弹性半空间中含直边界半圆形衬砌隧道对SH波的散射解析解

为进一步揭示含直边界衬砌隧道对SH波散射的影响,根据弹性波动理论,结合"分区契合"思想,建立了弹性半空间中半圆隧道对波场散射问题的波动方程。利用傅里叶级数展开的方法,引入辅助函数和波函数展开技术,通过对连续性条件和边界条件的分析,求得半空间中含直边界衬砌隧道对SH波散射的封闭解析解。计算结果表明:入射波特性、半圆隧道衬砌材料特性、隧道埋置深度对地表位移幅值影响显著;对于软性和硬性衬砌隧道而言,当频率逐渐增大时,地表位移幅值也随之增大,地表位移幅值空间振荡更为剧烈;随着入射角度增大,地表位移幅值整体上呈减小趋势;随着隧道埋深d/a由2增加到5时,隧道上方地表位移幅值降幅显著。     

楔形空间中任意形状孔洞对平面SH波的散射：IBEM求解

采用间接边界元法(IBEM),求解了楔形空间中任意形状孔洞对平面SH波的散射问题。基于单层位势理论,首先在孔洞表面及其附近楔形空间表面上施加虚拟均布荷载,以构造散射波场。进而由自由表面零应力条件,建立方程求解得到虚拟荷载密度。总波场由楔形空间自由波场和散射波场叠加得到。研究表明：IBEM方法能够精确高效求解楔形空间中弹性波散射问题。楔形空间孔洞对波的散射特征依赖于波入射角、无量纲入射波频率、楔形夹角、孔洞位置及其形状;孔洞周围波的相干效应十分显著,空间表面位移幅值及孔边动应力集中因子比半空间情况放大一倍有余,分别达到8.5和10.0;该研究为楔形空间中更为复杂的P、SV波散射问题求解奠定了基础。     

弹性半空间中含粘性滑移界面圆形衬砌洞室对平面SH波的散射

为揭示粘性滑移界面对衬砌洞室地震响应规律的影响,采用一种高精度的间接边界积分方程法,基于粘性滑移界面模型,求解了弹性半空间中浅埋圆形衬砌洞室对入射平面SH波的散射。结果表明:中低频波入射时,随着界面滑移刚度系数的增加,衬砌洞室上方地表位移幅值减小,而界面粘性系数对地表位移反应不明显;衬砌内壁应力幅值随界面滑移刚度系数的增加而增大。高频波入射下,较小的界面粘性系数对地表位移放大效应更为显著;当界面滑移刚度系数较小时,部分频段由于体系共振效应会造成显著的应力集中;高频特别是共振频率段,粘性系数对应力幅值有明显的降幅效应。研究结论可为实际地下工程结构的抗震设计提供部分理论依据。     

SH波对浅埋裂纹的半圆形凹陷地形的散射

采用Green函数方法，研究浅埋裂纹和含有圆形凹陷的弹性半空间对入射SH波的散射。首先取含有半圆形凹陷的弹性半空间，任意一点承受时间谐和的出平面线源荷载作用时的位移函数基本解作为Green函数；然后求解含半圆形凹陷的弹性半空间对SH波的散射问题；最后在裂纹实际存在位置利用Green函数实施裂纹的人工切割以恢复存在的裂纹，给出浅埋裂纹的半圆形凹陷弹性空间内的位移函数，进而求解裂纹存在对地表位移的影响。     

爆炸荷载作用下饱和半空间中衬砌隧道弹性动力响应IBIEM模拟

基于Biot两相介质理论,采用一种高精度间接边界积分方程法（IBIEM）研究了饱和半空间中浅埋衬砌隧道在内部爆炸荷载作用下的瞬态弹性动力反应。通过典型算例,给出了爆炸荷载作用下隧道附近地表位移、衬砌动应力、围岩径向位移和衬砌表面孔隙水压的时程响应,并对比分析了饱和半空间和全空间中隧道动力响应的区别。研究表明：覆土层厚度对浅埋隧道-围岩整体动力响应特征具有明显影响;衬砌表面透水状态对爆炸荷载的时程响应的影响不显著;随半空间饱和介质孔隙率增加,围岩受隧道内部爆炸影响程度降低,衬砌承担的爆炸作用增大;当和直达波、衬砌内部反射波的峰值叠加作用时,半空间表面反射波对衬砌隧道拱顶附近响应影响显著,使得衬砌动应力幅值、径向位移相比深埋情况大幅度增加。     

