Ratios of magnetic charge to charge and of magnetic mass to mass

It is shown that, unlike the case of (vacuum) solutions describing isolated bodies, conformal Killing fields are not excluded by the structure of vacuum gravitational magnetic monopoles at null infinity. The resulting dilation must be constant. This brings support to the viewpoint that such solutions might have a role to play in the understanding of gravitational entropy and time's arrow. If, in addition, a Maxwellian magnetic monopole (Dirac string singularity) is available, the ratio of the total magnetic charge (magnetic mass) over the total electric charge (mass) can be identified. This common feature between the gravitational and the electromagnetic interaction finds its origin in the space-time topology.     

Galilean invariance and magnetic charge

The Galilean and ‘dual’ invariant electrodynamics with magnetic charges is formulated. The definition of the main feature of relativistic electromagnetism is given. Consideration of different aspects of Galilean electromagnetism with magnetic charges is presented. It is shown in particular that the conclusion of Bacry & Kubar-Andre (1973) that the existence of the magnetic monopole is incompatible with Galilean invariance in general appears to be incorrect.     

稀磁半导体--自旋和电荷的桥梁

稀磁半导体可能同时利用载流子的自旋和电荷自由度构造将磁、电集于一体的半导体器件．尤其是铁磁半导体材料的出现带动了半导体自旋电子学的发展．室温铁磁半导体材料的制备，半导体材料中有效的自旋注入，以及自旋在半导体结构中输运和操作已成为目前半导体自旋电子学领域中的热门课题．稀磁半导体呈现出强烈的自旋相关的光学性质和输运性质，这些效应为人们制备半导体自旋电子学器件提供了物理基础．     

Mikhailov's experiments on detection of magnetic charge

In a reanalysis of Mikhailov's experiments, it is argued that observations of magnetic chargeg=(1/2)(1/137)(1/3)e on ferromagnetic aerosols are incorrect. Future experiments of the type conducted by Mikhailov must take into an account the component of particle velocity orthogonal toE andH. It is shown that Mikhailov's data are consistent with the existence of a Dirac unit of magnetic chargeg=(137/2)e found in meson spectroscopy.     

Shielding of quark charge and baryon magnetic moment

By introducing the concept of effective charge of a quark in the baryon, we obtain a good fit to the magnetic moments within the constituent quark model.     

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With the uniform charge density in the magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) of parallel plate, a laminar flow model with pressure balance and a new model without the assumption of laminar flow and pressure balance are solved analytically, respectively. The results of laminar flow model and non-laminar flow model are compared. It is shown that the charge density is smaller and electric field, magnetic field on anode is bigger in laminar flow model as without radial velocity of electrons. Then, the result of particle-in-cell simulation is compared for the two theories and shows that the accuracy of non-laminar model is higher than laminar model. Finally, the pressure balance equation and two models of laminar and non-laminar with the uniform charge density have been promoted to coaxial MITL and cone MITL.     

均匀电荷密度下的磁绝缘理论研究

在平行板磁绝缘传输线中均匀电荷密度下,分别对压力平衡下的修正层流模型和非压力平衡和非层流模型进行了求解,比较了两种理论模型下的结果。分析表明：相对于非层流模型而言,层流模型因未考虑径向速度,其电荷密度偏低,阳极电场、阳极磁场及阳极电流都偏大。此外,粒子模拟结果显示非层流模型具有更高的精度。最后,对压力平衡条件、均匀电荷密度下的层流以及非层流模型,从平行板理论推广到一般构型。     

Further evidence for magnetic charge from meson spectroscopy

Recently evidence was presented for the existence of magnetic charge from Zeeman splitting in meson states. The model by Akers predicted the existence of a new meson at 1814 MeV withI ^G(J ^PC )=0⁺(0^–+). Experimental evidence for this new meson is cited and discussed.     

Further evidence for magnetic charge from hadronic spectra

Schwinger's dyonium model of quarks is incorporated into a theory of the strong QCD and electromagnetic interactions. Vector bosons are shown to exist with masses obeying Nambu's empirical mass formulam _n=(n/2)137m _e,n a positive integer. The existence of a Dirac unit of magnetic chargeg=(137/2)ne is the basis for the Nambu formula and for the 70-MeV quantum in MacGregor's constituent-quark model. Frosch derived an empirical mass formula which contains the Nambu mass series as a subset.     

