CO2水合物生长特性的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学对CO2水合物生长进行模拟并分析其变化规律,探究了CO2水合物晶体生长的微观过程以及不同温度、压力条件对水合物生长特性的影响机理. CO2水合物的生长是从已有晶胞附近向外扩散并逐具有序性的过程,水分子间逐渐形成四面体氢键与CO2共同形成完整的水合物笼. 另外, CO2水合物生长需要合适的过冷度,在压力为30MPa、温度范围265K至275K,水合物笼型晶胞可正常生成,并且温度越低,生成速率越快;在高温290K和300K时,体系分子运动加剧,水合物笼直接散开. 此外,在温度为270K、不同压力条件下,发现相较温度而言,由于CO2溶解度随压力变化的不明显性,导致CO2水合物增长速度伴随压力的变化相对不敏感.     

金属纳米颗粒对水合物的导热影响

使用分子动力学模拟方法,在温度为200－280K的NVT系综下,对纳米粒子－CO2水合物复合体系进行模拟计算,研究了不同种类（Ag, Cu, Fe）、不同粒径 (1.0nm, 1.5nm, 2.0nm) 的球形纳米粒子对水合物导热性能的影响,从体系构型、导热系数、纳米粒子运动速度等方面探究纳米粒子对水合物导热性能的强化机理。 模拟结果表明,纳米粒子的加入,不影响水合物导热率与温度的相关性;与同温度下纯质CO2体系相比,粒径相同时,Ag、Cu、Fe的复合体系导热增长率分别为25.6%－43.8%、19.4%－31.9%、6.9%－17.6%,纳米Ag导热增强效果最好;对于同一粒子,粒径越小,整体的导热能力越强,粒径1.0nm、1.5nm、2.0nm的复合体系导热增长率分别为28.2%－39.8%、19.4%－31.9%和7.5%－17.1%。     

铂薄膜导热特性的分子动力学模拟

采用非平衡态分子动力学(NEMD)方法模拟分析了纳米铂(Pt)薄膜的导热性能与脉冲激光作用下的温度响应特性.结果表明,100～500 nm铂薄膜的法向导热系数比体材料值低很多,而且低于其面向导热系数;微米铂薄膜的温度响应时间在纳秒量级;在脉冲加热的初始阶段,有一快速非傅立叶热波沿铂薄膜的厚度方向传递.     

整体煤气化联合循环合成气水合物法分离CO2的分子动力学模拟

利用分子动力学（MD）模拟方法研究整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）合成气（CO₂/H₂）水合物法分离CO₂的分离机理,系统研究了CO₂水合物、H₂水合物以及合成气水合物法一级分离所得CO₂/H₂混合气体水合物的微观结构及性质.模拟分析n个CO₂或H₂与水合物笼状结构的整体结合能ΔE关键词： 水合物法分离 分子动力学模拟 整体煤气化联合循环合成气 2分离')" href="#">CO₂分离     

水导热系数的分子动力学模拟

本文选用平衡分子动力学模拟方法,应用不同的势能模型对强极性分子水的导热系数进行了模拟计算.结果表明,用分子动力学模拟方法计算水的导热系数时,模拟结果对模型的选取极为敏感.在目前应用较为广泛的几种模型中以TIP4P模型较为适用,所得的导热系数与实验值较为接近.     

储氢笼型水合物生成促进机理的分子动力学模拟研究

用分子动力学(MD)模拟方法研究水合物法储氢的促进机理,系统研究纯H₂水合物、H₂+四氢呋喃(THF)水合物、H₂+四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)半笼型水合物和H₂+四异戊基溴化铵(TiAAB)半笼型水合物的微观结构及性质.模拟分析客体与笼子之间的稳定能ΔE_GH,得出水合物中大笼子对稳定水合物起到主要作用.THF进入大笼子能促进H₂水合物稳定,降低H₂水合物形成压力,模拟结果与实验一致.模拟对比不同客体在大笼子中的ΔE_GH值,得出从小到大的顺序依次为TiAAB,TBAB,THF,H₂.模拟结果表明半笼型水合物的稳定性比结构Ⅱ型水合物强,同时得出H₂+TiAAB半笼型水合物的结构最稳定.MD模拟为TiAAB成为一种水合物新型促进剂和新型储氢材料提供了理论依据. 关键词： 2笼型水合物')" href="#">H₂笼型水合物 分子动力学模拟 储氢 半笼型水合物     

