Structural characterization of interfaces in the AlxGa1?xAs/GaAs/AlxGa1?xAs heterostructures by high-resolution X-ray reflectometry and diffractometry

The structural properties of multiplayer Al_xGa_1−x As/GaAs/Al_xGa_1−x As systems (x ≈ 0.2) grown on GaAs(001) substrates are studied by the methods of double-crystal X-ray diffractometry and reflectometry. The depth profiles of deformation, amorphization, and density of the layers are obtained. It is shown that despite small differences (5–7%) in the densities of the Al_xGa_1−x As layers and the substrate and the small thickness of the AlAs layer (1–2 nm) separating the GaAs quantum well, it is possible to reconstruct the heterostructure model by the method of X-ray reflectometry and to determine the thickness of the transitional layers at a resolution of 0.1–0.2 nm. It is also established that the reflectometry data obtained complement the X-ray diffraction data considerably and allow one to estimate the roughness and the character of the aluminum distribution at the interfaces. __________ Translated from Kristallografiya, Vol. 50, No. 5, 2005, pp. 801–812. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by Lomov, Sutyrin, Prokhorov, Galiev, Khabarov, Chuev, Imamov.     

Determination of the magnetic contribution to the YFe2 susceptibility by means of X-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity

The reflectometry curves of an Nb(4 nm)/YFe₂(40 nm, 〈110〉)/Fe(1.5 nm)/Nb(50 nm) sample measured in the synchrotron radiation of right- and left-handed circular polarization for a set of wavelengths near the Y L _2,3 absorption edges have been used to determine the energy dependences of the component magnitudes for the X-ray susceptibility tensor of YFe₂ near the yttrium absorption edges, including off-diagonal magnetic additives. Our result is in good agreement with the normalized experimental absorption and circular dichroism spectra and their Kramers-Kronig transformations.     

Feasibility of study magnetic proximity effects in bilayer “superconductor/ferromagnet” using waveguide-enhanced polarized neutron reflectometry

A resonant enhancement of the neutron standing waves is proposed to use in order to increase the magnetic neutron scattering from a “superconductor/ferromagnet” (S/F) bilayer. The model calculations show that usage of this effect allows to increase the magnetic scattering intensity by factor of hundreds. Aspects related to the growth procedure (order of deposition, roughness of the layers etc.) as well as experimental conditions (resolution, polarization of the neutron beam, background etc) are also discussed. Collected experimental data for the S/F heterostructure Cu(32 nm)/V(40 nm)/Fe(1 nm)/MgO confirmed the presence of a resonant 60-fold amplification of the magnetic scattering.     

Mechanochemical synthesis of nonstoichiometric fluorite Ca1?xLaxF2+x nanocrystals from CaF2 and LaF3 single crystals

The nonstoichiometric Ca_1−x La_xF_2+x phase (x ≥ 0.1) is obtained by mechanochemical synthesis from CaF₂ and LaF₃ single crystals. This phase is the first representative of fluorite fluorides obtained by mechanochemical synthesis in the MF_m-RF_n systems (m < n ≤ 4). The average grain size ranges within 10–30 nm. The temperature dependence of ionic conductivity of the mechanochemically synthesized phase pressurized at 600 MPa (at its high-temperature portion at temperatures exceeding 200–250°C) coincides with the conductivity of the single crystals of the same composition (Ca_0.8La_0.2F_2.2). The activation energy of ionic conductivity (0.95 eV) corresponds to migration of interstitial fluoride ions in the crystal bulk. Mechanochemical synthesis of a multicomponent fluoride material with nanometer grains opens a new chapter in the chemistry of inorganic fluorides. A decrease of the sintering temperature of the powders with nanometer grains is very important for preparing dense fluoride ceramics of complicated compositions and other polycrystalline forms of fluoride materials. __________ Translated from Kristallografiya, Vol. 50, No. 3, 2005, pp. 524–531. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by Sobolev, Sviridov, Fadeeva, Sul’yanov, Sorokin, Zhmurova, Herrero, Landa-Canovas, Rojas.     

