基于多孔石墨碳柱和正辛烷-异丙醇流动相的高效液相色谱法分离分析食用油中的甘油三酯

建立了分离食用油中甘油三酯(TAG)的高效液相色谱分析方法。使用多孔石墨碳柱(Hypercarb柱, 100 mm×2.1 mm, 5μm),以正辛烷-异丙醇(70∶30,V/V)为流动相,流速0.25 mL/min,在60℃柱温下分离,检测波长215 nm。考察了实验条件对分离和检测的影响。在优化条件下,分离了7种植物油和5种动物油中的TAG,借助质谱联用技术,识别了玉米油中14种TAG、橄榄油中9种TAG、葵花籽油中14种TAG、大豆油中14种TAG、芝麻油中15种TAG、花生油中18种TAG、菜籽油中17种TAG、鸡油中16种TAG、猪油中17种TAG、羊油中12种TAG、牛油中14种TAG和鹅油中16种TAG。在分析鸡油和牛油时,实现了SLP和SOP与其各自异构体的分离,表明本方法具有分离TAG位置异构体的能力。采样本方法分离并分析了玉米油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、大豆油、花生油、芝麻油、橄榄油中的三亚油酰基甘油三酯(LLL)的含量。本方法使用的流动相污染小、实用性较好,为食用油中的TAG及其异构体的分析提供了有价值的参考。     

应用化学计量学和顶空-气相色谱-质谱法鉴别花生油中掺假的大豆油

采用化学计量学分析软件,结合顶空-气相色谱-质谱法,建立了花生油中掺假大豆油的鉴别方法.顶空-气相色谱-质谱法采集花生油样品及大豆油样品的质谱信息,化学计量学分析软件进行数据分析,找出大豆油的特征化合物.通过方法学验证,确定了大豆油的特征标记物为2,3-辛二酮,以其质荷比(m/z)99.1的离子为定量离子.大豆油的线性...     

超高效液相色谱－高分辨质谱分析比较油茶籽油与橄榄油的 甘油酯组成差异

采用基于超高效液相色谱－高分辨质谱（UPLC－HRMS）技术的脂质组学方法,分析比较了油茶籽油和橄榄油中的甘油酯组成,并总结了不同甘油酯的液相色谱保留行为。利用提取离子流图、母离子谱图和子离子质谱图,依据中性丢失质量计算甘油酯的脂肪酰基链组成。结果表明,油茶籽油和橄榄油中共检测到55种甘油酯,其中在油茶籽油中检测到全部55种甘油酯（43种甘油三酯和12种甘油二酯）,橄榄油中检测到44种甘油酯（34种甘油三酯和10种甘油二酯）,未检测到9种甘油三酯和2种甘油二酯。油茶籽油和橄榄油中最主要的甘油酯均为TAG 54∶3,但其相对含量在油茶籽油中更高。以55种甘油酯分子的峰面积作为变量进行多维变量统计分析,聚类热图分析、主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析表明,油茶籽油和橄榄油具有显著的分类趋势。结合VIP值 > 1.0且p值 < 0.01筛选出油茶籽油的3种关键甘油酯和橄榄油的6种关键甘油酯。该研究揭示了油茶籽油与橄榄油中甘油酯的分子组成差异,可为解析油茶籽油的功能和营养提供基础。     

液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱分析鉴别地沟油中的氧化成分

采用液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱(HPLC-APCI-MS)方法,分析了食用油脂和地沟油的甘油三酯(TAG)组成。采用C18色谱柱,乙腈-丙酮为流动相,梯度洗脱,APCI正离子模式检测。应用本方法检测了15个地沟油和11个食用油样品,结果表明,地沟油中存在三亚油酸甘油酯(LLL)、二亚油酸单油酸甘油酯(LOL)、二亚油酸单亚麻酸甘油酯(LLnL),二油酸单亚油酸甘油酯(OOL)等甘油三酯的5种亚油酰基氧化产物。采用偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)化学计量学方法,分析建立了地沟油和正常食用油的判别模型,实现了正常食用油和地沟油区分,模型正确判别率96.2%。在判别模型中,含有亚油酸环氧化物的TAG分子对判别贡献率较大,该类化合物可作为地沟油区别于正常油脂的标志成分。     

热重-气相色谱/质谱联用方法鉴别回收油

建立了热重-气相色谱/质谱联用分析检测技术,结合主成分分析化学计量学方法,实现了回收油与正常食用油的辨别.以氧气为反应气,在50℃～400℃范围内,进行了经过确认的9个不同来源的回收油样品和大豆油、花生油、菜籽油和橄榄油等4类正常食用油的热重分析,采集300℃下氧化挥发成分进行气相色谱/质谱分析,定性确认了9种挥发性成分,分别为正庚烷、辛烯、正辛烷、正己醛、壬烷、正庚醛、癸烷、辛醛和壬醛.采用主成分分析方法,分别对热重分析数据、气相色谱/质谱分析数据和两组数据共同分析,结果表明,仅采用单独一种分析技术均不能实现回收油的有效鉴别,但是结合两组数据进行主成分分析能够实现全部9种回收油与正常食用油的区分,体现出联用技术可获取多信息的优势.本方法无需样品预处理、操作简单、样品量少、速度快,在回收油筛查中具有较好的应用前景.     

