A combined vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy study of sphingomyelin-cholesterol monolayers

A combination of vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy is used to study the changes in morphology and conformational order in monolayers prepared from three natural sphingomyelin (SM) mixtures as a function of surface pressure and cholesterol concentration. The most homogeneous SM gave monolayers with well-ordered acyl chains and few gauche defects with relatively small effects of either increasing surface pressure or cholesterol addition. Heterogeneous SM mixtures with a mixture of acyl chain lengths or with significant fractions of unsaturated acyl chains had much larger contributions from gauche defects at low surface pressure and gave increasingly well-ordered monolayers as the surface pressure increased. They also showed substantial increases in lipid chain order after cholesterol addition. Overall, these results are consistent with the strong hydrogen bonding capacity of SM leading to well-ordered monolayers over a range of surface pressures. The changes in acyl chain order for natural SMs as a function of cholesterol are relevant to formation of sphingolipid-cholesterol enriched domains in cell membranes.     

A Fourier transform infrared study of the lamellar liquid crystalline phase of dimethyldodecyl amineoxide-water and dimethyldodecyl amineoxide-gramicidin-D-water systems

The overall conformational order of the alkyl tail of the lyotropic lamellar phase of the dimethyldodecyl amineoxide, (CH₃)₂ON⁺(CH₂)₁₁CH₃ (DDAO)---H₂O system (75.7 wt.%) has been studied by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The spectral region 1000–1400 cm⁻¹, covering the CH₂ wagging modes and the methyl umbrella modes of DDAO, has been recorded in the temperature interval 3–60°C and at different mole fractions of gramicidin-D with respect to DDAO (X_g = 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1) for both DDAO-H₂O and DDAO-D₂O systems. It has been shown that the DDAO amphiphile molecules of the lamellar phase reorganise in a phase-like transition near 25–30°C. The DDAO-water system does not show any significant bands corresponding to a double gauche conformation at 1355 cm⁻¹ nor to a gauche-transgauche (kinked) conformation at 1367 cm⁻¹. These bands are probably present but hidden in the broad low-frequency side of the CH₃ umbrella band at 1377 cm⁻¹. Upon incorporation of gramicidin into the lamellar phase both head group and acyl chain spectra of the lipid change in such a way as to indicate a decreased “ordering” of the molecules, as judged by comparison with spectra of the same molecule in a micellar environment, and with increased fluidity of the acyl chains.     

Decylammonium chloride/ammonium chloride aqueous solutions A Raman scattering study

Aqueous solutions of decylammonium chloride and decylammonium chloride/ammonium chloride between 20 and 50 per cent of DACl have been studied by Raman scattering. The spectral behaviour was followed as a function of temperature and phase transitions were observed for all samples. We have focused our study on the intensity variations of both the symmetric and the antisymmetric stretching vibration modes of CH₂ groups situated in the region 2800-3000cm^-1. The study of the high frequency part of the spectrum showed the characteristics of order disorder transitions already studied for other materials. We have observed that the existence of a nematic phase in the ternary systems is caused by the addition of the salt.     

基于苯甲醛交联剂的煤直接液化残渣改性石油沥青

以苯甲醛为交联剂,采用煤直接液化残渣的四氢呋喃萃取物(THFS)对石油沥青进行了改性。考察了THFS、交联剂的掺杂量以及掺混温度对改性沥青性能的影响。研究表明,当THFS的掺杂量为4 %,掺混温度为170 ℃时改性效果最佳,而且苯甲醛作为交联剂加入可使沥青改性效果更佳。利用热重-傅里叶红外光谱联用仪(TG-FTIR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和荧光显微镜对改性沥青进行了表征,结果表明,添加了苯甲醛的改性沥青的失重残余率较其他沥青略有提高;苯甲醛交联的改性沥青在热解过程中释放的CH₄含量减少且释放温度有所提高;改性沥青在2 924 cm^-1和2 854 cm^-1处的脂肪族-CH₂-的伸缩振动和表征苯环位取代872、810和746 cm^-1处吸收峰的透射率均有较大幅度的提高,并在1 060 cm^-1处出现C-O-C伸缩振动峰,以及荧光显微镜图像中出现新的改性粒子,表明交联剂的添加使THFS和基质沥青发生了缩合反应。     

