一种高效稳定的光伏LED照明系统设计

为提高光伏照明系统中太阳能电池的光能利用率,对太阳能电池输出进行最大功率跟踪。设计以最大功率跟踪芯片SM72442为核心的太阳能充电控制电路,采用光伏全桥驱动芯片SM72295驱动MOS管,构成同步Buck电路,实现太阳能输出最大功率跟踪;利用LED驱动芯片XL6005设计LED驱动电路。测试数据表明,太阳能光伏电池的充电效率平均达到87.92%,LED驱动电路效率最高为91.6%。系统工作稳定,能满足特定场合下的照明需求。     

基于PI调节占空比的自适应MPPT方法

最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)技术是提高光伏发电效率的重要途径之一。扰动观测法是MPPT控制中最常用的方法,针对其无法兼顾跟踪速度与最大功率点跟踪过程的震荡问题,提出了一种基于PI调节占空比的自适应MPPT方法,该方法针对占空比采用基于PI调节的自适应策略。通过Simulink建模仿真,与其他方法进行对比分析,结果显示了该方法可显著地提高了最大功率点跟踪的速度与精度。     

基于A*算法的无人机跟踪目标的航迹规划

针对无人机跟踪目标的航迹规划问题,本文提出了一种双评估函数的改进A*算法。首先,根据无人机在跟踪目标时的飞行特点提出了航迹规划策略,并结合无人机的油耗、航迹长短和机动性能等约束条件来设计中间目标点的评估函数和航迹片段的评估函数。之后,采用加权法对A*算法进行改进,以使航迹的优化与时间耗费之间找到平衡点。同时,改进在Open表中插入与删除节点的方式,提高计算效率。最后,通过对跟踪航迹的仿真,表明该算法可以快速、有效地为无人机在跟踪目标时规划出优化的航迹。     

IRST系统的单站机动目标跟踪算法研究

在传统的IRST（红外搜索与跟踪）系统的角测量基础上,增加了红外探测器对目标红外辐射的响应信息这一测量项,且将相邻两次测量的目标红外光谱辐射功率之比作为伪测量,以消除目标红外光谱辐射强度不确定所产生的影响,并由此构造了机动目标跟踪的IMM（交互多模型）算法. 通过跟踪一个高机动目标的仿真过程,对算法性能进行了检验.仿真结果表明:当测量误差较小时,误差的变化对跟踪精度的影响不大,整个跟踪过程中,单个坐标轴上的均方差不超过7 m,而且,大多数时刻上的均方误差不超过3 m;当测量误差较大时,近距离（航迹前段和中段）的跟踪精度也是很高的,单个坐标轴上的均方差不超过5 m,但是,远距离的跟踪精度下降很快,最大误差达到110 m;速度误差与位置误差也有类似的结果.     

一种无线视频传感器节点协作跟踪方法

由于网络通信带宽以及节点能量等因素限制,信息的有效获取与能耗的平衡优化是无线视频传感器网络近期研究的热点,面向目标跟踪的无线视频传感器网络实现节能的关键在于节点的高效协作;文章目的在于研究一种无线视频传感器节点协作跟踪方法,通过综合考虑目标跟踪效果和节点能耗等因素,采用自适应混合高斯算法进行背景建模,分布式均值漂移算法进行目标跟踪,并构建一种基于效能函数的最优节点选择方法;实验结果显示该方法能在真实场景下高效地进行目标跟踪。     

无人机对地目标跟踪的快速初始化和自适应优化

目标跟踪算法的性能通常和初始跟踪框的质量有关。在无人机对地侦察任务中，由于反应时间有限，操作员通常难以选取精确的初始跟踪框，导致目标跟踪结果较差。针对这一问题，提出一种半自动的跟踪框快速初始化和自适应优化策略，并给出基于视觉显著性和显著图像分割的自适应优化算法样例，在性能提升和运行时间上均具有优势。与优化前相比，在2个数据集上的跟踪成功率最高提升0.262、跟踪精度最高提升0.177；在运行时间方面，处理200像素×200像素的图像切片时，理论并行速度可达10帧/s。提出的跟踪框初始化和优化策略，结合了人的主观选择和视觉认知，可以有效解决无人机对地侦察任务中目标难以锁定的问题，并具备在嵌入式设备中的可移植性。     

基于改进Mean Shift算法的实时视频目标跟踪

设计了一套嵌入式平台上实现的视频目标跟踪系统.该系统采用CMOS图像传感器获取视频信号,利用Z228多媒体芯片自带的ARM9处理器完成视频信号的控制,并通过MPEG-4硬件编码器实现视频信号的压缩.用Mean Shift算法跟踪运动目标,针对其收敛的局限性设置多个搜索点来提高其跟踪效果.通过减少采样点和标记已计算点来提高代码运行速度,增强了跟踪的实时性.实验结果表明,本系统能以27 fps速率连续稳定地实现视频目标的跟踪.     