基质辅助激光解吸电离-傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱技术用于食用油中甘油三酯的快速分析

食用油中甘油三酯(Triacylglycerols,TAGs)的含量及种类快速高效的检测方法对保障人体健康具有重要意义。本研究基于基质辅助激光解吸电离-傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(MALDI-FTICR-MS)技术建立了一种用于食用油中TAG的直接快速定性分析方法。采用2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(DHB)的丙酮溶液作为基质,二氯甲烷作为食用油的溶剂,在激光能量为15%、频率为100 Hz、辐照次数为100 Shots条件下可以获得重复稳定的信号(RSD9%)。利用一级质谱和二级质谱对食用油中TAG进行了初步的分类分析。在置信度为95%的条件下,采用主成分分析(PCA)方法可对34种食用油进行很好的分类。利用本方法可以直接识别出橄榄油中掺杂5%的菜籽油,表明本方法可以用于食用油样品的快速筛查分析。     

激光解吸电离傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱用于食用油的快速分析

利用激光解吸电离傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(Laser desorption ionization,LDI-FTICR-MS)建立了一种快速分析食用油中甘油三酯(TAG)的方法。在激光能量为45%,激光频率100 Hz和辐照次数100shots的条件下,可以获得稳定重复的信号(RSD10%)。通过TAG的一级质谱图和二级碎片信息可以初步区别不同类型的食用油。在置信度为95%条件下,利用主成分分析法和聚类分析法可以有效地将34种食用油归类。此外,利用该方法可直接识别橄榄油中掺杂5%的菜籽油且根据线性公式可初步预测橄榄油中掺杂油品的种类。分析数据表明,LDI-FTICR-MS技术具有快速筛查和识别食用油的潜力。     

应用化学计量学和顶空-气相色谱质谱联用技术对7种植物油进行类别分析

采用静态顶空-气相色谱质谱联用技术对7种食用植物油(菜籽油、大豆油、花生油、棉籽油、玉米油、芝麻油、棕榈油)中易挥发成分进行了采集,应用化学计量学分析方法对各油种间易挥发成分的差异进行了评价。通过主成份分析、偏最小二乘判别分析等方法,建立了分类预测模型,分类模型训练和模型验证准确率均为100%,鉴定出了每种植物油的主要标志化合物,为建立植物油类别分析提供了强有力的手段。实验证明,根据植物油挥发性物质对不同种类的植物油进行分类和判别是可行的。     

基于磁性金属有机框架材料的表面辅助激光解吸离子化质谱在食用油快速鉴定中的应用

以羧基化的Fe_3O_4为核,通过室温自组装方法合成了核壳结构的磁性沸石咪唑酯框架-8(Fe_3O_4@ZIF-8)微球。以此为基质,建立了一种基于磁性金属有机框架(Fe_3O_4@MOFs)的表面辅助激光解吸离子化质谱(SALDI-MS)新方法。分别考察了干点法、薄层法、三明治法3种不同制样方法对质谱检测信号的影响。研究表明,"三明治"样品制备法具有基质分布均匀、"甜点"效应小、灵敏度高、信号重现性好等优点。以花生油、猪油、菜籽油中的甘油三酯为研究对象,利用SALDI-MS方法实现了对不同食用油的快速鉴别。与传统MALDI-MS相比,基于Fe_3O_4@ZIF-8的SALDI-MS方法可以获得更丰富的油品成分信息、更好的质量分辨率和更高的检测灵敏度,可成功应用于食用油实际样品的快速鉴定。     

大气压化学电离-高分辨质谱直接分析食用油中的甘油三酯

建立了食用油中甘油三酯的大气压化学电离-质谱直接分析检测方法.在考察实验条件影响的基础上,选择乙腈作为溶剂,正离子检测模式,进样流速为800 μL/h,喷雾器温度250℃,电晕针电流为5000 nA.用本方法对10种食用油进行分析,结果表明,植物油与动物油之间差异较大.经主成分分析,选择m/z 857.76与m/z 881.76峰强度比作为指标,重复性RSD＜5％,可直接识别出玉米油中掺杂5％的猪油.用碰撞诱导解离(CID)实验初步鉴别了食用油的3个特征峰.利用本方法对泔水油样品和煎炸油样品进行分析,结果泔水油样品中含有植物油和动物油,而煎炸油样品也与商品食用油存在差异.本方法可用于食用油样品的快速筛查.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.