α-甲基苯乙烯与丁二烯阴离子共聚组成研究

本文研究了BuLi-THF引发α-甲基苯乙烯与丁二烯在环己烷中阴离子共聚的共聚组成与聚合活性种的关系,建立了多活性种存在下伴有解聚的共聚组成方程,求得了不同[THF]下的单体表观竞聚率γ_1和γ_2值,并估算了它们的误差。     

气相CBr2的激光诱导荧光光谱

本文报道了在交叉分子束装置中氟原子和二溴甲烷反应生成的CBr_2的气相激光诱导荧光光谱的首次实验结果,位于585—664nm范围内的激光诱导荧光光谱由22个峰组成,被指定为CBr_2的A(V′_1~V′_20)←X(000)(V′_1=0,1;V′_2=0—12)跃迁。从光谱导出ν_(00)=14885cm~(-1),上态振动光谱常数ν′_1=460,ν′_2=189cm~(-1),x′_(12)=3.10,x′_(22)=-0.27cm~(-1)。本实验结果与CBr_2的低温固相光谱进行比较,发现固相光谱较气相光谱明显蓝移,确认了CBr_2是:F+CH_2Br_2过程的两步反应的产物。     

β—二酮合钴配合物在各种溶剂中与氧反应的热力学性质和动力学

本文研究了二甲亚砜(DMSO),二甲替甲酰胺(DMF)吡啶(py)等溶剂对[Co(acac)_2·2H_2O]载氧和氧化性能的影响.实验证明[Co(acac)_2·2H_2O]与O_2的反应第一步为可逆载氧,而第二步为不可逆载氧.用元素分析和波谱研究了[Co(acac)_2·2H_2O]在溶剂中的存在形态和热力学性质。用配位场理论计算了[Co(acac)_2·2H_2O]在溶剂中的各种配位场参数。动力学的研究表明,[Co(acac)_2·2H_2O]在DMF溶剂中O_2的反应发生一级半过程,一级为[Co(acac)_2·2H_2O]半级为O_2.反应的动力学方程为v=k[Co(acac)_2·2H_2O]·P_(o_2)~(0.41).反应的表观活化能为44.8千焦/摩尔,波谱的分析结果证实,氧化反应的主要产物为[Co(acac)_3]     

氢原子共线交换反应的动力学计算 II: 在反应势能面上Cl+HCl(ν)碰撞对的振动去激

本文用一维量子散射方法, 计算了氢原子交换反应Cl+HCl(ν≤3)→ClH(ν'≤3)+Cl,得到了各振动态间反应和非反应非弹性几率。结果表明反应和非反应非弹性几率均呈振荡变化。反应与非反应去激几率相差不大, 预期在Cl原子与HCl(ν=1,2,3,)碰撞去激过程中, 反应和非反应散射都是一种有效的机理; 此与Wilkins的轨迹结果相符。去激几率与始终态振动量子数密切相关, 我们归纳出公式: P~ν~ν~'≈10^ν^+^ν^'^-^2^(^ν^'^'^+^1^)P~ν~ν~'~',(ν>ν'>ν')。与Moor的实验结果符合较好。     

氢原子共线交换反应的动力学计算 II: 在反应势能面上Cl+HCl(ν)碰撞对的振动去激

本文用一维量子散射方法, 计算了氢原子交换反应Cl+HCl(ν≤3)→ClH(ν'≤3)+Cl,得到了各振动态间反应和非反应非弹性几率。结果表明反应和非反应非弹性几率均呈振荡变化。反应与非反应去激几率相差不大, 预期在Cl原子与HCl(ν=1,2,3,)碰撞去激过程中, 反应和非反应散射都是一种有效的机理; 此与Wilkins的轨迹结果相符。去激几率与始终态振动量子数密切相关, 我们归纳出公式: P~ν~ν~'≈10^ν^+^ν^'^-^2^(^ν^'^'^+^1^)P~ν~ν~'~',(ν>ν'>ν')。与Moor的实验结果符合较好。     

