丙烯酸酯乳液压敏胶的研制

本文介绍了丙烯酸乳液压每胶的研制,并研究了单体、乳化剂、加料方式及温度等因素对乳液压敏胶性能的影响。结果表明,软、硬单体的合适配比、乳化剂的种类及用量是制得粘度接性好,稳定性高的乳液压敏胶的必要条件,采用全连续法加料及严格控制反应温度乳液压敏胶的优异性能具有重要作用。     

高固含量低粘度丙烯酸酯乳液压敏胶的制备

采用常规种子乳液聚合法合成出了固含量为65%、粘度小于400mPa·s的乳液压敏胶,研究了共聚单体、乳化剂、引发剂、缓冲剂及种子乳液量对丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液粘度和聚合稳定性的影响。结果表明:含羧基和羟基的功能单体对乳液的粘度和聚合稳定性影响较大;乳液压敏胶粘度随乳化剂量在预乳化液中所占比例增大及种子乳液量的增大而增大,随引发剂过硫酸铵(APS)用量增大而降低,随缓冲剂碳酸氢钠在预乳化液中所占比例增大先增大后减小;乳液压敏胶的聚合凝胶率随乳化剂量在预乳化液中所占比例增大及种子乳液量降低而减小,当APS为单体量的0.3%,NaHCO3在预乳化液和反应中的比例为2/4时,乳液凝胶率最低。     

掺杂羧基化碳纳米管的纳米碳纤维前驱体的制备及表征

为获得结构完整、 性能优良的纳米碳纤维前驱体, 采用静电纺丝法制备了掺杂羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维. 用扫描电子显微镜、 偏振红外光谱、 透射电子显微镜、 拉曼光谱及拉伸性能测试等对杂化纳米纤维的微观结构和力学性能进行了研究, 分析了MWCNTs含量的影响. 实验结果表明, 5%(质量分数)的MWCNTs掺杂量为杂化纳米纤维直径的突变点, 且MWCNTs的加入有利于PAN分子链的取向, MWCNTs在PAN纤维中大体上沿纤维轴向取向分布. 3%MWCNTs/PAN杂化纳米纤维的拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别达到88.6 MPa和3.21 GPa.     

溶有增粘树脂的丙烯酸酯乳液共聚及压敏胶的性能

用一步法将溶有松香或氢化松香的丙烯酸酯单体进行乳液共聚合时，由于增粘树脂分子的自由基链转移作用使单体的转化率明显降低．先将大部分丙烯酸酯单体进行乳液共聚制得种子乳液，再将溶有增粘树脂的剩余丙烯酸酯单体加到种子乳液中进行第二步乳液共聚合，可显著提高单体的总转化率．用ＴＥＭ对分步聚合所得复合乳液的粒子形态进行了观察并对第二步乳液共聚合的机理进行了讨论．用分步乳液共聚合的方法制得的增粘树脂 丙烯酸酯复合乳液共聚物的压敏胶粘性能较一步法有很大的提高．     

过氧化氢氧化法制备羧基化碳纳米管的研究

研究了在不同的酸碱性、反应时间和反应温度三个条件下,过氧化氢氧化单壁碳纳米管制备羧基化碳纳米管的效果,通过红外光谱表征和羧基化碳纳米管的酰胺化修饰反应,确定了羧基的引入.研究发现,单壁碳纳米管与过氧化氢、稀硫酸于105℃回流反应60 min条件下,制备羧基化碳纳米管的效果最为理想,且比文献报道的浓硫酸浓硝酸组成的混酸氧化效果更好.并对在该条件下制备羧基化碳纳米管效果较好的原因作了简单的分析探讨.     

羧基化碳纳米管修饰电极的制备及其对Vc的电催化性能

用羧基化碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极制备了一种新型的碳纳米管修饰电极(A)。利用循环伏安,交流阻抗法对A进行了表征。用线性扫描伏安(LSV)法研究了A对Vc的电催化行为,结果表明,在0.1 mol.L-1的醋酸缓冲液(pH5.8)中,当Vc在A表面于-1.0 V电位下富集30 s,电位扫速为100 mV.s-1时,Vc在LSV图上能出现一灵敏的电催化氧化峰,峰电位约为0.149 V;利用该氧化峰可以进行痕量Vc的测定;峰电流与Vc浓度在1.0×10-5mol.L-1～1.0×10-3mol.L-1内成良好线关系,其相关系数为0.996,检出限达1.0×10-6mol.L-1;A稳定性较好,可用于水果和蔬菜中Vc的现场快速检测,回收率96.0%～103.0%。     

