Electromagnetic and microwave absorbing properties of Co2Z-type hexaferrites doped with La

Z-type ferrites doped with La³⁺, Ba_3−xLa_xCo₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ (x=0.00-0.30), were prepared by sol-gel method. The effect of the substitution La³⁺ rare-earth ions for Ba²⁺ ions on the microstructure, complex permeability, permittivity and microwave absorption of the samples was investigated. The results show that the major phase of the ferrites changed to Z-phase when sintering temperature was 1250 °C for 5 h. With the increase of the substitution ratio of La³⁺ ions from 0.0 to 0.3, the lattice parameters a and c increased gradually, which resulted in the change of the particle shape and size. The data of magnetism showed that the addition of La³⁺ ions make the ferrite a better soft magnetic material due to increase of magnetization (σ_s) and decrease of coercivity (H_c). The La³⁺ ions doped in the ferrite not only improved complex permeability and complex permittivity, but also microwave absorbency.     

Effects of Gd substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of strontium hexaferrites

The effect of Gd substitution in M-type strontium hexaferrites has been examined in two series of samples, (_Sr1-xGdx)O·5.25$({\mathrm{Sr}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{Gd}}_x)\mathrm{O}·5.25$_Fe2O3${\mathrm{Fe}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$ and _{Sr1-xGdxFe12-xCoxO19}${\mathrm{Sr}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{Gd}}_x{\mathrm{Fe}}_{12-x}{\mathrm{Co}}_x{\mathrm{O}}_{19}$, both prepared by the ceramic method, where x=0–0.40$x=0–0.40$. The samples have been characterized by XRD, VSM and SEM-EDAX techniques. All substituted samples present primarily the hexaferrite structure. Sample (_{Sr0.95Gdx0.05})O·5.25$({\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.95}{\mathrm{Gd}}_{x0.05})\mathrm{O}·5.25$_Fe2O3${\mathrm{Fe}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$ is single phase. Formation of impurity phases is affected by stoichiometry and presence of Co. In Sr–Gd samples, coercivity showed a maximum value of 305 kA/m (3.8 kOe) for x=0.20$x=0.20$, while remanence and saturation magnetization did not decrease. Coercivity and magnetization in the Sr–Gd–Co series decreased steadily with substitution degree.     

Improving magnetic properties of barium hexaferrites by La or Pr substitution

La or Pr substituted barium hexaferrites, Ba_1−x(La or Pr)_xFe₁₂O₁₉, x=0.00-0.20, were successfully prepared by a citrate combustion process. The sintered bodies were structurally and magnetically studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). All XRD patterns show the single phase of the magnetoplumbite barium ferrite without other intermediate phases. Magnetization (M_S) and coercive field (H_C) could be improved by substitutions of La or Pr ions on Ba ion basis sites. The M_S reveal magnetic behavior with respect to La or Pr ions content, showing an increase at first and then a decrease. The H_C increases remarkably with increasing La or Pr ions content.     

Optical characterization of Mn, Ni and Co ions doped zinc lead borate glasses

This paper reports on the development and optical characterization of heavy metal oxide (HMO)-based transparent glasses in the chemical composition of 15PbO-40B₂O₃-(45−x) ZnO−x TM²⁺ (=Mn²⁺ or Ni²⁺ or Co²⁺) (where x=0.2, 0.5 mol%). For these glasses both absorption and emission spectra have been measured, in order to understand their optical performances. The XRD profiles have confirmed their glassy nature and the FTIR spectral features have been analyzed. From the emission spectra, a bright green emission (538 nm) from Mn²⁺-glasses, an intense red emission (670 nm) from Ni²⁺ and from Co²⁺ (625 nm) glasses have been noticed very clearly. Based on the UV-absorption spectra of these materials, both direct and indirect bond gaps have been computed. Apart from the spectral analysis, different physical properties of these glasses have also been carried out. Due to the presence of both PbO and ZnO, these glasses are found to be good moisture-resistant optical systems. Both optical and physical properties have been found to be more encouraging towards their use as novel luminescent optical materials.     