X-ray diffraction, DFT, and spectroscopic study of N , N ′-difluoroboryl-5-(2-thienyl)dipyrrin and fluorescence studies of related dipyrromethanes, dipyrrins and BF2-dipyrrins and DFT conformational study of 5-(2-thienyl)dipyrrin

To explore the characteristics of potential fluorescent probes that could be used to screen prospective HDS catalysts, new 5-thienyl dipyrromethene derivatives have been prepared. 5-(2-thienyl)- (1a), 5-(3-thienyl)- (1b), and 5-(3-(2,5-dibromothienyl))-dipyrromethane (1c), were oxidized with DDQ (2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone) separately to give the corresponding dipyrrins 2a–2c. These were subsequently treated with F₃B·OEt₂ to afford the respective N,N′-difluoroboryl-5-(thienyl)dipyrrin compounds, 3a–3c; the latter two may serve as polymer precursors. Significant fluorescence signal enhancement is achieved with 3a–3c over 2a–2c. Orange fluorescence is observed for 3a whereas its isomer 3b gives green fluorescence (365 nm). An X-ray diffraction study of 3a was performed (orthorhombic, P2₁2₁2₁, a=10.684(10) ?, b=15.208(13) ?, c=7.256(6) ?, V=1179.0(17) ?³, Z=4, R ₁=0.0428, wR ₂=0.0686) and its geometry was studied by way of DFT (Gaussian 03; B3LYP/6-31G^*) to give a HOMO/LUMO energy level difference of 414 nm, and a 2-thienyl group rotational barrier of ∼6 kcal/mol, compared to that of ∼12 kcal/mol for the phenyl derivative. Theoretical modeling of 2a demonstrated that the [N–H⋯N] interaction is favored by ca. 10 kcal/mol, whereas [N–H⋯S] bonding is sterically unattainable.     

Reactions of triosmium clusters with indole: X-ray structures of [Os3(CO)10(μ-OH)(μ-OMeCO)] and [Os3(μ-H)(CO)10(μ-1, 2-η2-NC8H6)]

Treatment of [Os₃(CO)₁₂] with indole in presence of a methanolic solution of Me₃NO⋅2H₂O at 60^∘C afforded the previously reported compounds [(μ-H)Os₃(CO)₁₀(μ-OMe)] 2, [(μ-H)Os₃(CO)₁₀(μ-OH)] 3 and [Os₃(CO)₁₀(μ-OH)(μ-OMeCO)] 4 in 10, 5 and 20% yields, respectively. The reaction of [Os₃(CO)₁₀(MeCN)₂] with indole at room temperature gave [(μ-H)Os₃(CO)₁₀(μ-1,2-η²-NC₈H₆)] 5 in 40% yield. Compounds 4 and 5 have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compound 4 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 23.1239(3), b = 9.8087(4), c = 16.9017(6) ?, β = 92.6998(14)^∘, Z = 8 and V = 3829.3(2) ?³ and 5 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 9.009(3), b = 9.764(4), c = 24.906(6) ?, β = 93.452(14)^∘, Z = 4 and V = 2186.9(13) ?³. Compound 4 consists of an open cluster of three osmium atoms with the hydroxy and methoxycarbonyl ligands bridging the open Os–Os edge. Compound 5 consists of an isosceles triangle of osmium atoms with one elongated Os–Os edge which is bridged by the hydride and the indolyl ligands.     

