用于检测设备标定的标准头盔瞄准具设计

为标定和校准头盔瞄准具检测设备,提出一种新的光学结构,并设计了一款标准头盔显示系统（HMD）。该系统采用球面共轴设计,在有限体积的限制下满足了低畸变、高清晰的光学指标要求。利用对称性光学设计原则分步设计,设计的标准HMD系统出瞳清晰,可保证系统各种光学像差的综合校正。针对1．27cm（1／2in）微显示器设计了视场为30°、出瞳距离为75mm的标准HMD光学系统,各视场在分辨率30lp／mm处的MTF值均大于0．3,系统畸变小于0．9％。设计的标准HMD光学系统形式简单、结构紧凑,光学性能优良,可作为头盔瞄准具检测设备标准件。     

A robust security framework for 3D images

Abstract  

Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of spatial and non-spatial data is a well-established practice having numerous applications. The cheapest and the most efficient way to 3D visualization is 3D images/Anaglyphs. 3D images contain 3D information of the objects present in the image. These images are easily obtained by superimposing left and right eye images in different color in a single image. In this paper, a novel security framework, viz., watermarking scheme, is presented to ensure their security. The proposed security framework is employed in fractional Fourier transform domain of secret color channel followed by the embedding using singular value decomposition. The secret channels (SEC) are obtained by applying reversible integer transform on the RGB channels. The experimental results prove the robustness and imperceptibility of the proposed watermarking scheme.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

新型微弱光光度校准装置的建立

利用光强可调型双积分球微弱光源实现了微弱光照度的校准。介绍了微弱光光度校准装置的结构、双积分球光源设计原理及其量值溯源方法。分析了装置的稳定性、线性、辐射场均匀性、色温变化、衰减光阑倍率等计量特性。对装置的测量不确定度进行了分析。装置量程为10~(-1)～10~(-6)lx,不确定度U=1.6%(k=2)。     

Robust estimation of spectral reflectance by a projector-camera system

A Projector-camera （Procam） system is an inexpensive, household, controllable system that can be used to eliminate inter-reflection existing in the measurement. We propose an estimation method for spectral reflectance that uses the Procam system. The method recovers reflectance from the training set constructed by a known reflectance and the corresponding 9D color-mixing matrix. Experiment results show that our method performs well with 9D response, and the local weighted training set based on Mahalanobis metric can enhance the accuracy of result efficiently.     

A practical means for calibrating an LED-based photometric stereo system

Conventional Photometric Stereo (PS) techniques are usually based on the assumption that the light sources are assumed sufficiently far from the object that all incoming light can be modeled using parallel rays. Meanwhile, for near-field lighting conditions the light sources are close to the object so the parallel ray model cannot be used. To determine the surface normal for each point on the object more accurately, the incoming light direction should be calculated individually for each point. In this work, based on a simple PS setup consisting of LED lamps and one camera, we present a practical method for calibrating lighting directions. First, an optical model of an LED was introduced in the calibration procedure to represent the surface irradiance and image irradiance more accurately. A reference sphere was used for the calibration so that the LED optical axis could be estimated by extracting the specular points from the reference sphere. By introducing the LED emitting model, distance between the LED and the specular point along the optical axis can be calculated. Thus, the incident lighting directions for various image points can be estimated individually. To improve the estimation robustness, a non-linear fitting approach was also applied. Experiments were conducted using objects and the results are compared with traditional methods to demonstrate its feasibility and improvement.     

A high-precision angular control system for HIFU calibration

A design of high-precision angular position control system for calibrating high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is presented with alignment procedures. Two independent angular controls are achieved by combining a worm gear and a belt gear system. The proposed system verifies alignment by comparing simulation data and experimental data with three different transducers and two different types of hydrophones. The performance of the proposed system is compared to that of a commercial system. The results indicate that the proposed system provides high precision angular alignment (e.g., <0.01 radians) with robust reproducibility regardless of the hydrophone type.     

A spatial calibration method for master-slave surveillance system

The master-slave surveillance system uses stationary-dynamic camera assemblies to achieve wide-area surveillance and selective focus-of-interest. In such a system, a stationary fish-eye camera monitors a panoramic field of environment from a distance, while a dynamic PTZ (Pan–Tilt–Zoom) dome camera is commanded to acquire high-resolution images from a focused direction and provide multi-scale zoomed-in information. In order to achieve the precise interaction, pre-processing spatial calibration between these two cameras is required. This paper introduces a novel vision based calibration approach to automatically calculate a transformation matrix model between the fish-eye coordinate system and the PTZ dome coordinate system by matching feature points in the scene. The experiment has demonstrated the effectiveness of using this method with high accuracy in short calibration time.     