单层碳纳米管的化学修饰

单层碳纳米管 (SWNT)是 Iijima博士 [1]于 1 993年首次发现的 .它具有非常独特的物理和化学性质 ,因而成为近年来研究的热点问题 .随着单层碳纳米管的合成技术和纯化研究的不断完善 [2～ 5] ,关于它的研究方向开始转向化学反应和应用研究 .由于单层碳纳米管不溶于水或有机溶剂而限制了对其化学性质的研究 .单层碳纳米管的端头是由碳的五元环和六元环组成的半球形 .氧化作用可将该端头打开并转化为羧基 ,从而与其它的化学试剂发生反应 .Liu Jie等 [6] 用浓硫酸和浓硝酸的混合物氧化单层碳纳米管 ,将之裁剪成 1 50～ 80 0 nm的“短管”.在…     

高岭石/甲酰胺插层的Raman和DRIFT光谱

用Raman和漫反射红外光谱研究高岭石/甲酰胺插层反应机理及插层作用对高岭石微结构的影响.     

稀土乙酰丙酮络合物的拉曼光谱(Ⅱ)

本文从拉曼光谱观察水合分子对无水、一水、三水稀土乙酰丙酮络合物的金属-氧(M-O)拉伸振动带的影响,发现无水络合物在400cm^-1附近只有一个振动带,一水络合物在400和415cm^-1附近有两个强度不等的振动带,它们的M-O振动频率随原子序数变化都呈“四分组”效应,而三水络合物400cm^-1附近带变形,且随轻、重稀土而异,从而干扰了镧系变化规律,没有系统的“四分组”效应。由于一水络合物415cm^-1附近带随脱水而消失,吸水而复现的可逆实验事实,修正了前文对415cm^-1附近带的指定,而归属于(M-O)H₂。络合物M-O拉伸带随水合分子变化反映灵敏,出现特征带形。     

基于CH3NH3PbI3单晶的Ta2O5顶栅双极性场效应晶体管

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (CH₃NH₃PbI₃) generally tends to show n-type semiconductor properties. In this work, a field-effect transistor (FET) device based on a CH₃NH₃PbI₃ single crystal with tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅) as the top gate dielectric was fabricated. The p-type field-effect transport properties of the device were observed in the dark. The hole mobility of the device extracted from transfer characteristics in the dark was 8.7×10^-5 cm²·V^-1·s^-1, which is one order of magnitude higher than that of polycrystalline FETs with SiO₂ as the bottom gate dielectric. In addition, the effect of light illumination on the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ single-crystal FET was studied. Light illumination strongly influenced the field effect of the device because of the intense photoelectric response of the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ single crystal. Different from a CH₃NH₃PbI₃ polycrystalline FET with a bottom gate dielectric, even with the top gate dielectric shielding, light illumination of 5.00 mW·cm^-2 caused the hole current to increase by one order of magnitude compared with that in the dark (V_GS (gate-source voltage)=V_DS (drain-source voltage)=20 V) and the photoresponsivity reached 2.5 A·W^-1. The introduction of Ta₂O₅ as the top gate dielectric selectively enhanced hole transport in the single-crystal FET, indicating that in the absence of external factors, by appropriate device design, CH₃NH₃PbI₃ also has potential for use in ambipolar transistors.     

Time-dependent fluctuations in infrared vsCH2 frequencies in acyl chain membranes of Acholeplasma laidlawii cells

We measured FT-IR spectra of intact Acholeplasma laidlawii cells grown at 37 °C on palmitic acid (C16:0) or on binary palmitic acid-d31/oleic acid (C16:0-d31/C18:1(9)) at an initial mole ratio of 2:3, which have been previously reported to produce significant fluctuations in CH₂ symmetric stretching (ν_sCH₂) and CD₂ asymmetric stretching (ν_aCD₂) frequencies (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1279 (1996) 49). Time courses for acyl chain ν_sCH₂ and ν_aCD₂ frequencies determined from fourth derivative spectra are presented. Fluctuations were detected with the C16:0 enriched cells at temperatures above 40 °C as well as with the cells enriched in 2:3 C16:0-d₃₁/C18:1(9). These observations at temperatures above 40 °C for the C16:0 enriched cells were not in agreement with the conclusion in the previous work by Moore et al. Our results have suggested that the 2850 cm⁻¹ ν_sCH₂ band comprises two components arising from trans and gauche conformations, and that the fluctuations in ν_sCH₂ frequency are caused by random temporal changes in the relative intensities of these two components.     