SH波对直角平面区域内圆形孔洞的散射与地震动

研究了以任意方向入射的平面SH波对直角平面区域内圆形孔洞的散射与地震动问题.首先,利用复变函数法、多极坐标移动技术及叠加原理,构造了一个可以预先满足直角平面区域自由表面上应力自由边界条件的圆孔对SH波散射的波函数;其次,利用镜像法,将直角平面区域内的波场镜像于半无限空间,并得到了满足边界条件的总波场;最后,作为对抗暴抗震问题的研究,通过算例考虑了圆孔的动应力集中和地表的动位移.结果表明,圆孔的动应力集中和地表的位移幅值取决于入射波频率、角度和圆孔的位置.     

SH波对直角平面区域内圆形衬砌的散射与地震动

研究了以任意方向入射的平面SH 波对直角平面区域内圆形衬砌的散射与地震动问题．利用复变函数法、多极坐标移动技术及镜像法,将直角平面区域内的波场延拓于半无限空间,根据边界条件将该问题的解答可归结为对一组无穷代数方程组的求解问题,通过算例考虑衬砌的动应力集中和地表位移．结果表明,衬砌的动应力集中和地表位移幅值取决于入射波频率、角度、衬砌的位置和厚度比．     

覆水饱和双相介质圆弧场地P波激励下散射问题的理论解

采用波函数展开法对平面P波入射复杂水域地形的空间变异性地震动场进行研究,该水域地形具有覆水层、饱和双相介质、场地非平坦以及第二类分层(场地跨越分层界面)等属性.首先,依据地震波反射和透射特性推导直角坐标系下的自由波场分布;然后,根据场地属性并引入大圆弧法分析极坐标系下的含有待定系数的散射波场;进而,结合土-水分界面和饱和土层分界面边界条件,求解散射波场中的待定系数;最后,通过自由波场和散射波场得到覆水饱和双相介质圆弧场地波函数理论解.基于理论解,通过算例验证了理论推导的合理性及可靠性,分析了地表位移在不同入射条件下的差异性.结果 表明,相对于均匀介质,饱和双相介质会显著影响地表位移分布.此外,入射波频率和角度对地震地面运动特性也有较大的影响.     

饱和土体中管桩屏障对平面SV波的隔离效应

采用Biot两相介质理论与间接边界积分方程法(IBIEM),研究了饱和土体中空心管桩屏障二维宽频隔振效应。通过在空心管桩内外交界面附近引入虚拟波源来构造内、外散射场,继而由边界条件建立边界积分方程,以此求得虚拟波源密度。以空心管桩对平面SV波的隔离为例,讨论了不同孔隙率、桩间距、排桩排数以及入射频率等因素对隔振效果的影响。结果表明:低频入射时,孔隙率越大隔振效果越好;排桩间距是影响单排桩隔振的主要因素;低频入射时,双排管桩的隔振效果比单排时更加明显,但随着管桩排数进一步增大,其隔振效果不再有明显的提升;当入射频率增大时,三排桩隔振效果比双排桩下降。     

平面波在双孔隙介质中球形夹杂上的散射

基于拓展的Biot孔隙介质弹性理论,将波函数展开法推广应用到求解平面压缩波在双孔隙介质中单球形理想流体夹杂上的散射问题中.在低频条件下,给出了问题解析解的形式,包括位移场和应力场.由进一步的数值计算结果可知:P1波和S波的一阶谐波振幅随着基质孔隙率的增大而减小,P2波的谐波振幅则增大,而P3波的谐波振幅基本不受其影响;随着裂隙孔隙率的增大,P1波的谐波振幅逐渐减小,P3波和S波的谐波振幅增大,而对P2波的谐波振幅的影响甚微;频率越高,双孔隙介质的基质孔隙率及裂隙孔隙率对其谐波振幅的影响越显著.     