偶极子接收换能器驻波场校准系统的研究

本文研究了设计偶极子接收换能器的驻波场校准系统，利用该系统可以实现偶极子类型接收换能器的校准，包括接收灵敏度及偶极子方向性的测量，频率范围为２０－２０００Ｈｚ校准误差小于１ｄＢ。     

数字电视的光色计量及其装置

结合市面上常见数字电视器件CRT,LCD,PDP等的显示原理及特性，具体讲解光色计量指标测量方法及原理，系统量值传递是通过国家色度和亮度基准标准灯来完成的。利用虚拟仪器技术建立的数据采集及分析系统，可对待测仪器的参数进行实时数据检测和数据分析。整个测试系统亮度和色坐标不确定度小于2%和0.005. 通过对市场主流电视产品的集中检测，将其相对光谱功率分布、亮度、色坐标、亮度不均匀性及对比度等综合参数进行对比，给出了测试结果及各种电视性能分析，为数字彩色电视计量工作提供了参考。     

LED广色域投影显示系统实时色域校准的研究

针对LED广色域投影显示系统中色域过大带来颜色失真的问题,在时序工作方式中,采用在一个基色光工作时,同时加入一定比例的其他基色光作为辅助光,将该基色光的色品坐标移到所需位置的色域校准方法。另外,为了避免LED一致性差异和环境温度变化及工作时间对LED主波长和色品坐标造成的影响,提出利用一组XYZ色度传感器实时测量并反馈三基色LED色品坐标的方法。该方法通过对色域校准算法编程实现实时色域校准,达到了正确显示颜色的目的。     

A robust decentralized reputation management system for service selection

Reputation mechanism is a novel approach to automate QoS-aware service selection in service oriented computing. The reputation system collects ratings on QoS that consumers feedback and aggregates them to derive a reputation value, which can in turn assist other consumers in service selection in future. However, current approaches fail to combat the malicious ratings and hence the calculated reputation values can be biased severely or even manipulated. Moreover, the centralized management of rating data restricts its application to large open environment. In this paper, we present a robust decentralized reputation system which can resist various unfair ratings and manipulation behaviours. It can evolve and become more mature against malicious ratings with the system running continuously. At last, we experimentally verify the robustness of the proposed approach through a simulation study.     

A stable and robust calibration scheme of the log-periodic power law model

We present a simple transformation of the formulation of the log-periodic power law formula of the Johansen–Ledoit–Sornette (JLS) model of financial bubbles that reduces it to a function of only three nonlinear parameters. The transformation significantly decreases the complexity of the fitting procedure and improves its stability tremendously because the modified cost function is now characterized by good smooth properties with in general a single minimum in the case where the model is appropriate to the empirical data. We complement the approach with an additional subordination procedure that slaves two of the nonlinear parameters to the most crucial nonlinear parameter, the critical time _tc$t_c$, defined in the JLS model as the end of the bubble and the most probable time for a crash to occur. This further decreases the complexity of the search and provides an intuitive representation of the results of the calibration. With our proposed methodology, metaheuristic searches are not longer necessary and one can resort solely to rigorous controlled local search algorithms, leading to a dramatic increase in efficiency. Empirical tests on the Shanghai Composite index (SSE) from January 2007 to March 2008 illustrate our findings.     

Generalized framework for robust design of tuned mass damper systems

The primary purpose of this contribution is to develop a novel framework for generalized robust design of tuned mass damper (TMD) systems as passive vibration controllers for uncertain structures. This versatile strategy is intended to be free of any restriction on the structure-TMD system configuration, the performance criterion, and the number of uncertain parameters. The main idea pursued is to adopt methods and concepts from the robust control literature, including: (1) the linear fractional transformation (LFT) formulation pertaining to the structured singular value (μ) framework; (2) the concept of weighted multi-input multi-output (MIMO) norms for characterizing performance; and (3) a worst-case performance assessment method to avoid the unacceptable computation burden involved with exhaustive search or Monte Carlo methods in the presence of multiple uncertainties. Based on these, the robust design framework is organized into four steps: (1) modeling and casting the overall dynamics into the proposed LFT framework that isolates the TMD system as the controller, and the uncertainties as a structured perturbation to the nominal dynamics; (2) setting up the optimization problem based on generalized indices of nominal performance, robustness, and worst-case performance; (3) implementing a genetic algorithm (GA) for solution of the optimization problem; and (4) post-processing the results for systematic visualization, validation, and selection of preferred designs. This strategy has been implemented on several illustrative design examples involving a seismically excited multi-story building with different combinations of assumptions on the uncertainty, TMD configuration, excitation scenarios, and performance criteria. The resulting solution sets have been studied through various post-processing methods, including visualization of Pareto fronts, uncertain frequency response plots, time-domain simulations, and random vibration analysis.     