Density functional study of molecular properties of hydrazoic acid and methyl azide

Density functional calculations for hydrazoic acid HN₃ and methyl azide CH₃N₃ and for the respective singly ionized structures HN⁺₃ and CH₃N⁺₃ are reported. An analysis of the electrostatic solvent effects, based on the self-consistent reaction field approach, on the molecular properties and conformational equilibrium of CH₃N₃ is also reported. The results are sensitive to the basis set quality and show some dependence on the different representations for the exchange-correlation functions. For HN₃ very good agreement with experiment is observed for several properties, such as the geometry, dipole moment, vibrational frequencies and for the adiabatic first ionization energy. For CH₃N₃ the energy difference between eclipsed (ec) and staggered (st) conformers (δ_ec-st) is 2.5 kJ mol⁻¹, in good agreement with the experimental value (2.9 kJ mol⁻¹). However, for CH₃N⁺₃, δ_ec-st is −3.2 kJ mol⁻, reflecting a significant modification of the methyl group rotational potential after ionization. Solvent effects on the molecular properties of CH₃N₃ are important when it is solvated in a polar medium. The most significant modifications concern the dipole moment and the frequencies related to the CH₃ symmetric stretch and torsion vibrational modes.     

双二苯基-1-甲基咪唑膦氯化镍的制备及其电催化还原CO2的研究

以二苯基-1-甲基咪唑膦（dpim）为配体制备了一种新型的配合物催化剂Ni(dpim)₂Cl₂. 循环伏安研究表明,Ni(dpim)₂Cl₂配合物在氮气气氛下表现出两步还原的电化学行为,在-0.7 V下为两电子的不可逆还原,在-1.3 V下为单电子准可逆还原. 向电解液中通入CO₂后,在-1.3 V下的还原峰变得不可逆,且其峰电流从0.48 mA·cm^-2增大到0.55 mA·cm^-2. 在质子源（CH₃OH）存在的条件下,该还原峰电流可继续增大到0.72 mA·cm^-2. 该研究结果表明,Ni(dpim)₂Cl₂配合物对CO₂还原具有良好的电催化性能,且其电催化还原过程符合ECE机理. 在-1.3 V下恒电位电解得到的还原产物主要为CO,催化转换频率（Turnover of Frenquency, TOF）为0.17 s^-1.     

Polarized infrared spectroscopic study on changes in molecular orientation and interaction during phase transitions of a ferroelectric liquid crystal with a naphthalene ring

Temperature-dependent polarized infrared spectra were measured over the temperature range 105-30°C for a ferroelectric liquid crystal with a naphthalene ring (FLC-1) in the isotropic, smectic A (SmA), and chiral smectic C (SmC*) phases to investigate its molecular conformation, interactions, and alignment in each phase. It has been found, from the temperaturedependent spectral changes in the 1610-1600 cm^-1 region, that the degree of twist between the naphthalene and benzene rings of FLC-1 changes with temperature. The peak intensity of the band at 1606 cm^-1 containing contributions from both the benzene and naphthalene ring stretching modes begins to decrease, not suddenly but gradually, upon going from the SmA phase to the SmC* phase, suggesting that the molecular orientation of the two rings changes gradually between the two phases. The frequencies of two CH₂ stretching bands suggest that the disorder of the alkyl chain of FLC-1 is similar for the liquid crystal phase and the isotropic liquid phase. The splitting of the core C=O stretching band indicates that the resonance system consisting of the benzene ring and the C=O group in the core part of FLC-1 is involved in two kinds of intermolecular interaction between adjacent molecules in the liquid crystal phase.     