O(~1D)+Si(CH_3)_3Cl反应生成振动激发的OH(υ≤5)

实验光谱学和理论计算都发现,“重原子”能隔离分子中的某些振动能景,如SiH_4中Si—H振动泛频的“局域模”.Roger 等在研究F 原子与M(CH_2CH=CH_2)_4(M=Sn,Ge)的反应中,发现了Sn,Ge 对过剩能量转移到其它部分有强烈的阻碍作用(在中间态的寿命时间内).最近,在研究O(~1D)+M(CH_3)_4生成OH(v)反应中,观测到类似的现象.M=C 时,Lutz 用激光诱导荧光方法检测OH 的振动分布,振动是冷的,v=1与v=0的布居比为0.05,     

CF3I分子ν4带高分辨激光光谱研究

CF_3I分子的转动常数很小, 其振动谱带的转动结构在一般分辨率的光谱中不能分辨。我们用分辨率达2×10~(-3) cm~(-1)的红外二极管激光光谱的方法观察到了ν_4带的近十个Q支, 和上千条~PP, ~RR线, 以及ν_4+ν_6←ν_6和ν4+ν_3←ν_3两个热带跃迁, 并归属了其中的一些谱线, 研究了ν_4带中可能存在的振转相互作用, 利用最小二乘法拟合, 得到了有关的分子常数。     

CF_3I分子ν_4带高分辨激光光谱研究

CF_3I分子的转动常数很小,其振动谱带的转动结构在一般分辨率的光谱中不能分辨。我们用分辨率达2×10~(-3)cm~(-1)的红外二极管激光光谱的方法观察到了ν_4带的近十个Q支,和上千条~PP,~RR线,以及ν_4+ν_6←ν_6和ν4+ν_3←ν_3两个热带跃迁,并归属了其中的一些谱线,研究了ν_4带中可能存在的振转相互作用,利用最小二乘法拟合,得到了有关的分子常数。     

复合催化剂AlCl_3／SbCl_3的α－蒎烯／苯乙烯阳离子聚合反应研究

用微臭氧化－薄层层析法分析测定了复合催化剂ＡｌＣｌ_３／ＳｂＣｌ_３，在不同Ｓｂ／Ａｌ比、投料比、溶剂和温度等条件下的α－菠烯（Ｍ_１）／苯乙烯（Ｍ_２）共聚产物的构成，表明该复合催化剂可获得～１００％共聚体，其中α－蒎烯链节含量Ｆ１可在３０％～５６％之间调控。在仅生成共聚体的条件下由Ｍａｙｏ－Ｌｅｗｉｓ积分式首次测定了竞聚率。ＡｌＣｌ_３／ＳｂＣｌ_３和单独ＡｌＣｌ_３相比，ｒ１增大，ｒ２减小，ｒ２／ｒ１值降低了５～６倍，使不易共聚的Ｍ_１／Ｍ_２变为易于共聚，可制备Ｍ_１组分含量高的共聚体。确认该复合催化剂对Ｍ_１／Ｍ_２的优良共聚合性能在于阳离子聚合活性种的非质子和抗衡阴离子（团）的特殊结构和性质．     

镨与磷酸二甲酯配合物的合成与结构研究

合成了镨与磷酸二甲酯的配合物,元素分析表明配合物分子式为Pr[(CH_3O)_2PO_2]_3。测量了它的红外和拉曼光谱。用X射线单晶衍射法测定配合物空间群为这P,a=1.8747 (3),b=1.1050 (2),c=1.8010 (3) nm;α=105.42 (1)°,β=98.80 (1)°,γ=79.41 (1)°;ν=3.509(0)nm~3,z=8。镨与六个氧原子配位,每两个相邻的镨原子之间通过双“O-P-O”桥连结;形成奇特的“双桥二十四元环”的环套环绸状结构。     

