A new spiro-type limonoid from Azadirachta indica A. Juss

A rare spiro-type limonoid spirodione (1) was isolated from the seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Its structure was elucidated through analysis of the spectroscopic data including HRESIMS, NMR, etc., and the absolute configurations were assigned by comparison of experimental and TDDFT-calculated ECD spectra. 1 showed moderate activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922 and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 with MICs of 16 and 64?μg/mL, respectively.     

A new lactam 28-norlimonoid from the leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae)

From an EtOAc-soluble fraction of the leaves of Azadirachta indica, one new lactam 28-norlimonoid named nimbandiolactam-21 (1), together with 2 known limonoids (2 and 3) were isolated. Their relative structures were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic analysis. Nimbandiolactone-23 (2) showed the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 38.7 μM. Compound 1 represents the first naturally occurring example of a 28-norlimonoid having the lactam moiety. The plausible biosynthetic pathway for the formation of lactam moiety in 1 was proposed.     

A new compound with cytotoxic activities from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

A new compound, 3,6,20（S）-trihydroxy- 12,23-epoxydammar-24-ene,6,20-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （1）, was isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, whose structural elucidation was carried out by means of spectral analysis （including IR, HR- FAB-MS and NMR）. This compound showed the moderate cytotoxic activities against U937 and HeLa cells by using the MTT method.     

A new steroidal alkaloid from Beaumontia grandiflora

A new steroidal alkaloid,beaumontamine(1),was isolated from the stems of Beaumontia grandiflora.The structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.     

A new alkaloid from Solanum cathayanum

A new alkaloid compound I was obtained from Solanum cathayanum, a folk medicine of Hubei Province, together with a known alkaloid, orotic acid ethyl ester. On the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical methods, I was identified as 8-hydroxy-3-methoxy- 5H-pyrido[2, 1-c]pyrazin-5-one. Compound I can inhibit the production of NO in peritoneal macrophage of mice induced with LPS. The content of NO was determined by enzyme methods. 2007 Jun Zhi Wang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.     

Azadirachta indica A. Juss. In Vivo Toxicity—An Updated Review

The Neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., is known for its large spectrum of compounds with biological and pharmacological interest. These include, among others, activities that are anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. Some neem compounds are also used as insecticides, herbicides, and/or antifeedants. The safety of these compounds is not always taken into consideration and few in vivo toxicity studies have been performed. The current study is a literature review of the latest in vivo toxicity of A. indica. It is divided in two major sections—aquatic animals toxicity and mammalian toxicity—each related to neem’s application as a pesticide or a potential new therapeutic drug, respectively.     

Dihydrobenzofuran Norlignans from the Leaves of Cedrela sinensis A. Juss

Two new norlignans, cedralins A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ), were isolated from the leaves of Cedrela sinensis. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic studies and chemical evidence. The absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by comparing their CD spectra with those of known compounds. In addition, their in vitro cytotoxic activity against two human‐cancer cell lines was evaluated.     

A new flavanoid from the flowers of Azadirachta indica

Studies on the chemical constituents of the flowers of Azadirachta indica have led to the isolation of one new flavanone named as azharone (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-(3'-methyl-2',3'-epoxybutyl)flavan-4-one (3)) along with two known constituents azadirone (1), and isoazadironolide (2). Their structures have been elucidated through spectral studies including 2D-NMR (COSY-45, NOESY, J-resolved, HMQC, HMBC) experiments.     

A new phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid from Tylophora indica

A new phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, 3-O-demethyl tylophorinidine (VI), was isolated from the aerial (leaves and stem) parts of Tylophora indica and characterized using different spectral techniques. Gel chromatography and reverse phase preparative HPLC were used for sample purification. The new alkaloid, VI, was screened for anticancer activity against a panel of different cancer cell lines and it showed significant anticancer activity with IC₅₀ value in the range of 0.89?C1.40 ??M.     

A new limonoid from the seeds of Citrus reticulata Blanco

A new limonoid, named Citriolide-A (1), along with the known structurally related compounds 2-5, was isolated from the liposoluble extract of the seeds of Citrus reticulata Blanco. The structure of Citriolide-A (1) was elucidated by means of EI, 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 exhibited medium cytotoxicity against P-388 and A-549 cell lines.     