用分子动力学模拟甲烷水合物热激法分解

用分子动力学模拟方法研究甲烷水合物热激法分解，系统地研究注入340 K液态水的结构Ⅰ型甲烷水合物的分解机理.模拟显示水合物表层水分子与高温液态水分子接触获得热能，分子运动激烈，摆脱水分子间的氢键束缚，笼状结构被破坏.甲烷分子获得热能从笼中挣脱，向外体系扩散.热能通过分子碰撞从外层传递给内层水分子，水合物逐层分解.对比注入277K液态水体系模拟结果，得出热激法促进水合物分解. 关键词： 甲烷水合物 分子动力学模拟 热激法     

CH4水合物生长速率影响因素的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟,研究了温度、压力和电解质溶液对CH4水合物生长速率的影响.通过分析势能、均方位移、氢键数量、径向分布函数和四体结构有序参数,表征了CH4水合物的生长动力学.模拟结果表明,降低温度和提高压力可以显著提高CH4水合物的生长速率.当压力恒为15MPa,温度高于290K时,势能升高,CH4水合物晶体发生分解;温度由290K降至260K时,势能降低,CH4水合物持续生长.当温度恒为275K,压力由3MPa增至50MPa时,CH4水合物生长速率提高12%.此外,电解质离子的存在抑制了水合物的生长,电解质溶液浓度由1.5wt%增加到3.5wt%时, CH4水合物生长速率降低25%.     

CO_2膨胀液体的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法,模拟了CO2膨胀甲醇体系、CO2膨胀乙醇体系的热力学性质和输运性质,以及对氯硝基苯在CO2膨胀甲醇体系、苯甲腈在CO2膨胀乙醇体系中的扩散性质。CO2膨胀甲醇体系的密度模拟值略高于实验值,而CO2膨胀乙醇体系的密度模拟值与实验值非常接近。模拟结果表明:CO2使甲醇和乙醇溶液的膨胀非常明显,当CO2的摩尔分数达到0.5时,溶液膨胀约100%;得到了CO2、甲醇、乙醇、对氯硝基苯以及苯甲腈的扩散系数,其中对氯硝基苯和苯甲腈在两种膨胀液体中的扩散系数与实验结果接近;通过扩散系数关联了两种膨胀液体的粘度,计算结果与修正的Wilke-Chang方程得到的体系粘度规律一致。     

Molecular dynamics simulation of decomposition and thermal conductivity of methane hydrate in porous media

The hydrate has characteristics of low thermal conductivity and temperature sensitivity. To further analysis the mechanism of thermal conductivity and provide method for the exploitation, transportation and utilization of hydrate, the effect of decomposition and thermal conductivity of methane hydrate in porous media has been studied by using the molecular dynamics simulation. In this study, the simulation is carried out under the condition of temperature 253.15 K-273.15 K and pressure 1 MPa. The results show that the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate increases with the increase of temperature and has a faster growth near freezing. With the addition of porous media, the thermal conductivity of the methane hydrate improves significantly. The methane hydrate-porous media system also has the characteristics of vitreous body.With the decrease of the pore size of the porous media, thermal conductivity of the system increases gradually at the same temperature. It can be ascertained that the porous media of different pore sizes have strengthened the role of the thermal conductivity of hydrates.     

Molecular dynamics study for the thermal conductivity of diatomic liquid

The thermal conductivity of diatomic liquids was analyzed using a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) method. Five liquids, namely, O₂, CO, CS₂, Cl₂ and Br₂, were assumed. The two-center Lennard-Jones (2CLJ) model was used to express the intermolecular potential acting on liquid molecules. First, the equation of state of each liquid was obtained using MD simulation, and the critical temperature, density and pressure of each liquid were determined. Heat conduction of each liquid at various liquid states [metastable (ρ=1.9ρ_cr), saturated (ρ=2.1ρ_cr), and stable (ρ=2.3ρ_cr)] at T=0.7T_cr was simulated and the thermal conductivity was estimated. These values were compared with experimental results and it was confirmed that the simulated results were consistent with the experimental data within 10%. Obtained thermal conductivities at saturated state were reduced by the critical temperature, density and mass of molecules and these values were compared with each other. It was found that the reduced thermal conductivity increased with the increase in the molecular elongation. Detailed analysis of the molecular contribution to the thermal conductivity revealed that the contribution of the heat flux caused by energy transport and by translational energy transfer to the thermal conductivity is independent of the molecular elongation while the contribution of the heat flux caused by rotational energy transfer to the thermal conductivity increases with the increase in the molecular elongation. Moreover, by comparing the reduced thermal conductivity at various states, it was found that the increase of thermal conductivity with the increase in the density, or pressure, was caused by the increase of the contribution of energy transfer due to molecular interaction.     