基于改进Mean Shift算法的实时视频目标跟踪

设计了一套嵌入式平台上实现的视频目标跟踪系统.该系统采用CMOS图像传感器获取视频信号,利用Z228多媒体芯片自带的ARM9处理器完成视频信号的控制,并通过MPEG-4硬件编码器实现视频信号的压缩.用Mean Shift算法跟踪运动目标,针对其收敛的局限性设置多个搜索点来提高其跟踪效果.通过减少采样点和标记已计算点来提高代码运行速度,增强了跟踪的实时性.实验结果表明,本系统能以27 fps速率连续稳定地实现视频目标的跟踪.     

混合储能系统在弱光充电系统中的仿真研究

光伏阵列的输出特性受光照强度影响很大,在弱光下光伏电池的最大功率点跟踪控制算法无法达到蓄电池的充电要求。为了最大限度利用光伏阵歹tl的输出功率,采用超级电容减小光照变化对蓄电池充电的影响。针对独立光伏发电系统的特点,设计了一种有源式混合储能方案,在保证光伏电池获得最大功率跟踪的同时,也能满足蓄电池的充电要求,建立的Simulink／MATLAB仿真模型验证了该设计方案的有效性。     

无人机对地目标自动检测与跟踪技术

针对无人机图像帧序列具有平台高速运动,视角旋转强烈,需要实时处理等特点,提出一种基于双级旋转不变特征空间检测（粗匹配-精细匹配）与并行特征提取跟踪的无人机对地目标图像帧序列自动快速目标检测与跟踪算法。采用图像子块的平均灰度值、灰度值方差、灰度值梯度构建特征空间。通过构造图像特征空间的方法来快速筛选待匹配图像的可疑区域,删除大量的背景区域,检测算法使用全局初步匹配加局部精细匹配的方法来规避算法复杂度的缺陷。理论及实验分析表明:该算法实时性强,对图像的旋转畸变具有抵消作用,对异常情况可以恰当处理,且全局初步匹配流程具有可移植性,可以在其他图像匹配跟踪算法中充当预处理器。实验结果表明:该算法在无人机对地的情况下可以保证对地面目标的稳定跟踪,配套检测算法具有较好的实时性,满足无人机图像目标检测跟踪实时处理的需要。     

Study of the charging circuit of a pulsed solid-state laser power supply: A new concept of high charging efficiency and realization

Based on physical theory, a new concept for achieving high efficiency in a solid-state laser power supply charging circuit is first introduced in this paper that is, from the fact that when an electron from a power source enters the energy storage capacitor, a potential drop would occur in this process. This potential drop is the essence of the energy loss in a charging circuit. If the potential drop is small, or even negligible, power supply with a higher efficiency can be achieved. According to this design theory, a highly efficient charging circuit can be obtained if a power source with a single continuous increased voltage slightly higher than that of the energy storage capacitor is employed. With the use of this proposed technique, a prototype of a pulsed YAG laser power supply with high charging efficiency and high voltage charging precision is implemented. The design idea and the experimental results are described and discussed in detail.     

Time allocation improvement method for UAV-based wireless energy transfer cooperative mobile edge

Wireless power transfer (WPT) and mobile edge computing (MEC) are two advanced technologies that could improve the computing power and range of mobile devices. However, by integrating the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) into wireless powered MEC systems, wireless energy transfer will be susceptible to the “double near–far” effect. Therefore, in order to further overcome the influence of the “double near–far” effect, this paper considers the optimization of time slot allocation for UAV-assisted wireless powered cooperative MEC system, which includes an access point (UAV) and two mobile devices. The purpose of the study is to minimize the total transmission energy of the UAV while satisfying the delay and size of the computational tasks, so this paper proposed a 2:1:1 time-slot optimization allocation method. The method exploits the synergy of users so that the mobile device which is closer to the UAV acts as an offloading relay, by combining power and time slot optimization to minimize the total energy consumption of the UAV. Compared with the equal time slot scheme before the improvement, this method can not only utilize the wireless transmission energy to charge the mobile device for more time in the first period, but also can save the time of data transmission of the closer device in the third period, and it can enhance the rate of data transmission of the mobile devices at the same time. The results show that the task capacity of the system computed will be increased compared to the original scheme; the total transmission rate of the whole system is also improved by the same order of magnitude. The simulation results verify the effectiveness and reliability of the algorithm of the paper, and the comprehensive performance of the system can be maximized by the flexible offloading algorithm.     