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Crystal Structure of a New Acetyl phosphorylamidate P(O)[NHC(O)C6H4(4-NO2)][N(CH(CH3)2)(CH2C6H5)]2

Abstract  

A new acetyl phosphorylamidate P(O)[NHC(O)C₆H₄(4-NO₂)][N(CH(CH₃)₂)(CH₂C₆H₅)]₂ has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H, ¹³C and ³¹P NMR, IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Single crystal X-ray analysis shows that it belongs to triclinic system, space group P[`1] P\bar{1} , with a = 10.5868(16) Å, b = 11.8058(18) Å, c = 12.4364(19) Å, α = 65.410(3)°, β = 67.492(4)°, γ = 85.879(3)°, V = 1,298.6(3) Å³, and Z = 2. The intermolecular PO···HN hydrogen bond makes H-bonded dimer of molecule with Ci symmetry. In the crystal network, the dimers are aggregated in the chain arrays through π-stacking between p-NO₂–C₆H₄–C(O)–NH– moieties. Moreover, weak C–H···O and C–H···π interactions exist in the crystal network.     

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Nickel(II) Complex with Unsymmetrical NNO-Donor Schiff Base Ligand

Abstract  

The nickel(II) complex, Ni[C₅H₄N–CH=N–N=C(O)–C₆H₅]₂ (1) containing a N,N,O-donor hydrazone ligand, which is the 1:1 condensation product of benzhydrazide and pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde has been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique, spectral study and room-temperature magnetic moments. Structural investigation shows that 1 crystallizes to a monoclinic system, having space group P2(1)/c, a = 11.221(4), b = 8.893(3), c = 23.026(8) ?, β = 90.605(14)°, and Z = 4. The central nickel atom is in an N₄O₂ coordination sphere developed with the NNO donor sets of the two independently hydrazone ligands. The Ni–N (pyridine), Ni–N (imine) and Ni–O (enolate) bond distances are 2.144(2) and 2.128(2); 1.980(2) and 1.985(2); 2.0782(17) and 2.1106(17) ?, respectively. The effective magnetic moment (μ _eff) value of 1 is found to be 3.10 B.M. at 300 K.     

Hydrogen Bonded 3D Supramolecular Architectures of Three Saccharinate Salts

Abstract  

Three saccharinate salts (2-aminopyrimidine): (saccharin) (1), (4-phenylthiazol-2-amine): (saccharin) (2), and (2-methylquinoline): (saccharin) (3) were prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Salt 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, with a = 7.1782(9) ?, b = 13.5105(16) ?, c = 12.2251(12) ?, β = 93.3410(10)°, V = 1183.6(2) ?³, Z = 4. Compound 2 crystallizes in the triclinic, space group P-1, with a = 7.4584(7) ?, b = 8.6930(9) ?, c = 12.9179(14) ?, α = 108.952(2)°, β = 91.7510(10)°, γ = 97.2280(10)°, V = 783.57(14) ?³, Z = 2. Compound 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, with a = 7.781(8) ?, b = 19.4209(19) ?, c = 10.9719(12) ?, β = 107.7390(10)°, V = 1579.2(16) ?³, Z = 4. The different hydrogen bonding interaction modes of the saccharinate anions and the cations lead to 3D network structure, 3D staircase structure, and 3D ABAB layer structure for 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Despite variations in the cation shape on the aromatic N–heterocyclic compounds, there all existed strong intermolecular N–H⋯O(carbonyl) hydrogen bonds. In compounds 1, and 3 the N⁺–H⋯O interaction between the N⁺–H group of the cation and the C=O group of the saccharinate anion is the most important interaction in this family of salts. However, in 2, there was a N–H⋯O interaction between the amino proton and the C=O group of the saccharinate anion. At the next level, the aromatic C–H proton interacts with the sulfonyl O atom. There are also π–π interactions in compounds 1–2, there is CH₃–π interaction in 3. Under these interactions the three compounds exhibit synthons I–III respectively. These interactions are responsible for the high-yielding supramolecular assembly of N-containing aromatic bases and the saccharinate into salts.     