Preparation and characterization of Co–Pt bimetallic magnetic nanoparticles

CoPt₃ nanoparticles are synthesized by a two-stage route using NaBH₄ as a reductant. The nanoparticles are characterized by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Structural and spectroscopic studies show that the nanoparticles adopt a face-centered-cubic (FCC) crystalline structure with an average particle size of 2.6 nm. SQUID studies reveal that as-synthesized nanoparticles are superparamagnetic at room temperature and ferromagnetic at 1.85 K with coercivity of 980 Oe. Annealing of the samples at 500 °C causes an increase of particle size and a decrease of coercivity.     

Tailoring the optical and magnetic properties of La-BaM hexaferrites by Ni substitution

We investigate the impact of Ni insertion on the structural,optical,and magnetic properties of Ba_0.8La_0.2Fe_12-xNi_xO₁₉hexaferrites(Ni substituted La-BaM hexaferrites).Samples were prepared using the conventional co-precipitation method and sintered at 1000℃for 4 hours to assist the crystallization process.An analysis of the structure of the samples was carried out using an x-ray diffraction(XRD)spectrometer.The M-type hexagonal structure of all the samples was confirmed using XRD spectra.The lattice parameters a and c were found to be in the ranges of 5.8925±0.001 nm–5.8952±0.001 nm and 23.2123±0.001 nm–23.2219±0.001 nm,respectively.The M-type hexagonal nature of the prepared samples was also indicated by the presence of corresponding FT-IR bands and Raman modes in the FT-IR and Raman spectra,respectively.EDX results confirmed the successful synthesis of the samples according to the required stoichiometric ratio.A UV-vis spectrometer was used to record the absorption spectra of the prepared samples in the wavelength range of 200 nm–1100 nm.The optical energy bandgap of the samples was found to be in the range of 1.21 eV–3.39 eV.The M–H loops of the samples were measured at room temperature at an applied magnetic field range of 0 kOe–60 kOe.A high saturation magnetization of 99.92 emu/g was recorded in the sample with x=0 at a microwave operating frequency of 22.2 GHz.This high value of saturation magnetization is due to the substitution of La3+ions at the spin-up(12k,2a,and 2b)sites.The Ni substitution is proven to be a potential candidate for the tuning of the optical and magnetic parameters of M-type hexaferrites.Therefore,we suggest that the prepared samples are suitable for use in magneto-optic applications.     

Preparation and magnetic properties of La-Mn and La-Co doped barium hexaferrites prepared via an improved co-precipitation/molten salt method

La-Mn and La-Co doped barium hexaferrites of formula Ba_(1−x)La_xFe_(12−x)M_xO₁₉ (M=Mn, Co) (x=0.05 to 0.40) were prepared with an improved co-precipitation/molten salt method. For the synthesis, aqueous solutions of the appropriate metal chlorides were prepared in the ratio required except that the initial mole ratio of Fe and dopants to Ba was chosen to be 11:1, and then mixed with excess Na₂CO₃. The solutions were then cooled, filtered off, dried, then mixed with KCl flux, and heated at 450 °C and for 2 h. The temperature was then raised to 950 °C and kept for 4 h, then cooled. This new synthesis method, which employs a lower temperature and shorter reaction time, gives products with improved crystallinity and purity while the saturation magnetization and coercivity values are comparable with those synthesized via the high temperature method.     

Effect of strontium substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of La1.8Sr0.2MMnO6 (M = Ni,Co)-layered manganites

Sr-substituted perovskites, La_1.8Sr_0.2MMnO₆ (M = Ni, Co), were synthesized using the solid-state reaction technique to present a systematic study on their morphological, structural and magnetic properties. The average grain size of the as-prepared La_1.8Sr_0.2NiMnO₆ samples are in the range of 0.2–0.7 µm and those for La_1.8Sr_0.2CoMnO₆ manganites are 0.1–2.8 μm, which is significantly less than that of unsubstituted La₂NiMnO₆ (LNMO) and La₂CoMnO₆ (LCMO) manganites. The XPS analysis enlightened about phase purity, binding energy and oxygen vacancy of La_1.8Sr_0.2MMnO₆ manganites. The Sr-substituted LNMO has revealed a sharp ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition at 160 ± 2 K, which is about 120 K less than that of parent LNMO. The Sr-substituted LCMO exhibited such a transition at 220 ± 2 K, which is 8 K less than that of parent LCMO. The temperature-dependent magnetization measurements suggest that the effect of Sr on the transition temperature in LNMO is more significant than that of LCMO.     