A new veratramine alkaloid from the bulbs of Fritillaria hupehensis

A new highly conjugated alkaloid of veratramine type, 225,25S,5α-veratramine-7(8),12(14)-diene-3β,13β,23β-triol-6-one (1), was isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria hupehensis Hsiao et K.C. Hsia. Its structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences.     

Two new cytotoxic sesquiterpenoids from Solanum lyratum

Two new sesquiterpenoids,attributable to eudesmane-type（1 and 2,named solajiangxins F and G）,were isolated from the whole plant of Solanum lyratum.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of integrated spectroscopic techniques.In vitro,compounds 1 and 2 were found to show signifcant cytotoxic activity against selected cancer cells,including P-388,HONE-1 and HT-29.     

A new cytotoxic limonoid from Odontadenia macrantha from the Suriname rainforest

Bioassay‐guided fractionation of the methanol extract of Odontadenia macrantha afforded a new limonoid, odontadenin A (1) and two known triterpenoids, lupeol (2) and α‐amyrin (3). The structure of 1 was established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and high‐resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric data. The new compound was found to possess moderate cytotoxicity against A2780, the ovarian cancer cell line. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new tetracyclic triterpenoid from the leaves of Azadirachta indica

A new tetracyclic triterpenoid zeeshanol [25,26,27-trinor-apotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6alpha-, 21-dihydroxy, 7alpha-acetoxy, 1,14,22-tri-en-3, 16-dione] (1) along with a known constituent desfurano-6alpha-hydroxyazadiradione (2) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of Azadirachta indica. The structure and the relative configurations of 1 were determined by the spectroscopic method (1H- and 13C-NMR, IR, and MS) and 2D-NMR experiments.     

A new cytotoxic carbazole alkaloid from Clausena excavata

A new carbazole alkaloid, 3-carbomethoxy-2-hydroxy-7-methoxycarbazole, Clausine-TY (1), together with two known carbazole alkaloid, Clausine-H (2) and Clausine-B (3), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of the Malaysian Clausena excavata. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. The new carbazole alkaloid shows significant cytotoxicity against CEM-SS cell line.     

A new alkaloid from Castanea mollissima Blume

A new alkaloid, named 6-（2＇,3＇-dihydroxy-4＇-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-1＇-yl）cyclopentadiene[c]pyrrole-1,3-diol, was isolated from the seeds of Castanea mollissima Blume. The structure was elucidated based on spectroscopic evidence including 2D NMR techniques.     

Total synthesis of the cytotoxic alkaloid 22-hydroxyacuminatine

The total synthesis of the cytotoxic alkaloid 22-hydroxyacuminatine has been achieved in 14.9% overall yield starting from 2-methylcinnamic acid via the key intermediate 5-ethoxymethylisoquinolin-1-one.     

Azadirachtin as a Biomarker Compound in HPTLC Assay of Seed and Seed Oil of Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC -     

Natural control of bacteria affecting meat quality by a neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) cake extract

The antibacterial activity of an ethylacetate neem cake extract (NCE) against bacteria that affect meat quality, namely Campylobacter jejuni, Carnobacterium spp., Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus sakei and Leuconostoc sp., is reported. The antibacterial activity was detected using standardised disc diffusion and macrodilution methods. The bacterial growth inhibition zone ranged from 11.33 ± 0.58 to 22.67 ± 0.58 mm (100 μL NCE). There is significant difference between the growth inhibition zone of NCE and the control (ciprofloxacin 100 μg). The percent of bacterial growth reduction range was 79.75 ± 1.53 to 90.73 ± 1.53 (100 μg NCE) as compared with control (without NCE). NCE in different amounts counteracted the growth of all tested bacteria.     

A new cytotoxic biflavonoid from the rhizome of Wikstroemia indica

One new chalcone-flavone biflavonoid, 3′-hydroxydaphnodorin A (1), together with 12 known biflavonoids (2–13), was isolated from the rhizome of Wikstroemia indica. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods. Eight isolated compounds 1–3, 6, 7, 9, 12 and 13 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against cancer-derived cell lines Hep3B, HepG2 and CNE2, and 1 was found to possess moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2 and CNE2 cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 65.5 ± 11.4 and 53.6 ± 10.1 μM, respectively.