Crystal and Molecular Structures of Di-1-Adamantylthiophosphinic Chloride, <Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis>-Diphenyl-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Benzyl Phosphinothioic- and Selenoic- Amides

Abstract  Synthesis and X-ray structural determination of three phosphorus compounds are reported. (3b) is monoclinic P2(1)/c with a = 11.852(1), b = 12.825(1), c = 12.445(1) ?, β = 103.693(1)o; (4a) and (4b) are monoclinic P2(1)/n with a = 12.1422(16), b = 9.0860(12), c = 14.845(2) ?, β = 96.498(3)o for (4a), and a = 12.2714(16), b = 9.2812(12), c = 14.800(2) ?, β = 97.176(2)o for (4b). They all exhibit distorted tetrahedral geometry about the P atom. Ph₂P(X)NHC₇H₇ (X=S (4a) and X=Se (4b)) show typical P–S and P–Se double bond distances and P–N single bonds, while P–S bond in 1-Ad₂P(S)Cl (3b) is comparable to P–S single bonded probably due to the largeness of 1-adamantyl groups. Graphical Abstract  Synthesis and X-ray structural determination of 1-Ad₂P(S)Cl (3b), Ph₂P(S)NHC₇H₇ (4a) and Ph₂P(Se)NHC₇H₇ (4b) are reported.      

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-(2-Pyridylmethyl)-3-Methoxysalicylaldiminato Copper(II) Chloride

Abstract  The copper(II) complex [Cu(C₅H₄NCH₂−N=CH–C₆H₃OCH₃–O)Cl], (1) containing a new tridentate Schiff base ligand (LH), which is the 1:1 condensation product of 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine and o-vaniline, has been synthesised and characterized by IR and UV–Vis spectra. Structural investigation shows that 1 crystallizes to a monoclinic system, having space group P2(1)/c, a = 6.9634(7), b = 18.1209(19), c = 10.3448(11) ?, α = 90°, β = 103.97(2)°, γ = 90° and Z = 4. The coordination geometry around the copper atom is slightly distorted square planar, formed by the N₂O donor set of the Schiff base and one Cl atom. The Cu–N(1), Cu–N(2), Cu–O(1) and Cu–Cl bond distances are 2.0114(14), 1.9414(14), 1.9147(12) and 2.2520(5) ?, respectively. Index Abstract  The copper(II) complex [Cu(C₅H₄NCH₂−N=CH–C₆H₃OCH₃–O)Cl], (1) containing a tridentate Schiff base ligand (LH), synthesised and characterized by IR and UV–Vis spectra. The central copper ion possesses a distorted square-planar geometry.      

Structural Aspects and Spectroscopic Characterization of a Mn(II) Complex with Unsymmetrical NNO-Donor Hydrazone Ligand

Abstract  

The manganese(II) complex, Mn[C₅H₄N–C(CH₃)=N–N=C(O)–C₆H₅]₂ (1) containing N,N,O-donor hydrazone ligand is characterized by X-ray diffraction study. The ligand is the 1:1 condensation product of benzhydrazide and 2-acetylpyridine. The spectral, cyclic voltammetric and room-temperature magnetic moment data are used to establish structure and electronic structure of the compound. Structural investigation shows that 1 crystallizes to a monoclinic system, space group C2/c, a = 22.8367(13), b = 10.1523(6), c = 12.0736(7) Å, α = γ = 90°, β = 116.5930(10)°, and Z = 4. The central manganese atom is in an N₄O₂ coordination sphere constituted by the NNO donor sets of the two independently hydrazone ligands. The Mn–N1, Mn–N2 and Mn–O1 bond distances are 2.3255(15), 2.1854(13) and 2.1361(13) Å, respectively. The effective magnetic moment (μ_eff) value of 1 is found to be 5.92 B.M. at 300 K. Cyclic voltammetry shows Mn(III)/Mn(II) couple at 0.9 V and imine reductions at −0.68 and at −1.3 V.     

