Intermolecular alkyne hydroaminations involving 1,1-disubstituted hydrazines

[reaction: see text] Two readily prepared catalysts have been developed for the hydroamination of alkynes by 1,1-disubstituted hydrazines. The catalyses are facile with terminal alkynes and some internal alkynes. If the hydrazine bears an aryl group, Fischer cyclization can occur in a one-pot procedure. In addition, reactions with acetylene to produce a plethora of hydrazones are described. Catalytic reactions involving acetylene and substituted hydrazines are complete in less than 2 h at room temperature and 1 atm of pressure.     

Molybdenum-catalyzed episulfidation of (E)-cycloalkenes with elemental sulfur

Episulfidation of (E)-cyclooctene and (E)-cyclononene was achieved with elemental sulfur by using a catalytic amount of a molybdenum oxo complex.     

A chemo- and stereoselective reduction of cycloalkynes to (E)-cycloalkenes

A stereoselective entry into (E)-cycloalkenes is described, comprising the ring closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM) of suitable diynes, a ruthenium-catalyzed trans-selective hydrosilylation of the cycloalkynes thus formed, followed by a desilylation of the resulting vinylsilanes mediated by AgF.     

Intramolecular alkene hydroaminations catalyzed by a bis(thiophosphinic amidate) Zr(IV) complex

A neutral Zr(IV) complex has been shown to be an effective precatalyst for intramolecular alkene hydroaminations that provide cyclic amines in good to excellent yields.     

Modification of amyloid-beta peptide aggregation via photoactivation of strained Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes

Alzheimer''s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive and irreversible damage to the brain. One of the hallmarks of the disease is the presence of both soluble and insoluble aggregates of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide in the brain, and these aggregates are considered central to disease progression. Thus, the development of small molecules capable of modulating Aβ peptide aggregation may provide critical insight into the pathophysiology of AD. In this work we investigate how photoactivation of three distorted Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes (Ru1–3) alters the aggregation profile of the Aβ peptide. Photoactivation of Ru1–3 results in the loss of a 6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl (6,6′-dmb) ligand, affording cis-exchangeable coordination sites for binding to the Aβ peptide. Both Ru1 and Ru2 contain an extended planar imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline ligand, as compared to a 2,2′-bipyridine ligand for Ru3, and we show that the presence of the phenanthroline ligand promotes covalent binding to Aβ peptide His residues, and in addition, leads to a pronounced effect on peptide aggregation immediately after photoactivation. Interestingly, all three complexes resulted in a similar aggregate size distribution at 24 h, forming insoluble amorphous aggregates as compared to significant fibril formation for peptide alone. Photoactivation of Ru1–3 in the presence of pre-formed Aβ_1–42 fibrils results in a change to amorphous aggregate morphology, with Ru1 and Ru2 forming large amorphous aggregates immediately after activation. Our results show that photoactivation of Ru1–3 in the presence of either monomeric or fibrillar Aβ_1–42 results in the formation of large amorphous aggregates as a common endpoint, with Ru complexes incorporating the extended phenanthroline ligand accelerating this process and thereby limiting the formation of oligomeric species in the initial stages of the aggregation process that are reported to show considerable toxicity.

Photoactivation of a series of Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes leads to ligand exchange and modulation of amyloid-beta peptide aggregation of relevance to Alzheimer''s disease.     

Asymmetric Hydrative Aldol Reaction (HAR) via Vinyl-Gold Promoted Intermolecular Ynamide Addition to Aldehydes

Herein, we reported an intermolecular asymmetric hydrative aldol reaction through vinyl-gold intermediate under ambient conditions. This tandem alkyne hydration and sequential nucleophilic addition afforded a “base-free” approach to β-hydroxy amides with high efficiency (up to 95 % yields, >50 examples). Vinyl gold intermediate was applied as reactive nucleophile and Fe(acac)₃ was used as the critical co-catalyst to prevent undesired protodeauration, allowing this transformation to proceed under mild conditions with good functional group tolerance and excellent stereoselectivity (>20 : 1 d.r. and up to 99 % ee).     

Intermolecular Alkene Difunctionalization via Gold-Catalyzed Oxyarylation

The gold-catalyzed intermolecular oxyarylation of alkenes is reported. This work employed the oxidative addition of aryl iodides to Me−DalphosAu⁺ for the formation of a Au^III−Ar intermediate. The better binding ability of alkenes over O nucleophiles ensured the success of intermolecular oxyarylation, giving desired products with a broad substrate scope and high efficiency (>50 examples with up to 95 % yield). One-pot converting of methoxy groups into other nucleophiles allowed achieving alkene difunctionalization with the construction of C−N, C−S, and C−C bonds under mild conditions.     

Enantioselective intramolecular alkene hydroaminations catalyzed by yttrium complexes of axially chiral bis(thiolate) ligands

[structure: see text] A yttrium(III) complex derived from proligand 7c has been shown to be a superior catalyst for enantioselective intramolecular alkene hydroaminations that provide cyclic amines with ee's ranging from 69% to 89%.     