Lamb wave scattering by a symmetric pair of surface-breaking cracks in a plate

The scattering problem of a Lamb wave incident on a symmetric pair of surface-breaking transverse cracks in a plate is considered. The Lamb wave is assumed to be obliquely incident on the crack plane. Since the cracks are part-through, the scattered field will contain reflected as well as transmitted waves. The energy of the incoming wave is partitioned into reflected and transmitted wave modes. Energy coefficients of the reflected and transmitted waves are calculated as a function of incident frequency and crack depth. The incidence angle of the incoming wave is also treated as a parameter. Both the reflected and transmitted wave fields are considered as linear superpositions of all real and complex wave modes in the plate. Decomposition of modes is achieved with the help of an orthogonality condition based on the principle of reciprocal work. Continuity of displacement and stress fields is imposed at the crack plane. Energy coefficients for reflection and transmission are obtained from the mode amplitudes. Energy coefficients are shown to be a strong function of incident frequency and crack depth. Experiments are conducted with a PZT transducer network interacting with a symmetric pair of machined cracks in an aluminum plate. Trends predicted by the analysis are reflected in the experimental results.     

直角平面内弹性圆夹杂对入射平面SH波的散射

利用复变函数法、多极坐标移动技术及傅立叶级数展开求解二维直角平面内圆形弹性夹杂对稳态入射平面SH波的散射问题。首先写出直角平面内不含夹杂时的入射波场和反射波场;其次建立直角平面内含夹杂时夹杂外的散射波解和夹杂内的驻波解,并利用叠加原理写出问题的总波场,借助夹杂边界处应力和位移的连续条件建立求解散射波解和驻波解中未知系数的无穷代数方程组并求解,通过算例具体讨论了直角平面水平边界点的位移幅度比和夹杂边界处径向应力集中系数随不同无量纲波数、入射角及圆孔位置的变化情况,结果表明了算法的有效实用性。     

Scattering of elastic waves by a surface-breaking crack

Scattering of incident surface waves and incident body waves by a surface-breaking crack is investigated in a two-dimensional geometry. By decomposing the scattered fields into symmetric and antisymmetric fields with respect to the plane of the crack, two boundary value problems for a quarter-plane have been obtained. The formulation of each boundary-value problem has been reduced to a singular integral equation which has been solved numerically. For incident surface waves the back-scattered and forward-scattered surface waves have been plotted versus the dimensionless frequency. Curves are also presented for the scattered displacement fields in the interior of the body generated by incident body waves, both versus the angle of incidence and versus the dimensionless frequency.     

二维直角平面内固定圆形夹杂对稳态入射反平面剪切波的散射

利用复变函数法、多极坐标及傅立叶级数展开技术求解了二维直角平面内固定圆形夹杂对稳态入射反平面剪切（shearing horizontal, SH）波的散射问题。首先构造出介质内不存在夹杂时的入射波场和反射波场,然后建立介质内存在夹杂时由夹杂边界产生的能够自动满足直角边应力自由条件的散射波解，从而利用叠加原理写出介质内的总波场。利用夹杂边界处位移条件和傅立叶级数展开方法列出求解散射波中未知系数的无穷代数方程组，在满足计算精度的前提下通过有限项截断，得到相应有限代数方程组的解，最后通过算例具体讨论了二维直角平面水平边界点的位移幅度比和相位随量纲一波数、入射波入射角及夹杂位置的不同而变化的情况，结果表明了算法的有效实用性。     

Flexural waves scattering by a through crack in a magnetically saturated Mindlin plate under a uniform magnetic field

This paper deals with the scattering of time harmonic flexural waves by a through crack in a magnetically saturated plate under a uniform magnetic field normal to the plate surfaces. The analysis is based on Mindlin's plate theory of magneto-elastic interactions under a magnetic field. An incident wave giving rise to moments symmetric about the crack plane is applied. Fourier transforms are used to reduce the mixed boundary value problem to one involving the numerical solution of a Fredholm integral equation. The dynamic moment intensity factor versus frequency is computed and the influence of the magnetic field on the normalized values is displayed graphically.     