Antiferroelectric and ferroelectric switching of a liquid crystal in Langmuir-Blodgett films under strong confinement conditions

An antiferroelectric liquid-crystal (LC) material formed of banana-shaped molecules in the sandwich metal-thin Langmuir-Blodgett film-metal geometry, which is typical of solid-state technology, is investigated. Upon heating the thin-film elements, the material passes to the high-temperature (68–127°C) LC B ₂ phase, which, despite severe limitation on the film thickness (∼100 nm or less), exhibits antiferroelectric switching, which was previously observed only in bulk samples (10 μm thick) of the LC studied. At film thicknesses smaller than ∼40 nm, ferroelectric switching is observed, which is caused by the stabilization of the ferroelectric LC phase by the boundary surfaces. The largest values of the switched polarization of films (∼400 nC/cm²) are comparable with the polarization of bulk samples. The coercive field increases with decreasing film thickness and reaches ∼10⁶ V/cm for the thinnest films. This value corresponds to the intrinsic coercive field of the ferroelectric under conditions of a strong surface effect, which suppresses domain processes. Published in Russian in Kristallografiya, 2006, Vol. 51, No. 5, pp. 898–905. Dedicated to the 60th Birthday of M.V. Kovalchuk The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Structures of two N-{2-([(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)difluoromethyl]-4-halophenyl}acetamides

Abstract  

The compounds, N-{2-[(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)difluoromethyl]-4-chlorophenyl}acetamide (1: X = Cl) and N-{2([(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)difluoromethyl]-4-bromo-phenyl}acetamide (1: X = Br), are isostructural. The molecules are near ‘‘V’’ shaped with the angles between the two aromatic planes ca. 84° in each case. The various intermolecular interactions, namely N–H···O, N–H···N, N–H···F, and C–H···N hydrogen bonds and C–H···π, C–Cl···π and C–O···π interactions, generate 3-D arrays. Compound (1: X = Cl) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 16.9032(7) ?, 10.2193(4) ?, c = 7.5227(4) ?, β = 100.179(3)° and Z = 4. Compound (1: X = Br) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 17.2119(4) ?, 10.2167(2) ?, c = 7.5677(2) ?, β = 100.326(2)° and Z = 4.     

Study of the effects of isotopic substitution 16O → 18O in Sm1 ? xSrxMnO3-type (x = 0.45 and 0.50) manganites by powder neutron diffraction

The results of neutron diffraction studies of the effect of the isotopic substitution ¹⁶O → ¹⁸O in Sm_{1 − x} Sr_xMnO₃-type (x = 0.45 and 0.50) manganites are considered. The parameters of the crystal and magnetic structures of the samples are determined in the temperature range 1.4–300.0 K. It is shown that the isotopic substitution considerably changes the phase diagram of manganites. The results of the earlier macroscopic studies of the same samples are confirmed. __________ Translated from Kristallografiya, Vol. 49, No. 6, 2004, pp. 995–1002. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2004 by Kurbakov, Trunov, André.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (2S,6R) Ethyl 1,2,6-triphenyl-4-(phenylamino)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate

Abstract  

The title compound, (2S,6R), Ethyl 1,2,6-triphenyl-4-(phenylamino)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate (C₃₂H₃₀N₂O₂), was synthesised by the reaction of benzaldehyde, aniline and ethylacetoacetate, in the presence of l (−) proline–Fe(III) complex, formed in situ, at room temperature. The compound was characterized by spectral methods and X-ray diffraction studies. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P − 1 with the following unit-cell parameters: a = 9.651(4), b = 10.909(5), c = 13.737(7) ?, α = 106.597(7), β = 108.664(8), γ = 99.779(6)°, Z = 2. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected at 100 K and refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to a final R-value of 0.0633 for 3415 observed reflections. The 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine ring exhibits a flat boat conformation. The structure has intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the type N–H···O, C–H···O and C–H···π, which help to stabilize the crystal structure.     