Magnetic susceptibility of CdSb doped with Mn,Fe, Ni and La

This paper is devoted to the study of the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of CdSb doped with Mn, Fe, Ni and La. Analyzing the measured curves on the assumption that the impurities are substitutional and using the Hall constant measurements, we were able to determine the magnetic moments of Fe and Ni impurities and to obtain some information concerning the bond of these atoms with their nearest neighbours. The impurities Mn and La are dissolved in CdSb only partly as substitutional impurities, the major part most probably forming with antimony a new phase which is strongly paramagnetic and fully overgrows the diamagnetism of the parent semiconductor compound.     

Ni掺杂II-VI族团簇的稳定性和磁性质

本文采用第一性原理密度泛函理论系统的研究了Ni原子单掺杂和双掺杂II-VI族(ZnTe)12和(ZnSe)12团簇的稳定性和磁性质。研究发现,Ni掺杂增强了团簇的稳定性。团簇磁矩主要来自Ni-3d态的贡献,4s和4p态也贡献了一小部分磁矩。由于轨道杂化,相邻的Te、Se原子上也产生少量自旋。Ni原子之间的磁性耦合是短程相互作用。最重要的是,两种双掺杂团簇都存在铁磁耦合,在纳米量子器件领域有潜在的应用价值。     

Synthesis and the magnetic characterization of iridium–cobalt substituted calcium hexaferrites

M-type hexagonal ferrite powder with partial substitution lr⁴⁺+Co²⁺ has been synthesized by chemical-coprecipitation technique. The saturation magnetization M_s decreases linearly from 69.8 to 40.3 emu/g with increasing doping content from 0.5 to 1. The Coerecivity sharply drops for x=0.5, which can be explained by the decrease of the anisotropy constant K₁ Curie temperature T_c decreases linearly with increasing ‘x’. Crystallographic studies were explained on the cation distribution consistent with Gorter spin model of parallel alignment.     

Zn掺杂La2CuO4热电势和磁化率研究

测量了La2CuO4掺Zn样品在不同降温速率下(330K保温05h,然后分别以6Kh,02Ks的速度降到8K)的直流磁化率和热电势.实验结果表明,反铁磁温度TN不随降温速率变化而变化,其直流磁化率也未受很大影响.高温热电势弱的温度依赖关系表明为极化子气体的贡献.热电势在转折温度Tdrop之下的快速降低是由于二维反铁磁涨落的贡献.热电势在更低温度的拐点TS与载流子的局域化有关.降温速率变化时,Tdrop和TS都有明显的变化.Zn掺杂对Tdrop和TS没有明显影响,但导致了更强的载流子局域化.讨论了上述现象产生的物理图像 关键词： La2CuO4 直流磁化率 热电势     

Probing magnetic order in heavily doped La2-xSrxNiO4+\delta with μSR

We report μSR measurements on a series of compounds with composition La_2-xSr_xNiO_4+\delta where the net hole concentration x+2\delta is greater than 0.4. A magnetic transition is found in all the samples studied which occurs at a composition‐dependent temperature T_M. Below T_M, clear precession signals are observed in zero applied magnetic field. The possible muon sites are discussed within the context of dipole‐field calculations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Preparation and characterization of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cathode materials for lithium-ion battery

Lithium-rich cathode materials Li_1.2Ni_0.13Co_0.13Mn_0.54O₂ with (sample SF) and without (sample SP) formamide was synthesized by a spray-dry method. The crystalline structure and particle morphology of as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The specific surface area (SSA) of the Li_1.2Ni_0.13Co_0.13Mn_0.54O₂ prepared from different routes was determined by a five-point Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method using N₂ as absorbate gas. Being compared with the material synthesized without spray-drying process (sample CP), sample SP has much higher SSA. The additive formamide is helpful to form regular and solid precursor particles in spray-drying process, which results in a slightly aggregation of grains and reduction of SSA for sample SF. The electrochemical activities of the materials are closely related to their morphology and SSA. In the voltage range of 2–4.8 V at 25 °C, sample SP present a discharge capacity of 257 mAh g^?1 at 0.1 C rate and 170 mAh g^?1 at 1 C rate. The sample CP delivered only 136 mAh g^?1 when discharged at 1 C rate. The elevated specific capacity and rate capability are attributed to smaller primary particle and higher SSA. Both cycle performance and rate capability of Li_1.2Ni_0.13Co_0.13Mn_0.54O₂ were improved when formamide was used in spray-dry process. Discharge capacity of SF is 140.5 mAh g^?1 at 2 C rate, and that of SP is 132.3 mAh g^?1. Overlarge SSA of SP may provoke serious side reaction, so that its electrochemical performance was deteriorated.     