Some aspects of anionic butadiene copolymerization

The relationship between ideal copolymerization behavior and the nature of reactive species in butyllithium (n-BuLi) initiated anionic copolymerization of styrene (St)- butadiene (Bd) in nonpolar solvent has been discussed. The monomer reactivity ratios (m.r.r.) for various reactive species were evaluated by kinetic study and statistical approach (using ¹³C NMR data) in St-Bd anionic copolymerization system with THF as polar additive. The Markovian mechanisms for different propagating reactions in this complex copolymerizing system have been postulated. Furthermore, “pseudo” zero order Markovian mechnism could be sophisticatedly established in the n-BuLi/tertiary amyloxy potassium (t-AmOK)/THF initiated St-Bd copolymerization system, provided that the apparent rate constants of both monomers are equal. Thus, by adjusting the ratio of K/Li and THF/Li, copolymers with composition almost identical to the ratio of initial monomer feed composition at different stages of conversion could be obtained.     

Electronically excited reactive complexes in the anionic copolymerization of nonpolar monomers

The anionic copolymerization of styrene with nonpolar monomers (butadiene and isoprene) is studied theoretically and experimentally. The known problem of activity transformation, when the monomer more active in homopolymerization becomes less active in copolymerization, is considered. This problem has not previously been solved by traditional theory methods. The structure of complexes of living polymers with monomer molecules and the reaction activation energy are ab initio calculated. The activity of the monomer is shown to be determined by the energy of the electronically excited state of the reactive complex between the monomer molecules and the growing active center.     

Quasiliving Carbocationic Polymerization. IX. Forced Ideal Copolymerization of Styrene Derivatives

Forced ideal carbocationic copolymerization of α-methylstyrene (αMeSt) with p-tert-butylstyrene (ptBuSt) and (αMeSt) with styrene (St) has been achieved by continuous monomer feed addition to a cumyl chloride/BCl₃ charge at -50°C by keeping the feeding rate of the monomer mixtures equal to the overall rate of copolymerization, The composition of the copolymers was identical to the composition of the monomer feeds over the entire concentration range. A quantitative expression has been derived to show that under forced ideal copolymerization conditions the composition of the copolymer can be controlled by the composition of the feed. Further, conditions have been found for forced ideal quasiliving copolymerizations, i.e., the number-average molecular weight of the copolymers increased almost linearly with the cumulative weight of consumed monomers by the use of suitably slow, continuous feed addition in the presence of relatively nonpolar solvent mixtures (60/40 v/v n-hexane + methylene chloride). In polar solvent (methylene chloride) the molecular weight increase was less pronounced due to chain transfer to monomer involving indane-skeleton formation; however, with charges containing large amounts of ptBuSt the molecular weight increase was surprisingly strong. Interestingly, ptBuSt does not homopolymerize in 60/40 v/v n-hexane/methylene chloride but it readily copolymerizes with αMeSt. This observation was explained by examining the relative rates of terminations of the cationic species involved. Conditions have been found for the pronounced quasiliving polymerization of St. In forced ideal quasiliving copolymerizations neither the molecular weights of αMeSt/ptBuSt or αMeSt/St copolymers nor the initiating efficiencies of the initiating systems used show a depression. The microstructure of representative αMeSt/ptBuSt copolymers obtained under forced ideal quasiliving conditions has been analyzed by ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. According to these studies, true copolymers have formed and resonance peaks for various triads have been deduced.     

Polymer synthesis by means of germylene and stannylene

Divalent group 14 metal species, a germylene(la) and a stannylene(lb), behaved as a comonomer(reductant monomer) in the copolymerization with p-benzoquinone derivatives(oxidant monomer)(“oxidation-reduction copolymerization”) and as an initiator for anionic monomers. The copolymerization took place without initiator at a lower temperature to give an alternating copolymer. N-phenyl-p-quinoneimine also behaved as a reactive oxidant monomer toward la and lb. These species have been shown to induce the polymerization of anionically polymerizable monomers such as methyl methacrylate, methacrylonitrile, and 4-vinylpyridine. Based on the mechanistic examination of the polymerization, a new alternating copolymerization between la and 2-cyclohexene-l-one has been developed to produce a copolymer having a metal-enolate structure, which involves the oxidation-reduction process during the copolymerization.     

正丁基锂、四氢呋喃引发的丁苯共聚合(Ⅱ)——动力学及活性种的反应性

本文提出了n·BuLi-THF引发的阴离子丁苯共聚体系中诸活性种之间的平衡及增长图式,导出了共聚组成方程,讨论了单体的表观竞聚率的含义。此外,还建立了表观增长速度常数k_B和kS与[THF]的关系式,估算出一络合活性种对形成聚丁二烯链节中乙烯基结构的几率。     

Kinetic solvent effects on hydrogen abstraction reactions

Kinetic solvent effects on hydrogen abstractions, namely, acceleration in nonpolar solvents, have been presumed to be restricted to O-H hydrogen donors. We demonstrate that also abstractions from C-H and even Sn-H bonds by cumyloxyl radicals and n,pi*-excited 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene are fastest in the gas phase and nonpolar solvents but slowest in acetonitrile. Accordingly, solvent effects on hydrogen abstractions are more general, presumably due to stabilization of the reactive oxygen or nitrogen species in polar solvents.     

苯乙烯,丙烯腈在炭黑表面的阴离子接枝聚合

反应型炭黑;苯乙烯;丙烯腈在炭黑表面的阴离子接枝聚合     

Hydrophobic effects on partial molar volume

The hydrophobic effects on partial molar volume (PMV) are investigated as a PMV change in the transfer of a benzenelike nonpolar solute from the nonpolar solvent to water, using an integral equation theory of liquids. The volume change is divided into two effects. One is the "packing" effect in the transfer from the nonpolar solvent to hypothetical "nonpolar water" without hydrogen bonding networks. The other is the "iceberg" effect in the transfer from nonpolar water to water. The results indicate that the packing effect is negative and a half compensated by the positive iceberg effect. The packing effect is explained by the difference in the solvent compressibility. Further investigation shows that the sign and magnitude of the volume change depend on the solute size and the solvent compressibility. The finding gives a significant implication that the exposure of a hydrophobic residue caused by protein denaturation can either increase or decrease the PMV of protein depending on the size of the residue and the fluctuation of its surroundings.     

Reaction kinetics in anionic copolymerization: A revisit on Mayo-Lewis equation

Reactivity ratio is a traditional parameter quantifying the reaction kinetics in copolymerization, which is important for potentially controlling microstructures of polymers and guiding the copolymerization process. Our recent experiments using tube-NMR technique enable us to in situ monitor the concentration profiles of the co-monomers during the anionic copolymerization process. This motivates us to revisit the Mayo-Lewis(ML) equation, which is the basis for derivation of reactivity ratio and has been extensively utilized in addition copolymerization. We found that although an explicit ML expression is desirable for ease of calculation and correlation with experimental data, it fails in our anionic copolymerization experiment as well as some data available in the literature. The origin is ascribed to the validity of the steady state assumption which is essential in the ML equation. This assumption can be released in anionic copolymerization and replaced by the fact that the overall concentration of the living chain ends keeps constant throughout the copolymerization. Alternative numerical method has been utilized to obtain the rate constants and consequently the reactivity ratios. Our work suggests that the ML equation should be applied with caution.     

Solvent effect on the electronic spectra of azine dyes under alkaline condition

Thiazine dye, methylene blue (MB), oxazine dye, nile blue (NB), and phenazine-based dye, neutral red (NR), bear a similar basic dye skeleton with a distinctively different central heteroatom. All of them are extracted into nonpolar organic solvent from alkaline solution. The role of the heteroatom on the respective dye skeletons and redox potentials of the dyes has been examined to signature the stability of the species in organic solvent and the results have been substantiated through geometry optimization and wave function analysis at the density functional theory level. The effect of solvent polarity on the electronic absorption spectra of the three nonionic benzenoid species has been investigated with an intention to investigate the solvatochromic behavior of these compounds.