Synthesis, structure and supramolecular assembly in the crystalline state of a bifunctionalized arylimido derivative of hexamolybdate [n-Bu4N]2[Mo6O17(o,p-(MeO)2C6H3N)2]

A novel bifunctionalized arylimido derivative of hexamolybdate [n-Bu₄N]₂[Mo₆O₁₇(o,p-(MeO)₂C₆H₃N)₂] (1) was synthesized by self-assembled metathesis of α-type octamolybdate ion and 2,4-dimethoxyaniline and structurally characterized by crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic data for1: monoclinic system, space group:C2/c,a = 17.319(4),b = 18.087(4),c = 21.357(5) ?, β = 106.486(4),V = 6415(2) ?³, andZ = 4,D_c = 1.693 g/cm³,R₁ = 0.0439. The complex has a short Mo–N bond length of 1.735(5) ? and an imido (Mo–N–C) bond angle of 177.8(4)^∘. The complex has also been characterized by¹H NMR, IR, and UV–vis spectroscopy.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [Te{S(C<Subscript>6</Subscript>H<Subscript>3</Subscript>S)<Subscript>2</Subscript>O}]: A Tetracyclic Tellurium(II) Compound Displaying a Boat–Chair Conformation

Abstract  

The synthesis and molecular structure of (phenoxathiin-4,6-dithiolate)tellurium(II) is described. [Te{S(C₆H₃S)₂O}] was synthesized from the reaction of 4,6-dimercaptophenoxatiin and TeCl₄ in 36% yield. The crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystal data: [Te{S(C₆H₃S)₂O}], formula weight = 389.95, crystallized in monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/n with a = 7.7898(10) ?, b = 18.513(2) ?, c = 8.9898(11) ?, β = 105.974(2)°, V = 1246.4(3) ?³ and Z = 4. The tetracyclic compound is non-planar with a di-coordinate Te^II atom. The eight-membered central ring is in a boat–chair conformation. The title compound displays weak intermolecular contacts Te–S, S–S and C–H⋯S.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2-Amino-4,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-en-1,1,3,4(S)-tetracarbonitrile

Abstract  

Crystal structure analysis of the novel 2-amino-4,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-en-1,1,3,4(S)-tetracarbonitrile, obtained in 70% yield, by the Bi(OTf)₃ catalyzed reaction of acetone and malononitrile, at room temperature, is described. For the first time Bi(OTf)₃–Et₃N has been used in this inverse electron demand Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction involving the participation of carbonitrile π-bond. The structure of the molecule was established by spectral analysis and X-ray diffraction studies. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n with unit cell parameters: a = 8.0580 (17), b = 13.038 (3), c = 12.641 (3) ?, β = 101.883 (4)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0506 for 2,456 observed reflections. The cyclohexene ring of the molecule adopts a distorted sofa conformation. The molecules in the unit cell are arranged in layers. The crystal structure in stabilized by C–H⋯N and N–H⋯N interactions.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Characterizations of New 3,4,7,8-Tetrachloro-1,10-Phenanthroline Zn(II) Complex

Abstract  

A novel 3,4,7,8-tetrachloro-1,10-phenanthroline (Cl₄phen) Zn(II) complex has been synthesized. The complex, [Zn(Cl₄phen)₂(H₂O)₂](NO₃)₂·CH₃CH₂OH (1), has been identified and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis and photoluminescence studies. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex (1) belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/c, a = 10.061(2) Å, b = 18.924(4) Å, c = 18.189(4) Å, β = 100.94(3)°, and Z = 4. Complex (1) consists of cationic species [Zn(Cl₄phen)₂(H₂O)₂]²⁺, NO₃ ⁻ and CH₃CH₂OH. The zinc atom displays a distorted cis-N₄O₂ octahedral geometry. Via extended Zn–O–H···O–N–O···H–O–Zn bridge, every mononuclear unit is linked with other ones to form one-dimensional (1D) infinite chain of hydrogen bond system. Three-dimensional (3D) polymeric network arrangement was built via weak C–H···O and π-stacking interactions between Cl₄phen moieties. A solvent-dependency effect of complex (1) was observed in spectroscopic properties.