A novel TCF calibration method for robotic visual measurement system

An accurate TCF (tool control frame) model is essential for high-accuracy robot off-line programming. Meanwhile, TCF calibration is an important procedure for production recovery after robot collides in industrial field. This article proposes a novel TCF calibration method in robotic visual measurement system in which the robot TCF is defined based on the model of visual sensor and a standard sphere with known diameter is utilized as the calibration target. With the translational and rotational movements of the industrial robot, the visual senor measures the center of standard sphere from multiple different robot postures, TCF orientation and TCP position are determined in two steps. Robot off-line programming is performed based on the TCF calibration result, and robot collision is simulated on an ABB IRB2400 industrial robot. Experimental results have validated the effectiveness and efficiency of the standard sphere-based TCF calibration method, which could control the deviation of an identical featured point within 0.5 mm measured before and after collision recovery.     

A LabVIEW-based real-time measurement system for polarization detection and calibration

A rapid real-time polarization measurement system was designed and implemented in this paper. The system is centered round a computer running application developed for the purpose. The paper illustrates how to build such an excellent application with National Instruments’ graphical programming language LabVIEW, a synchronized high speed multi-channels data acquisition card and some photoelectric conversion module in detail. With simple and friendly user interface, the experimental result shows that the measurement system has high computational efficiency, high precision calibration matrix, which can be efficiently utilized in experiments relating to the measurement of polarization.     

CE-1干涉成像光谱仪数据光度校正与反射率计算

干涉成像光谱仪(interference imaging spectrometer,IIS)是嫦娥1号探月卫星(chang'e-1,CE-1)搭载的有效载荷,具有图谱合一的特点,用于实现月表重要元素及矿物类型的分布与含量分析的科学目标.由于观测条件的不一致,IIS获取的不同区域的月表数据明暗差异显著,因此,必须要进行光度校正,以消除由于观测条件不一致而引起的目标辐射特性的不均一性.文章在分析IIS数据特点的基础上,利用改进的Lommel-Seeliger模型对辐射定标后的IIS辐亮度数据进行逐像素光度校正;选定距离Apollo16着陆点最近的一块区域作为定标区,利用实验室测得的62231月壤样品双向反射率作为校正标准进行辐亮度到反射率的计算,得到CE-1 IIS反射率数据,并选择71501月壤样品对反射率计算结果进行精度评价.该工作对于月表矿物类型识别和信息提取、不同类型月表矿物与岩石的分布图绘制等具有重要意义.     

Local dimming algorithm and color gamut calibration for RGB LED backlight LCD display

A 32 in RGB LED backlight unit is developed. A local dimming algorithm is designed for the backlight, and grid-noise artifacts in the LC driving signal are successfully removed with consideration of the backlight distribution to provide identical intensity from each LED block. The 32 in RGB LED backlight LCD display has achieved a static display contrast of over 20000:1 and an average power reduction of 30%. We have also obtained the color gamut transformation matrix for transferring a cold cathode fluorescent lamp BLU LCD display gamut system to our RGB LED BLU LCD display gamut system, and extended the color saturation by suppositional color expansion method. As a result, the color has been accurately reproduced in RGB LED BLU LCD display with more richness and more saturation.     

一种鲁棒性强的OFDM 水声通信系统*

为了在不同衰落水声信道下实现正交频分复用水声通信,该文提出了一种鲁棒性强的正交频分复用水声通信方案,方案包括编码调制、信道估计和多普勒估计等内容。为了使该系统更稳健,整个信道编码分为两个步骤。首先,循环冗余校验编码器和里德-所罗门编码器用于编码整个数据包,然后循环冗余校验编码器和Turbo 编码器用于编码每个数据帧,其中比特交织编码调制技术用来对抗信道的时变特性。为了得到水声信道估计,使用线性最小均方误差估计器来处理导频数据得到信道估计值。多普勒估计包括帧的多普勒估计和符号的多普勒估计。实验结果表明该系统在不同的衰落信道下都能实现正确的跟踪和译码,系统的鲁棒性能优越。此外,该系统算法计算简单,易于实现,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

高精度太赫兹探测器响应度定标系统

为了保障太赫兹探测器测试的准确度和可信度,对太赫兹探测器响应度定标溯源技术进行研究,针对常用太赫兹探测器黑体辐射测试技术存在对环境、设备要求高和搭建难度大等问题,以中国计量科学研究院的热电型太赫兹探测器作为计量标准,提出一种校准方案,设计搭建了一套太赫兹探测器响应度定标系统。为提高定标准确度,实验测试了定标光学系统的光束质量,并合理设置光阑孔径以满足定标要求。在0.1 THz频点处对2个响应度未知的场效应自混频太赫兹探测器进行响应度定标。结果表明,定标的相对扩展不确定度为6.80% (k=2),验证了定标系统的可行性,系统可实现太赫兹探测器功率响应度溯源到国家激光功率标准,保障太赫兹功率测量的准确可靠。