VPO催化剂前驱体的溶液法合成和结构研究

用丁烷代替苯为原料生产马来酸酐 ,是低碳烷烃选择氧化成功实现工业化的极少数例子之一 [1] ,其中 VPO复氧化物是唯一能高活性且高选择性地催化这一过程的催化剂 .因而 ,这一领域的研究备受关注 [2 ,3] .以 VPO铵盐单晶结构的研究为例 ,迄今已对α- NH4 V ( HPO4 ) [4 ] ,β- NH4 V ( HPO4 ) [5] ,NH4 VOPO4 [6 ] ,NH4 VOPO4 · H2 O[7] 和 α- NH4 VO2 HPO4 [8] 等进行了结构研究 .作为催化剂活性物质( VO) 2 P2 O7的前驱体 ,β- NH4 ( VO2 ) ( HPO4 )也曾被 Pulvin等 [9,10 ] 由粉末衍射数据推测分子组成为NH4 ( VO…     

范德华复合物Kr-C2H2的势能面和振转光谱的理论研究

采用[CCSD（T）]-F12方法和aug-cc-pVTZ基组,同时引入中心键函数（3s3p2d1f1g）构建了Kr-C₂H₂体系的高精度四维势能面.在构建势能面时考虑了分子间的振动方式及C₂H₂单体内的ν₁对称伸缩和ν₃反对称伸缩振动.将计算得到的四维势能面在Q₁方向和Q₃方向分别做积分得到C₂H₂单体分别处于振动基态和（ν₁,ν₃）=（1,1）激发态的平均势能面.计算结果表明,这2个平均势能面均存在2个等价的T型全局极小值和2个等价线性极小值.全局极小值的几何构型位于R=0.41 nm,θ=65.6°/114.4°,势阱深度为151.88 cm^-1.对径向部分采用离散变量表象法（DVR）,角度部分采用有限基组表象法（FBR）,并结合Lanczos循环算法计算了Kr-C₂H₂的振转能级和束缚态.计算结果表明,复合物在（ν₁,ν₃）=（1,1）区域的带心位移为-1.48 cm^-1,表现为红移,与实验值-1.38 cm^-1很接近;计算得到的红外跃迁频率也与实验值相吻合,说明得到的从头算势能面具有高精度.     

基于醛类交联剂的煤焦油沥青族组分改性石油沥青

以中温煤焦油沥青的四氢呋喃萃取物(THFS)对石油基质沥青进行改性,考察了掺混量、掺混温度和不同种类交联剂对改性沥青性能的影响,确定了THFS最佳掺混量为8%,最佳掺混温度为135℃,甲醛交联剂的最佳掺混量为0.8%,三聚甲醛的最佳掺混量为0.2%。考察了两两和单族组分对基质沥青的改性性能,发现重油(HS)使得改性沥青的针入度、延度增大,沥青烯(A)和甲苯不溶四氢呋喃可溶物(PA)提高感温性,软化点升高。随着醛类交联剂的添加,提高了改性沥青的抗老化性能;甲基(CH_3)、亚甲基(CH_2)透射峰强度逐渐变强,770-730 cm~(-1)、710-690 cm~(-1)和770-810 cm~(-1)苯环取代透射峰强度逐渐增强,1 010~(-1) 270 cm~(-1)处C-O-C伸缩振动峰逐渐增强;热解峰温向高温移动,残炭率增加2%;改性粒子呈现一种连续的流线分布,添加三聚甲醛的改性沥青的流线分布更加集中。     

Side-chain liquid crystalline polysiloxanes containing a cyanohydrin chiral centre

A number of new ferroelectric side chain liquid crystal homopolymers derived from poly(hydromethylsiloxane), their copolymers with different mesogens and with poly(dimethylsiloxane) backbones have been prepared. The transition temperatures of the monomers, homo and copolymers have been determined. The homopolymers exhibit S*_C and N* phases, while copolymers show only a S*_C phase. A measured spontaneous polarization value of monomer, 9b, is larger than 500 nC cm^-2.     