缺陷岩体中弹性波传播的多次散射效应分析

弹性波在岩体中传播时与岩体缺陷相互作用形成复杂的传播图案。为研究缺陷对弹性波多次散射作用的影响,建立了双椭圆缺陷模型,基于Green函数基本解,采用边界积分的计算方法,得到了反映缺陷界面条件的刚度矩阵,分析了弹性波在双椭圆缺陷间的多次散射效应。结果表明：与单椭圆缺陷模型相比,双缺陷的相互作用使得弹性波频散和衰减效应增强,定量给出了缺陷的影响区域,从而明确了多次散射效应的尺度界限。进一步探讨了弹性波传播的多尺度效应,结果表明频散的Rayleigh峰、Mie峰和衰减的峰值频率同椭圆长轴和入射波波长两个尺度密切相关,存在明确的定量关系。相应的数值模拟结果表明,弹性波和缺陷相互作用在缺陷界面上诱发界面波,该界面波也存在频率相关性,影响了弹性波宏观传播的频散和衰减特征。     

The scattering of general SH plane wave by interface crack between two dissimilar viscoelastic bodies

The scattering of general SH plane wave by an interface crack between two dissimilar viscoelastic bodies is studied and the dynamic stress intensity factor at the crack-tip is computed. The scattering problem can be decomposed into two problems: one is the reflection and refraction problem of general SH plane waves at perfect interface (with no crack); another is the scattering problem due to the existence of crack. For the first problem, the viscoelastic wave equation, displacement and stress continuity conditions across the interface are used to obtain the shear stress distribution at the interface. For the second problem, the integral transformation method is used to reduce the scattering problem into dual integral equations. Then, the dual integral equations are transformed into the Cauchy singular integral equation of first kind by introduction of the crack dislocation density function. Finally, the singular integral equation is solved by Kurtz's piecewise continuous function method. As a consequence, the crack opening displacement and dynamic stress intensity factor are obtained. At the end of the paper, a numerical example is given. The effects of incident angle, incident frequency and viscoelastic material parameters are analyzed. It is found that there is a frequency region for viscoelastic material within which the viscoelastic effects cannot be ignored. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.19772064) and by the project of CAS KJ 951-1-20     

Reflection and Transmission of Elastic Waves from the Interface of a Fluid-saturated Porous Solid and a Double Porosity Solid

The reflection and transmission characteristics of an incident plane P1 wave from the interface of a fluid-saturated single porous solid and a fluid-saturated double porosity solid are investigated. The fluid-saturated porous solid is modeled with the classic Biot’s theory and the double porosity medium is described by an extended Biot’s theory. In a double-porosity model with dual-permeability there exist three compressional waves and a shear wave. The effects of the incident angle and frequency on amplitude ratios of the reflected and transmitted waves to the incident wave are discussed. Two boundary conditions are discussed in detail: (a) Open-pore boundary and (b) Sealed-pore boundary. Numerical results reveal that the characteristics of the reflection and transmission coefficients to the incident angle and the frequency are quite different for the two cases of boundary conditions. Properties of the bulk waves existing in the fluid-saturated porous solid and the double porosity medium are also studied.     

Reflection of a beam of elastic waves by a periodic surface profile

Reflection of elastic waves from a traction-free solid-air boundary of periodic saw-tooth profile is investigated analytically and experimentally. For an incident plane wave the surface displacements on the profile are computed as the solution of a singular integral equation. The reflected field is subsequently obtained by using an integral representation. Incident beams of finite width are represented by Fourier superpositions of plane waves. The dependence of the reflected signal spectra on the incident beam width is examined closely near the fundamental surface resonance frequency. Experimental spectra which were obtained using two different diameter transducers, are compared to the corresponding theoretical spectra. It is found that the depth of the spectral minima depends on the incident beam width. Both analytical and experimental results exhibit the splitting of an incident beam of elastic waves into two reflected beams. The beam splitting is more pronounced for a narrower incident beam and for frequencies close to a resonance frequency of the profile.