free chemical and biological analysis and sensing with high sensitivity, reproducibility, efficiency, and molecular specificity.