Structural property and function of D-erythro asymmetric chain sphingomyelins as studied by microcalorimetry and electron microscopy

D-erythro sphingomyelines (SM) having a defined acyl chain were synthesized with sphingosylphosphorylcholine as a starting material, and both a structural property and its relating phase transition phenomenon were compared between a symmetric chain length SM (palmitoyl-SM: C16-SM) and asymmetric chain length SMs (behenoyl-SM: C22-SM, lignoceryl-SM: C24-SM). Furthermore, effect of increasing a content of asymmetric chain SMs in the mixture systems of C22-SM/C16-SM, and C24-SM/C16-SM was investigated. The present calorimetric and electron microscopic studies revealed that (1) The main transition enthalpy is smaller for the asymmetric chain SMs than for the symmetric chain SM by about 3 kJ mol⁻¹, although the acyl chain length is longer for the former than for latter; (2) Relatively small size vesicles (100∼200 nm diameters) surrounded by one or more lamellae are observed for the asymmetric chain SMs, in contrast to large multilamellar vesicles (1500∼2500 nm diameters) having at least fifteen stained lamellae for the symmetric chain SM and (3) The coexisting asymmetric chain SMs cause the decrease in size and multiplicity for the MLV of the symmetric chain SM, simultaneously with a decrease in the main transition enthalpy.     

煤炭解耦燃烧过程N迁移与转化Ⅲ:多组分气相化学反应实验

在理想平推流反应器中进行了模拟热解气对模拟烟气中NO、N₂O的还原实验研究,考察了反应温度、过剩空气系数,模拟热解气中CH₄、CO、H₂、NH₃入口浓度与模拟烟气中NO、N₂O入口浓度对NO、N₂O与总氮转化率的影响。结果表明,向NH₃添加可燃气体CO、H₂、CH₄可使NO还原窗口向低温方向移动150~200 K,该温度窗口为1 073~1 223 K;但NH₃-CO-H₂-CH₄-O₂体系对NO、N₂O的还原分解作用依赖于体系的O₂浓度,仅在富燃料情形(过剩空气系数λ为0.6)下可分别达60.6%、100%的NO、N₂O脱除率;在反应温度1 073~1 223 K及过剩空气系数λ为0.6条件下,较高的热解气CH₄、CO、H₂浓度可增加NO排放,但有利于还原N₂O;增加NH₃入口浓度可增加NO分解率。     

人体乳腺癌组织红外光谱特征的研究

利用红外光谱法对正常乳腺组织、良性肿瘤和乳腺癌组织进行了对比研究.与正常组织的光谱相比,癌组织中蛋白质的某些氨基酸残基的ν_C-O(H)谱带位置明显向高波数位移,表明组织中该基团中的氢键大部分被破坏.蛋白质分子的氢键化的ν_NH谱带位置向低波数位移,且谱带形状也有所改变,说明NH…O=C氢键化程度增强.核酸的磷酸二酯基团的ν_s,PO₂^-谱带吸收强度明显增强,反映癌细胞内DNA相对含量增加;位于970cm^-1附近的ν_s,PO₃^{-谱带强度增加,提示细胞中磷酸化蛋白含量增加.而胶原蛋白的特征谱带强度减弱,说明其相对含量减少.研究证明,红外光谱可在分子水平上揭示乳腺肿瘤的特征.}     

多碳醇类化合物的合成

本文由正-二十四烷酸与五氯化磷反应,得到的二十四烷酰氯在氯仿中和三乙胺存在下与1-吗啉-1-环己烯反应所得中间体,经酸性水解,碱性开环和酸化,得到7-氧代-三十烷酸,而据文献报导[7],正-二十四烷酞氯与1-吗啉-1-环己烯反应结果,得到的仍然是原料二十四烷酸。作者采用上述方法合成了五种新的7-氧代烷酸R-C(=O)-(CH²)⁵-COOH(R=n-C₁₄H₂₉,n-C₁₆H₃₃,n-C₁₈H₃₇,n-C₂₁H₄₃和n-C₂₃H₄₇)。所制得的7-氧代三十烷酸经黄鸣龙改良的开息纳尔-武尔夫还原,再经四氢锂铝还原,即得三十烷醇。