共价接枝硅酞菁-多壁碳纳米管的合成及光电性能

采用酰胺反应把硅酞菁(SiPc)共价接枝到多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)上,得到MWCNT-Pc,用紫外可见,红外光谱,拉曼光谱,X射线光电子能谱,热重分析等进行了表征,结果表明碳纳米管上每约457个碳原子接枝一个酞菁分子;为研究共价接枝的MWCNT-Pc体系中光激发的电子流动情况,探讨了Pc静电组装到MWCNT后的荧光淬灭的情况,结果显示SiPc的光激发电子向MWCNT转移;同时采用喷涂法构筑了ITO/MWCNT-Pc光电极,并在光伏电池中研究了其光电性能,在AM1.5光照条件下,光电流及光电压分别为0.434 V和0.158 mA·cm-2,在320 nm处的IPCE达19.8%。本研究目的在于制备碳纳米管衍生物并构筑基于碳管的复杂的功能纳米结构材料,为其应用奠定基础。     

含氟丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物的制备及其表面性能的研究

研究了聚合工艺、含氟丙烯酸酯类单体种类和用量、苯乙烯和自由基引发剂用量及硅烷偶联剂、催化剂等因素对含氟丙烯酸酯-乙烯共聚物表面性能的影响。结果表明：聚合工艺、含氟丙烯酸酯类单体种类和用量对共聚物表面的憎水性能有显著的影响;采用延时滴加含氟丙烯酸酯类单体可提高共聚物膜表面的憎水性;随含氟丙烯酸酯类单体侧链含氟烷基的链长和氟原子数及含氟单体用量的增加,共聚物水接触角增大,吸水率下降;共聚物薄膜的硬度则与含氟丙烯酸酯类单体中α-取代基、侧链含氟烷基的链长和用量、苯乙烯用量、引发剂浓度等相关;硅烷偶联剂和催化交联剂的加入可提高共聚物薄膜的强度。     

官能化碳纳米管负载Ru催化山梨醇氢解制备低碳二元醇

以不同官能化碳纳米管(原始MCN、氨基化AMCN和石墨化GMCN等)作为载体,通过浸渍法制备了Ru/CNTs催化剂,并应用于山梨醇氢解制1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇反应中。利用XRD、HRTEM、XPS和ICP-AES等方法对催化剂进行了表征,考察了官能团性质、碱助剂等因素对山梨醇氢解性能的影响。结果表明,与Ru/MCN或Ru/GMCN相比较,Ru/AMCN催化剂对山梨醇氢解有更高的活性,在205℃、5.0 MPa氢压条件下,以Ca(OH)₂为添加剂,山梨醇的转化率可达99.5%,1,2-丙二醇(1,2-PD)和乙二醇(EG)的总产率为47.7%。催化剂重复利用五次,催化活性无明显下降。     

基于聚二氧化碳树脂压敏胶的流变及粘结性能北大核心CSCD

基于绿色制造和节能环保的需求,目前国内外压敏胶的技术挑战在于无溶剂生物可降解压敏胶的研发,本文基于氯磺化改性聚二氧化碳树脂(MPPC),研究了其作为压敏胶的流变和粘结性能。结果表明,MPPC的粘结性能和剥离力数据与其数均相对分子质量有强烈的依赖关系。MPPC的数均相对分子质量越高,其拉伸剪切强度就越高;当MPPC的数均相对分子质量在7600~17500的范围内时,随着其数均相对分子质量的提高,其拉伸剪切强度可以从(0.35±0.11)MPa提高到(3.78±0.33)MPa。同时,MPPC剥离力的数据也表现出相同的趋势,即MPPC的数均相对分子质量越高,其180(°)剥离强度越高,表明其可应用于高性能压敏胶材料。流变数据结果也进一步证明,MPPC的数均相对分子质量较高时,其储能模量(G′)和损耗模量(G)相对较高,使得其性能相对于数均分子质量较低的MPPC更加优异。这为基于PPC制备可生物降解压敏胶材料提供了理论依据。     