应力对石墨烯热输运性质影响的分子动力学模拟

本文建立了低维薄膜材料导热模型,运用非平衡分子动力学模拟的方法,利用lanmmps软件对单层石墨烯纳米带的导热特性进行仿真分析,根据Fourier定律计算热导率,再对石墨烯纳米带的原子施加一定耦合应力场,把应力耦合作用下的石墨烯热导率与正常的石墨烯纳米带进行了对比研究,模拟数据结果表明:在石墨烯纳米带上施加耦合应力时,会导致石墨烯纳米带热导率升高,且随应力增加而增大,模拟范围内热导率升高2.61倍,并且应力方向会对热导率变化产生一定影响,这个研究为纳米尺度上石墨烯相关研究和进一步提升热导率提供了新思路.     

Effect of electrostatics techniques on the estimation of thermal conductivity via equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation: application to methane hydrate

Equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for three system sizes of fully occupied methane hydrate have been performed at around 265 K to estimate the thermal conductivity using the Ewald, Lekner, reaction field, shifted-force and undamped Fennell–Gezelter methods. The TIP4P water model was used in conjunction with a fully atomistic methane potential with which it had been parameterized from quantum simulation. The thermal conductivity was evaluated by integration of the heat flux autocorrelation function (ACF) derived from the Green–Kubo formalism; this approach vas validated by estimation of the average phonon mean free path. The thermal conductivities predicted by non-periodic techniques were in reasonable agreement with the experimental results of 0.62 and 0.68 W/m K, although it was found that the estimates by the non-periodic techniques were up to 25% larger than those of Lekner and Ewald estimates, particularly for larger systems. The results for the Lekner method exhibited the least variation with respect to system size. A decomposition of the heat flux vector into its respective contributions revealed the importance of electrostatic interactions, and how different electrostatic treatments affect the contribution to the thermal conductivity.     

四丁基溴化铵水合物浆体导热系数测量研究

四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)水合物浆体在常压下的相变温度介于0-12℃之间,作为蓄冷材料使用时由于相变过程的存在使得其蓄冷能力较高,而且在管道中具有良好的流动特性,因而是一种理想的蓄冷和冷量输送材料。对比分析了传统导热系数计算公式和基于一维非稳态导热模型导出的导热系数计算公式的区别。利用热线装置分别测量了TBAB溶液和水合物浆体的导热系数。实验得出5-30 wt%TBAB溶液的导热系数在0.4-0.6 W.m-1.K-1之间,并随浓度的增加而减小;10-40vol%的水合物浆体的导热系数在0.5-0.6 W.m-1.K-1之间,并随体积分数的增加而增大;相同体积浓度时A型水合物浆体的导热系数大于B型水合物浆体的导热系数。     

硅功能化石墨烯热导率的分子动力学模拟

采用Tersoff势函数与Lennard-Jones势函数,结合速度形式的Verlet算法和Fourier定律,对单层和两层硅功能化石墨烯沿长度方向的导热性能进行了正向非平衡态分子动力学模拟.通过模拟发现,硅原子的加入改变了石墨烯声子的模式、平均自由程和移动速度,使得单层硅功能化石墨烯模型的热导率随着硅原子数目的增加而急剧地减小.在300 K至1000 K温度变化范围内,单层硅功能化石墨烯的热导率呈下降趋势,具有明显的温度效应.对双层硅功能化石墨烯而言,少量的硅原子嵌入,起到了提高热导率的作用,但当硅原子数目达到一定数量后,材料的导热性能下降.     

分形结构纳米复合材料热导率的分子动力学模拟研究

提出了一基于Sierpinski分形结构的Si/Ge纳米复合材料结构,以调控纳米复合材料的热导率.采用非平衡分子动力学方法模拟研究了分形结构Si/Ge纳米复合材料的导热性能,给出了硅原子百分比、轴向长度以及截面尺寸对分形结构纳米复合材料热导率的影响规律,并与传统矩形结构进行了对比.研究结果表明,分形结构纳米复合材料增强了Si/Ge界面散射作用,使得热导率低于传统矩形结构,这为提高材料的热电效率提供了有效途径.Si原子百分比、截面尺寸、轴向长度皆对分形结构纳米复合材料热导率存在着重要影响.纳米复合材料热导率随着Si原子百分比的增加呈先减小后增加的趋势,随轴向长度的增加则呈单调增大趋势.