Mesoscopic charge density wave in a magnetic flux

The stability of a Charge Density Wave (CDW) in a one-dimensional ring pierced by a Aharonov-Bohm flux is studied in a mean-field picture. It is found that the stability depends on the parity of the number N of electrons. When the size of the ring becomes as small as the coherence length , the CDW gap increases for even N and decreases for odd N. Then when N is even, the CDW gap decreases with flux but it increases when N is odd. The variation of the BCS ratio with size and flux is also calculated. We derive the harmonics expansion of the persistent current in a presence of a finite gap. Received: 16 September 1997 / Received in final form: 12 November 1997 / Accepted: 13 November 1997     

Does magnetic charge imply a massive photon?

In Abelian monopole theories the magnetic coupling is required to be enormous. Using the electric-magnetic duality of electromagnetism, it is argued that the existence of such a large, nonperturbative magnetic coupling should lead to a phase transition where magnetic charge is permanently confined and the photon becomes massive. The apparent masslessness of the photon could then be used as an argument against the existence of such a large, nonperturbative magnetic charge. Finally it is shown that even in the presence of this conjectured dynamical mass generation the Cabbibo-Ferrari (1962) formulation of magnetic charge gives a consistent theory.     

Fermions tunneling from rotating stationary Kerr black hole with electric charge and magnetic charge

In this paper, the method of semi-classical fermion tunneling is extended to explore the fermion tunneling behavior of a Kerr–Newman–Kasuya black hole. Thus, the Hamilton–Jacobi equation in Kerr–Newman–Kasuya space–time is derived by the method presented in Refs. Lin and Yang (2009) [24], [25], [26], the Hawking temperature at the horizon and the tunneling probability of spin- 1/2 fermions are finally obtained following the semi-classical quantum equation. The results indicate the common features of this black hole.     

Comment on the CP-violating electric charge of the magnetic monopole

It is shown, using an effective theory, that the electric charge that develops on a magnetic monopole, due to the presence of the CP-violating term \([\theta e^2 /(32\pi ^2 )]F_{\mu v}^a \tilde F^{\mu va} \) , does not vanish for massless fermions.     

Spin and charge polarization around magnetic impurities in metals

Our previously developed trial function scheme has been generalized to investigate the spin and charge polarization around the nearest neighbors of the impurity, and the influence of the polarization on the formation of local moments. While the reduction of impurity moment is mostly due to the charge polarization effect, both spin and charge polarizations together yield a polarized moment which compensates up to 60% of the impurity moment. Special case of cluster with completely compensated moment is also considered.     

Fractional electric charge of a magnetic vortex at nonzero temperature

An ideal gas of two-dimensional Dirac fermions in the background of a pointlike magnetic vortex with arbitrary flux is considered. We find that this system acquires fractional electric charge at finite temperatures and determine the functional dependence of the thermal average and quadratic fluctuation of the charge on the temperature, the vortex flux, and the continuous parameter of the boundary condition at the location of the vortex.     

Existence,uniqueness and cohomology of the classical BRST charge with ghosts of ghosts

A complete canonical formulation of the BRST theory of systems with redundant gauge symmetries is presented. These systems includep-form gauge fields, the superparticle, and the superstring. We first define the Koszul-Tate differential and explicitly show how the introduction of the momenta conjugate to the ghosts of ghosts makes it acyclic. The global existence of the BRST generator is then demonstrated, and the BRST charge is proved to be unique up to canonical transformations in the extended phase space, which includes the ghosts. Finally, the BRST cohomology in classical mechanics is investigated and shown to be equal to the cohomology of the exterior derivative along the gauge orbits, as in the irreducible case. This is done by re-expressing the exterior algebra along the gauge orbits as a free differential algebra containing generators of higher degree, which are identified with the ghosts of ghosts. The quantum cohomology is not dealt with.Aspirant du Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (Belgium)Chercheur qualifié au Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (Belgium)