COUPLED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND GENERALIZED COUPLED VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES IN PHOTOELASTICITY

ＦｕＢａｏｌｉａｎ（付宝连）（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＮｏｖ．２２，１９９３；ＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｅｄｂｙＣｈｉｅｎＷｅｉｚａｎｇ）ＣＯＵＰＬＥＤＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＰＲＩＮＣＩＰＬＥＳＡＮＤＧＥＮＥＲＡＬＩＺＥＤＣＯＵＰＬＥＤＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＰＲＩ...     

Generalized variational principles of the viscoelastic body with voids and their applications

From the Boltzmann‘ s constitutive law of viscoelastic materials and the linear theory of elastic materials with voids, a constitutive model of generalized force fields for viscoelastic solids with voids was given. By using the variational integral method, the convolution-type functional was given and the corresponding generalized variational principles and potential energy principle of viscoelastic solids with voids were presented. It can be shown that the variational principles correspond to the differential equations and theinitial and boundary conditions of viscoelastic body with voids. As an application, a generalized variational principle of viscoelastic Timoshenko beams with damage was obtained which corresponds to the differential equations of generalized motion and the initial and boundary conditions of beams. The variational principles provide a way for solving problems of viscoelastic solids with voids.     

The variational principles and application of nonlinear numerical manifold method

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｆｉｎｉｔｅｃｏｖｅｒｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓ,ｓｉｍｉｌａｒｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｉｎｉｔｅｃｏｖｅｒｕｓｅｄｉｎｍａｎｉｆｏｌｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｍｏｄｅｒｎｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ,ａｒｅｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｉｎｔｏＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌＭａｎｉｆｏｌｄｍｅｔｈｏｄ (ＮＭＭ)ａｎｄｔｈｅｆｉｎｉｔｅｃｏｖｅｒｓｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｏｆｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｃｏｖｅｒｓａｎｄｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｃｏｖｅｒｓｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｂｅｓｅｐａｒａｔｅｄ .ＴｈｅＮＭＭｉｓｃｏ…     

A Fourier–Chebyshev spectral collocation method for simulating flow past spheres and spheroids

An accurate Fourier–Chebyshev spectral collocation method has been developed for simulating flow past prolate spheroids. The incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are transformed to the prolate spheroidal co‐ordinate system and discretized on an orthogonal body fitted mesh. The infinite flow domain is truncated to a finite extent and a Chebyshev discretization is used in the wall‐normal direction. The azimuthal direction is periodic and a conventional Fourier expansion is used in this direction. The other wall‐tangential direction requires special treatment and a restricted Fourier expansion that satisfies the parity conditions across the poles is used. Issues including spatial and temporal discretization, efficient inversion of the pressure Poisson equation, outflow boundary condition and stability restriction at the pole are discussed. The solver has been validated primarily by simulating steady and unsteady flow past a sphere at various Reynolds numbers and comparing key quantities with corresponding data from experiments and other numerical simulations. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The properties and applications of the integrating factor in the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations

In this article, we indicated that all the problems, such as the classification of the singular point and the determination of the stability of limit cycle, can be solved by the application of the integral factor. Especially we gave a criterion for deciding the center and the focus, which is appropriate for the singular point of the first order as well as that of the higher order.In the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations, all the problems, such as the classification of singular point of the first order and higher order, and the determination of stability of limit cycle, are important problems to be solved by different ways, the distinction between a focus and a center of singular point of the higher order is an unsolved problem. In this paper, we show that all the problems mentioned above can be solved by the use of the integrating factor. A criterion is given to decide the center and the focus, and this criterion is applicable to the singular point of the first order as well as the higher order.