Synthesis and characterization of hexagonal ferrite Co2Sr2Fe12O22 with doped polypyrrole composites

Y-type hexagonal ferrite Co₂Sr₂Fe₁₂O₂₂ was prepared by microemulsion route. A conducting polymer, polypyrrole was chemically synthesized and doped with dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid (PPy·DBSA). FTIR and magnetic properties of Co₂Sr₂Fe₁₂O₂₂ were investigated and compared with composite made by mixing the Co₂Sr₂Fe₁₂O₂₂ with this conducting polymer PPy–DBSA by 1:1 molar ratio. Phase analysis was performed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showing heterogonous distribution of grains. The field dependent magnetic properties of the prepared samples were investigated at room temperature by using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It has been observed that mixing of polymer in ferrite plays a crucial role in enhancing the coercivity, while saturation magnetization (M_s) and remanance were observed to decrease. Due to fine grain size, the density of grain boundaries increases where the domain wall pinning can take place, hence the coercivity of the composite samples increases. Appreciable improved value of coercivity guaranteed the use of these synthesized materials in the recording media, which is =1896(Oe) in the present samples. The suitable signal-to-noise ratio in the high density recording media can be achieved due to small particles size of this synthesized composite, which is expected in the present ferrite–polymer composite sample.     

Preparation and characterization of long persistence strontium aluminate phosphor

Long afterglow green phosphor SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺ is synthesized by a solid-state reaction method at 1350 °C under mild reducing atmosphere of activated carbon. The effects of B₂O₃ flux on the sintering dynamic process and the optimum concentrations of Eu²⁺ and Dy³⁺ for long-lasting bright luminescence property have been investigated. The effect of a small amount of charge compensators like Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ on long persistence has also been studied. TG/DTA, SEM, and XRD have been used to characterize the synthesized phosphor.     

Solvothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline zinc oxide doped with Mn2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Cr3+ ions

ZnO nanopowders doped with Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺ and Cr³⁺ ions have been synthesised for the first time using a solvothermal reaction with microwave heating. The nanopowders were produced from a solution of zinc acetate and manganese (II), chromium (III), nickel (II) and cobalt (II) acetates, using ethylene glycol as a solvent. The content of Ni²⁺, Co²⁺ and Cr³⁺ ions in the solution and in the solid phase were close to each other up to 5 mol%. The doping level of Mn²⁺ ions in the solid is about 50% of that in the solution. No phases or compounds other than ZnO were detected by X-ray diffraction with Mn²⁺, Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ doping. With Cr³⁺ ions a small amount of chromium oxide was found. None of the powders displayed any luminescence after doping. The Mn²⁺-doped powder displayed a paramagnetic behaviour. ESR and magnetisation investigations have revealed that no clustering of Mn²⁺ ions occurred up to a doping level of 3.9 mol%. The average grain size of powders doped with Ni²⁺, Cr³⁺, Co²⁺ and Mn²⁺ for a 10 mol% ion content in the solution was about 20 nm and the grain size dispersion 30%. With increasing dopant content the grain size decreased. It appears that the solvothermal process employed allows relatively high doping levels of the transition metal ions to be achieved without any dopant clustering or oxide precipitation.     

Synthesis,characterization and magnetic properties of lightly doped La2−xSrxCuO4 (x = 0.04) nanoparticles

Lightly doped La_2−xSr_xCuO₄ (x = 0.04) nanoparticles with different particle sizes have been successfully prepared by a sol–gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared transmission (IR) spectra and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. All samples are single phase and have an orthorhombic unit cell. As the particle size reduces, it is found that the IR band at around 685 cm⁻¹ corresponding to the in-plane Cu–O asymmetrical stretching mode shifts to higher frequency and the magnetization exhibits a large enhancement at low temperature. The magnetic susceptibility of all samples follows a modulated Curie law between ∼20 K and ∼100 K and the Curie constant displays a strong dependence on the particle size. It is suggested that as the particle size decreases surface effects should play an important role in the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles.