简单转换的命名法(草案)(一)

本文介绍的规则提供了一个总的(或通用的)命名系统,它适用于由一种有机化合物转变为另一种有机化合物的转换过程。自1954年以来除了取代转换已经采用系统名称以外~([1]),这些过程一直缺乏系统的口头表达方式。有的过程用“人名反应”(如,Michael反应)来命名,有的使用各种不同的、有时是不一致的术语,甚至常常只用一个等式或一个相当繁冗的多字表达式来表达。常见的三类转换是简单取代,简单加成和简单消除。实际上,本文前三组规则就是论述这三类转换的。     

IUPAC关于转换的命名法

人们很早就需要有一个对反应命名的方法。有许多反应是用发现者的名字来命名的。如,双烯合成反反应也叫 Diels-Alder 反应。     

手性二硫代磷酸镍(Ⅱ)(英)

Homochiral bis[(O,O′-di-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl) dithiophosphato] nickel(Ⅱ) (1), prepared by the reaction of O,O′-di-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl) dithiophosphato potassium with Ni(OAc)₂ displays a almost planar tetragonal geometry around Ni center composed of four S atoms from two different ligands. CCDC: 252341.     

化学名词草案(续)

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■族化合物的命名法(附构造式书法)

Porphyrin一類的物質中文還沒有適當的命名,現在建議用古字■(音雷)來譯Porphin一字,初看还能解决問題,今举例如下,盼學者專家們多提意見。这類物質的構造式,初画起頗為複杂,今建議簡明易記的画法如下,希望對教學有機化學的同志們略有幫助。Ⅰ.■族化合物(Porphyrin)可按它的來源或構造在■(Porphin)前加形容詞以名之,     

A structural and Mössbauer study of complexes with Fe(2)(micro-O(H))(2) cores: stepwise oxidation from Fe(II)(micro-OH)(2)Fe(II) through Fe(II)(micro-OH)(2)Fe(III) to Fe(III)(micro-O)(micro-OH)Fe(III)

Dinuclear non-heme iron clusters containing oxo, hydroxo, or carboxylato bridges are found in a number of enzymes involved in O(2) metabolism such as methane monooxygenase, ribonucleotide reductase, and fatty acid desaturases. Efforts to model structural and/or functional features of the protein-bound clusters have prompted the preparation and study of complexes that contain Fe(micro-O(H))(2)Fe cores. Here we report the structures and spectroscopic properties of a family of diiron complexes with the same tetradentate N4 ligand in one ligand topology, namely [(alpha-BPMCN)(2)Fe(II)(2)(micro-OH)(2)](CF(3)SO(3))(2) (1), [(alpha-BPMCN)(2)Fe(II)Fe(III)(micro-OH)(2)](CF(3)SO(3))(3) (2), and [(alpha-BPMCN)(2)Fe(III)(2)(micro-O)(micro-OH)](CF(3)SO(3))(3) (3) (BPMCN = N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane). Stepwise one-electron oxidations of 1 to 2 and then to 3 demonstrate the versatility of the Fe(micro-O(H))(2)Fe diamond core to support a number of oxidation states with little structural rearrangement. Insight into the electronic structure of 1, 2', and 3 has been obtained from a detailed M?ssbauer investigation (2' differs from 2 in having a different complement of counterions). Mixed-valence complex 2' is ferromagnetically coupled, with J = -15 +/- 5 cm(-)(1) (H = JS(1).S(2)). For the S = (9)/(2) ground multiplet we have determined the zero-field splitting parameter, D(9/2) = -1.5 +/- 0.1 cm(-)(1), and the hyperfine parameters of the ferric and ferrous sites. For T < 12 K, the S = (9)/(2) multiplet has uncommon relaxation behavior. Thus, M(S) = -(9)/(2) <--> M(S) = +(9)/(2) ground state transition is slow while deltaM(S) = +/-1 transitions between equally signed M(S) levels are fast on the time scale of M?ssbauer spectroscopy. Below 100 K, complex 2' is trapped in the Fe(1)(III)Fe(2)(II) ground state; above this temperature, it exhibits thermally assisted electron hopping into the state Fe(1)(II)Fe(2)(III). The temperature dependence of the isomer shifts was corrected for second-order Doppler shift, obtained from the study of diferrous 1. The resultant true shifts were analyzed in a two-state hopping model. The diferric complex 3 is antiferromagnetically coupled with J = 90 +/- 15 cm(-)(1), estimated from a variable-temperature M?ssbauer analysis.     

第49届国际化学奥林匹克试题(理论部分)(二)

正第6题总分的6%第6题:铁Fe在地壳中丰度占第4位,其使用已经超过5000年。A部分纯铁极易氧化,限制了它的应用。X元素是铁合金中的一种元素,可以改善铁的防锈性能。6-A1)X元素具有以下性质:(1)第一级电离可失去一个量子数为     

二(乙二胺)(2-氨基乙基)合钴(III)配合物构象研究

本文利用CFF方法分析了Co(Ⅲ)配合物二齿配体中较少见的四员环构象的特征,并模拟了这个四员环在配位环境下构象变化的过程。标题配合物[Co(CH_2CH_2NH_2)(NH_2CH_2CH_2NH_2)_2]~(2+)(图1)为光化学反应的中间产物,     

化學名詞草案(續)

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Two heptacopper(II) disk complexes with a [Cu(7)(μ(3)-OH)(4)(μ-OR)(2)](8+) core

The reaction of CuX(2) (X(-) ≠ F(-)) salts with 1 equiv of 3-pyridyl-5-tert-butylpyrazole (HL) in basic methanol yields blue solids, from which disk complexes of the type [Cu(7)(μ(3)-OH)(4)(μ-OR)(2)(μ-L)(6)](2+) and/or the cubane [Cu(4)(μ(3)-OH)(4)(HL)(4)](4+) can be isolated by recrystallization under the appropriate conditions. Two of the disk complexes have been prepared in crystalline form: [Cu(7)(μ(3)-OH)(4)(μ-OCH(2)CF(3))(2)(μ-L)(6)][BF(4)](2) (2) and [Cu(7)(μ(3)-OH)(4)(μ-OCH(3))(2)(μ-L)(6)]Cl(2)·xCH(2)Cl(2) (3·xCH(2)Cl(2)). The molecular structures of both compounds as solvated crystals can be described as [Cu?Cu(6)(μ-OH)(4)(μ-OR)(2)(μ-L)(6)](2+) (R = CH(2)CF(3) or CH(3)) adducts. The [Cu(6)(μ-OH)(4)(μ-OR)(2)(μ-L)(6)] ring is constructed of six square-pyramidal Cu ions, linked by 1,2-pyrazolido bridges from the L(-) ligands and by basal, apical-bridging hydroxy or alkoxy groups, while the central Cu ion is bound to the four metallamacrocyclic hydroxy donors in a near-regular square-planar geometry. The L(-) ligands project above and below the metal ion core, forming two bowl-shaped cavities that are fully (R = CH(2)CF(3)) or partially (R = CH(3)) occupied by the alkoxy R substituents. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements on 2 demonstrated antiferromagnetic interactions between the Cu ions, yielding a spin-frustrated S = (1)/(2) magnetic ground state that is fully populated below around 15 K. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, UV/vis/near-IR, and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements imply that the heptacopper(II) disk motif is robust in organic solvents.     

对中学化学教学大纲(草案)的一点体会

中学化学教学大纲已经颁发开始试用,它基本上是根据苏联化学教学大纲为蓝本编订的。最初我看到苏联化学教学大纲的时候,发生了很多问题:为什么要这样安排?有些教材要重复的讲,像周期律、酸、硷、盐,原子结构理论,金属等。为什么金属元素举出来的那样少?经过仔细研究才看出它的完整的系统性、直观性和量力性。不只照顾了科学的系统更重要的是照顾了教学系统,重复是按照学生的接受能力逐步加深,非常适合各年级学生的年龄特征和知识水平。在我过去的教学中,学生不只一次的提出‘我们学了化学感觉所得到的知识非常零散好像章与章之间没有很多的关系’当时也试图将课本的教材加以调整使它系统化,但无论怎样调排仍然不能弥补这个缺点。现在有了这个教学大纲,对今后教学将减少许多困难。大纲中很     

中学化学教学大網(修订草案)

中学化学教学大纲(修訂草案)已经编訂完成,现予發佈。1952年的“中学化学教学大纲(草案)”和1954年的“精簡中学化学教学大綱(草案)和課本的指示”应即停止生效。中学化学教学大綱(修訂草案)仍属試用性質,希望各地学校在試用中能随时提出改进的意見。中華人民共和國教育部 1956年6月     

化学类专业发展战略研究报告(草案)

1化学学科发展的历史沿革1661年,波义耳在其著名论文《怀疑派的化学家》中提出“元素”的概念,从而把化学确定为一门学科。1803年道尔顿提出了原子论,1811年阿伏加德罗提出了“分子”的概念,1860年康尼查罗提出了原子-分子论,经历了这些重要的发展阶段,到1870年门捷列夫发现了元素周期律,奠定了化学学科的理论基础。19世纪末,化学的重要分支学科分析化学、无机化学、有机化学和物理化学相继建立,这种分工大大推动了化学研究的深化。进入20世纪后,量子力学的诞生,近邻学科特别是数学、物理学和生物学的发展,以及各种新的实验技术及精密仪器的…     

谈聚合物系统命名的教学(Ⅰ)

聚合物系统命名法一直被认为比较繁琐,因此得不到推广使用.而飞速发展的高分子科学技术和日益增加的聚合物品种,又迫切需要对聚合物进行系统命名.常用的习惯命名法不但容易引起混淆,而且已经很难满足众多聚合物的要求.要解决这个矛盾,使系统命名法被广泛采用,笔者认为只有从源头抓起,即从教材和教学入手,使学生真正掌握并使用这种命名方法.这样,经过一段时间的努力,系统命名法就会逐渐被接受和采用.笔者积多年有机化学和高分子化学的教学经验,在聚合物系统命名的教学中做了一些尝试,使繁琐复杂的系统命名法很快被学生接受并掌握,收到了良好的课堂教学效果.在此愿与专家同行共同探讨提高.     

关於杂环化合物命名的意见(下)

(六)飽和化合物,橋環化合物,螺狀化合物。作者不敢希望這篇短文能解决一切的杂环化合物的問题,因為任何好制度,都是在实践中,即是說在大家實際使用的過程中,才能發展起来,成長起來的。杂環化學以前既没有人用中文教學,我們此刻當然難得立即找到     

A trinuclear bis(dioximate)(chloro)(nitrosyl)ruthenium(II) complex containing two (2,2′-bipyridine)copper(II) groups

A trinuclear bis(cyclohexanedioximate)(chloro)(nitrosyl)ruthenium(II) complex containing two (2,2-bipyridine)-copper(II) groups has been synthesized and its electronic and electrochemical properties investigated. According to ZINDO/S calculations, the electronic structure of the ruthenium(dioximate)(nitrosyl) moiety is strongly delocalized. The electrochemical behavior has been interpreted with the aid of spectroelectrochemical measurements. In the trinuclear complex, it has been shown that the copper(II) ions can promote the oxidation of the NO species generated electrochemically, and also mediate the redox reactions of the complex, under a dioxygen atmosphere.     

有机化合物的英文命名法

与无机物质的英文命名相比较[1],有机化合物的命名显得更为复杂.它不仅要考虑化合物分子中的原子组成及数目,而且要反映出其中所含的官能团种类.     

二(环戊二烯基)(双烯酮亚胺基)镱配合物的合成和晶体结构

双烯酮亚胺基作为辅助配体在金属有机化学中的应用已经引起了广泛注意,并且发现部分双烯酮亚胺基金属配合物在催化一些极性和非极性单体的聚合中显示良好的催化活性。我们曾经报道具有大体积的双烯酮亚胺亚[{C6H3-2,6-i-Pr2NC（Me）}2CH]^-（L^-）是合成混配型稀土金属化合物的理想配体,为了进一步研究这类稀土金属化合物的合成及反应性能,本文通过双烯酮亚胺基镱二氯化物LYbCl2（THF）2与2倍量的环戊二烯基钠反应,分离得到了标题化合物,并测定了其晶体结构。     

高氯酸诺氟沙星铜(Ⅱ)(英)

0CommentExtensiveinvestigationshavebeendoneaboutthesupramolecularchemistryofmetalionswithNor-floxacin(H-Norf,1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylicacid)sincemanyorganiccompoundsusedinmedicinedonothaveapurelyorganicmodeofaction;someareacti-vatedorbiotransformedbymetalions,othershavedi-rectorindirecteffectonthemetalionmetabolism[1~5].ThereactionofCu(ClO4)2·6H2OwithH-Norfunderhydrothermalconditionsgivesamonomericcomplex[Cu(H-Norf)2](ClO4)2(1)inwhichCu髤i…     

Theory of hydride-proton transfer (HPT) carbonyl reduction by [Os(III)(tpy)(Cl)(NH═CHCH(3))(NSAr)

Quantum mechanical analysis reveals that carbonyl reduction of aldehydes and ketones by the imine-based reductant cis-[Os(III)(tpy)(Cl)(NH═CHCH(3))(NSAr)] (2), which is accessible by reduction of the analogous nitrile, occurs by hydride-proton transfer (HPT) involving both the imine and sulfilimido ligands. In carbonyl reduction, water or alcohol is necessary to significantly lower the barrier for proton shuttling between ligands. The -N(H)SAr group activates the carbonyl group through hydrogen bonding while the -NC(H)CH(3) ligand delivers the hydride.