热熔压敏胶粘剂

介绍了新一代压敏胶粘剂——热熔压敏胶粘剂（HMPSA）的发展概况,重点阐述了聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶粘剂的类别、合成及应用等,并展望了HMPSA在社会生活中良好的市场前景。     

Influence of Particle Nucleation in Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Properties: Miniemulsion versus Emulsion Polymerization

Miniemulsion polymerization is a promising approach to produce and tailor pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs). In this paper, a systematic comparison of the adhesive properties of latexes produced by miniemulsion and conventional emulsion polymerization is presented. Specifically, the influence of the total surfactant concentration, chain transfer agent concentration and chemical composition on the final adhesive properties of the polymer 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate/acrylic acid was discerned using a 2³ factorial design for each polymerization method. In addition to the adhesive properties (i.e., loop tack, peel strength and shear strength), molecular weight distribution, particle size distribution (PSD) and glass transition temperature were analyzed. The results show that under the conditions used in this work, it is possible to produce PSAs using miniemulsion polymerization, a process wherein monomer droplet nucleation is the dominant particle nucleation mechanism. The use of a miniemulsion polymerization process, as opposed to the conventional emulsion technique, produced several differences such as larger particles sizes and narrower molecular weight distributions. Focusing on the PSA films that exhibited adhesive rather than cohesive failure, the PSA films generated via miniemulsion polymerization displayed higher values of loop tack and peel strength compared to those produced via conventional emulsion polymerization. Shear strength results were strongly dependent on the amount of gel content and sol molecular weight for both cases.     

Acrylate terpolymer in fabrication of medicated skin patches

An acrylate based pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) was synthesized to design a drug‐in‐adhesive (DIA) type transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) for nitroglycerin used in the treatment of angina pectoris. 2‐Ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA) were used to synthesize the PSA by free radical solution polymerization. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, initiator concentration and solvent on polymerization were studied. The synthesized terpolymer was characterized by ¹H‐NMR, FT‐IR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and also evaluated for intrinsic viscosity, refractive index, peel strength, moisture uptake and skin irritation potential. The PSA was used to develop DIA type patches of nitroglycerin. The patches were cast using solvent evaporation technique and dried at controlled temperature. The patches were evaluated for thickness uniformity, weight variation, peel strength and moisture pick‐up. The percent drug content and in vitro drug release was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. On the basis of in vitro release profile, patches were selected for in vitro skin permeation studies. The developed formulation TP‐1 (K = 24.892 mcg/cm²/hr) followed zero‐order rate kinetics and showed better skin permeation rate in comparison to the marketed TTS (MTTS) (K = 17.413 mcg/cm²/hr). TP‐1 was subjected to stability testing for a period of 1 year according to ICH guidelines. The patches were found to be stable and an expiry date of 2 years was predicted with storage at 25 °C or below. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

聚丁二烯丙烯酸酯液态光学透明胶的合成及其UV固化膜的性能

针对丙烯酸酯大单体在合成过程中常带有颜色,以及由其制备的液态光学透明胶的UV固化膜易黄变的问题,本文报道了一条新的大单体合成路线:首先以端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)、萘钾、丙烯酰氯(AC)为原料,通过一锅法合成了一种无色透明的聚丁二烯丙烯酸酯大单体(PBAM);然后将PBAM与丙烯酸酯活性稀释单体、光引发剂混合,制备了液态光学透明胶;最后通过UV固化制备了一系列无色透明的薄膜。利用GPC、1H-NMR、FTIR等手段对PBAM进行了表征;进一步研究了液态光学透明胶UV固化膜的光学性能、耐黄变性能、耐低温性能等。结果表明:基于新路线合成的PBAM呈现无色透明,液态光学透明胶的UV固化膜展现出优良的光学性能和耐黄变性能,固化膜透光率高达98%;经紫外线加速老化264h后,色差(ΔE)≤1.5;此外,该固化膜还具有优良的耐低温性能,玻璃化转变温度为-30℃。     

电子产品包装用低残留聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶的研究进展

电子产品保护膜用聚丙烯酸酯PSA（压敏胶）具有快速粘贴被粘物表面对其进行保护、剥离后又不污染被粘物表面的性能.影响其性能的主要因素有影响聚合物粘弹性的因素、影响PSA和被粘物界面反应的因素.本文综述了近年来各种改性方法包括反应型乳化剂改性、增粘树脂、新的聚合方法改性、交联改性、有机硅改性等研究进展.对开发功能性的、多样化的适用型环保PSA,提高PSA的再剥离性能,减少涂胶量和再剥离时的残胶量,实现高剪切强度、高剥离强度、高粘性的PSA的商品化等发展方向进行了展望.     