Intermolecular electron-transfer mechanisms via quantitative structures and ion-pair equilibria for self-exchange of anionic (dinitrobenzenide) donors

Definitive X-ray structures of "separated" versus "contact" ion pairs, together with their spectral (UV-NIR, ESR) characterizations, provide the quantitative basis for evaluating the complex equilibria and intrinsic (self-exchange) electron-transfer rates for the potassium salts of p-dinitrobenzene radical anion (DNB(-)). Three principal types of ion pairs, K(L)(+)DNB(-), are designated as Classes S, M, and C via the specific ligation of K(+) with different macrocyclic polyether ligands (L). For Class S, the self-exchange rate constant for the separated ion pair (SIP) is essentially the same as that of the "free" anion, and we conclude that dinitrobenzenide reactivity is unaffected when the interionic distance in the separated ion pair is r(SIP) > or =6 Angstroms. For Class M, the dynamic equilibrium between the contact ion pair (with r(CIP) = 2.7 Angstroms) and its separated ion pair is quantitatively evaluated, and the rather minor fraction of SIP is nonetheless the principal contributor to the overall electron-transfer kinetics. For Class C, the SIP rate is limited by the slow rate of CIP right arrow over left arrow SIP interconversion, and the self-exchange proceeds via the contact ion pair by default. Theoretically, the electron-transfer rate constant for the separated ion pair is well-accommodated by the Marcus/Sutin two-state formulation when the precursor in Scheme 2 is identified as the "separated" inner-sphere complex (IS(SIP)) of cofacial DNB(-)/DNB dyads. By contrast, the significantly slower rate of self-exchange via the contact ion pair requires an associative mechanism (Scheme 3) in which the electron-transfer rate is strongly governed by cationic mobility of K(L)(+) within the "contact" precursor complex (IS(CIP)) according to the kinetics in Scheme 4.     

金催化分子间氧化炔合成5-(3-吲哚基)-噁唑天然产物

一价金配合物催化的研究,为天然产物和生物活性分子的全合成开辟了新颖简捷的途径.描述了一条简便直接、高效、环境友好的噁唑类天然产物的合成路线.该路线以吲哚为原料,经过碘化,N-Boc保护,Sonogashira偶联,金催化成环反应(72%～88%),脱保护等5步反应合成目标物.关键反应是在金催化下8-甲基喹啉氮氧化物与炔(2)间产生α-羰基金卡宾中间体.     

Intermolecular Stetter reaction of aromatic aldehydes with (E)-(2-nitrovinyl)cyclohexane induced by N-heterocyclic carbene and thiourea

Intermolecular Stetter reaction of aromatic aldehydes with (E)-(2-nitrovinyl)cyclohexane catalyzed by thiazolium A has been developed. The reaction rate and efficiency are profoundly impacted by the presence of thiourea B. The reaction affords moderate to good yields of the Stetter product. Some factors influencing yield were discussed.     

叠氮化氢二聚体的分子间相互作用

通过ａｂ ｉｎｉｔｉｏＨＦ／６－３１Ｇ＊计算求得叠氮化氢二聚体（ＨＮ３）２势能面上四种优化结构型,经ＭＰ４ＳＤＴＱ电子相关校正和基组叠加误差２校正求得这些构型下的分子间相互作用能。结果表明,在四种优化构型中Ｎ３Ｈ．．．ＮＨＮ２最稳定,其分子间相互作用能为－１６．０７ＫＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１。     

Stereoselective Synthesis of (2E)-,(2E,4E)-Unsaturated Carboxamides via Tellurium Ylides

Reaction of dibutyl(alkylcarbamoylmethyl) tellurium halides with aldehydes in presence of potassium carbonate gave α, β-unsaturated carboxamidee with high E-selectivity and good yields.     

Highly stereoselective synthesis of (2E,4E)-dienamides and (2E,4E)-dienoates via a double elimination reaction

Highly stereoselective synthesis of (2E,4E)-dienamides and (2E,4E)-dienoates was achieved through a double elimination reaction of β-acetoxy sulfones.     

Synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-alpha-alkylidene-gamma-aryl-gamma-butyrolactones via alkenylalumination of oxiranes

Alkenylalumination of substituted styrene oxides with [alpha-(ethoxycarbonyl)alkenyl]diisobutylaluminum, in the presence of BF(3).Et(2)O, affords the corresponding (Z)-alpha-alkylidene-gamma-aryl-gamma-hydroxy esters in 81-100% Z-selectivity. Chromatographic separation of isomers, followed by lactonization with trifluoroacetic acid, provides isomerically pure (Z)-alpha-alkylidene-gamma-aryl-gamma-butyrolactones in 53-78% overall yield. Isomerization of the (Z)-alkylidene hydroxyl esters using LDA, followed by protonation using a bulky proton source, such as BHT, provides a simple route to the corresponding alpha-(E)-alkylidene-gamma-phenyl-gamma-hydroxy esters in 72-78% yield, which were cyclized to obtain the corresponding (E)-butyrolactones in 78-85% yield.     

Functionalized oxepines via fragmentation of highly strained epoxides

[Structure: see text] Epoxidation of highly strained cyclobutenes followed by thermal rearrangement provides a new entry into oxepine-containing bicyclo[5.3.0] ring systems. In contrast to the rearrangement of the corresponding cyclopropanated systems, the strained epoxides in this study are believed to fragment through two competing pathways leading to a mixture of diastereomeric 5-7 ring systems.