基于蚁群算法自整定PID的风电系统最大风能追踪研究

以欠功率阶段的最大风能追踪为研究重点,对风力机捕获风能的过程进行理论分析,将蚁群算法自整定PID应用于最大风能追踪控制,设计了蚁群算法自整定PID控制器,并对其进行相应的仿真分析。仿真结果表明,与传统的PID控制策略相比,该控制策略使控制系统具有良好的动态响应能力,提高了控制精度、风能利用率、输出功率。     

基于改进PSO的超声雾化电源频率跟踪研究*

超声波雾化技术由于其良好的雾化效果获得了广泛关注，具有极大的研究价值和应用前景。但是在超声雾化的过程中，由于换能器的温度变化、刚度变化以及在水中的负载变化等因素，会产生谐振频率漂移的现象。当工作频率偏移谐振频率时，将造成换能器的工作效率降低和元器件损坏等问题。针对此问题，设计了基于改进粒子群算法优化PID参数的超声雾化电源频率跟踪算法，并对该算法进行频率跟踪的仿真验证和实验对比，在频率跟踪上实现了更好的效果，使换能器能够稳定工作在谐振状态，提高了电源的利用率。     

传输线充电技术实现高功率亚纳秒电磁脉冲调制

 分析比较了阻抗匹配和失配情况下传输线充电的原理和波过程。分析结果表明：失配情况下的最大优点是能够实现脉冲功率增益。应用阻抗为27 W、长度为540 mm传输线为充电传输线和长度分别为30,45,60 mm、阻抗均为5 W传输线为被充电传输线进行了对比试验。实验结果表明：在距离辐射天线6 m处，输出辐射场强随低阻抗传输线长度增加而略有增加，最大辐射场强为49 kV/m,考虑气体开关的实际能量损耗，这与理论分析的充电电压和功率增益关系相吻合；长度为45 mm的5 W被充电传输线的输出脉冲前沿约210 ps,幅度约为150 kV。     

Array design for mm-wave UAV-assisted cooperative communications with simultaneous wireless information and power transmission

High performance UAV-assisted communications system using simultaneous wireless information and power transmission (SWIPT) in mm-wave band is presented. UAV is a moving relay powered from a ground source through a power-splitting mechanism. In mm-wave band we utilize antenna array to increase the antenna gain while keeping array size small and practical. The radiation pattern of the UAV antenna is continuously adjusted to peak towards the source and destination. Two array geometries, a line and a cross, are designed for UAV antenna. We achieve near optimal pattern, utilizing innovative low power switches instead of phase shifters which are high power consuming components and using them here defies the purpose. We maximize the end-to-end cooperative throughput by optimizing the UAV power profile, power-splitting ratio profile, antenna weights (0, 1), and UAV trajectory for amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol. We consider two cases. Case1: UAV transmits and receives data simultaneously along two predefined trajectories. The antenna weights for line and cross arrays are optimized utilizing genetic algorithm. The power profile and, power-splitting ratio profile are also optimized using the penalty method. Case2: UAV accumulates the data and power along an optimal trajectory until it reaches the vicinity of target, when it transmits data at high bit rate. Here we define the optimization of parameters mentioned in Case1, while at an optimal point along the trajectory, as sub-problem1, and finding the next optimal point as sub-problem2. Sub-problem1 is solved using the genetic algorithm and dual decomposition method. Sub-problem2 is then solved using successive concave optimization. The overall problem, i.e. cooperative throughput, is solved by reciprocal iteration over the two sub problems. The simulation results show the proposed mm-wave band cross array antenna and switches can overcome the high frequency propagation losses, hence, achieving higher power harvest and data rates. The achieved higher data throughput outperforms the conventional single antenna low frequency systems.     

双谐振拓扑高压脉冲电容器充电电源

脉冲电容的充电电源是脉冲功率技术中的关键设备,为研究更高精度的高压脉冲电容充电电源,基于一种较为新颖的双谐振拓扑结构,通过推导传递函数,分析了其电压和电流传输特性。根据双谐振电路存在两个谐振点的特性,提出基于双谐振变换器的充电电源充电方式,即充电阶段采用串联谐振工作模式,到高压保持阶段通过频率调制降低开关频率至接近第二谐振点,实现对脉冲电容自放电压降的动态补偿,从而保证高压充电电源充电精度的同时,极大地提高脉冲电容的高压稳定度。为验证所提出方式的可行性,基于Matlab/simulink搭建仿真模型,分别对串联谐振全桥变换器和双谐振全桥变换器两种拓扑结构进行仿真,实验结果验证了所提出双谐振拓扑的频率调制方式的可行性。     

实用型放电泵浦XeF(B-X)准分子激光器

 研制了一台实用型放电泵浦的351 nm XeF(B-X)准分子激光器,激光器采用新型开关电源、结构紧凑型张氏电极及放电火花预电离的激光腔结构,通过优化储能电容和放电电容量及比值,选取合理的工作气体压力和配比,优化了激光器性能,提高了激光器输出参数:单脉冲能量153 mJ,平均功率12.9 W,转换效率最高达到0.88%,重复频率1~80 Hz,能量不稳定度小于4%,近场光斑尺寸7 mm×22 mm。激光器已应用到常规抗蚀剂曝光的印刷电路板(PCB)激光投影成像照明系统的实验中。