In Situ Semibatch Emulsion Polymerization of 2‐Ethyl Hexyl Acrylate/n‐Butyl Acrylate/Methyl Methacrylate/Cellulose Nanocrystal Nanocomposites for Adhesive Applications

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are safe, “green,” hydrophilic nanoparticles. CNCs are added in situ during a semibatch 2‐ethyl hexyl acrylate (EHA)/n‐butyl acrylate (BA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA) emulsion polymerization. As EHA is a more hydrophobic monomer, manipulation of the monomer feed composition allows for the evaluation of the effect of hydrophobicity on CNC distribution in the nanocomposite and ultimately on adhesive properties. The adhesive properties (loop tack, peel strength, and shear strength) of three different EHA/BA/MMA latex formulations are shown to simultaneously improve with increasing CNC loading. However, the hydrophobicity of the EHA leads to a nonuniform distribution of CNCs in the latex films. Comparison of the in situ polymerized nanocomposites to their blended counterparts is also made.     

The Effect of Polymer Microstructure and Thermal Post-Treatment on Latex-Based Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Performance

Summary: Butyl acrylate/acrylic acid/2-hydroxyl methacrylate (BA/AA/HEMA, weight ratio: 96/2/2) latexes were produced via starved seeded semi-batch emulsion polymerization. The microstructure of the latex polymers was controlled by varying the amount of chain transfer agent (1-dodecanethiol). The latexes were characterized for gel content, M_c (molecular weight between two adjacent cross-linking points), M_w (molecular weight of sol polymers) and M_e (molecular weight between entanglements). From these latexes, PSA films were cast, dried, conditioned and then thermally post-treated at 120 °C to react the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups from the AA and HEMA units. Tack, peel strength and shear strength of the PSA films were then measured. The thermal post-treatment was shown to be an effective way to improve latex-based PSA performance. The effectiveness of the post-treatment was observed to depend on the polymer microstructure (M_c relative to M_e relative to M_w) of the untreated latex-based PSAs and on the gel content.     

镧、铒共掺杂压敏漆的制备及荧光特性

以联吡啶,氯化钌,氯化镧,氯化铒为原料合成了镧、铒共掺杂的探针分子.将探针分子加入到硅溶胶基质中获得了镧、铒共掺杂的压敏漆样品.采用IR,SEM,XPS及荧光发射光谱对探针分子和压敏漆进行了测试分析.红外光谱测试结果表明,探针分子中联吡啶的结构没有被破坏.扫描电镜观察发现探针分子呈花瓣状,XPS测试发现压敏漆中含有Er,La,Ru等元素,说明稀土元素确实被掺入到压敏漆中.紫外吸收光谱表明压敏漆的最佳吸收波段位于200 ～ 500 nm处,选择410 nm作为激发光源,压敏漆在590 nm处有很强的荧光发射,并且随着空气压力的增大即氧分子浓度的增加,压敏漆的荧光强度降低,说明压敏漆具有较好的氧猝灭特性.     

基于纳米材料、聚电解质制备高性能乙醇生物传感器

以明胶包埋法作为乙醇氧化酶(AOX)的酶固定化方法,在比较多壁纳米碳管(MWCNTs)、纳米金、纳米氧化铁3种纳米材料的基础上,选择加入增效最明显的多壁纳米碳管提高灵敏度,在电极表面自组装聚丙烯胺盐酸盐/聚磺化乙烯硫酸盐(PAA/PVS)膜提高抗干扰性,制备出一种高灵敏度抗干扰性电流型乙醇生物传感器(Pt/(PAA/PVS)2PAA-MWCNTs/AOX)。本传感器灵敏度为1.04μA/(mmol/L),在2.5×10-5~2.5×10-3mol/L浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,线性方程为:I(μA)=0.2199 1.0400C(乙醇,mmol/L),r=0.9939;检出限为2.5×10-5mol/L;RSD<5%,稳定性好、抗干扰能力强。