高频振动下岩土颗粒材料动力行为及细观机理

针对高频振动条件下岩土颗粒材料动力响应放大的现象,采用离散元法开展了一系列动双轴数值试验,分析了不同荷载频率下岩土颗粒材料的动力行为及其细观特征．试验结果表明：对于模拟的岩土颗粒材料,在加载频率为30～40 Hz时的动力变形尤其明显,加载过程中塑性变形快速发展,试件内部形成“八”字型剪切带,动刚度显著降低．提出了“竖向分布系数”描述试件内部的局部变形规律,并结合颗粒细观受力特征,探究了试件变形加剧和刚度弱化的细观机理．研究发现相较20 Hz和60 Hz工况,加载频率为40 Hz时试件中下部区域的局部动变形振动幅值明显增大,颗粒处于高度动力非平衡态,颗粒体系的排列结构和接触力剧烈调整,使得试件变形加剧、承载性能显著弱化．     

颗粒振动分离的浮力计算折减修正法及数值模拟

颗粒材料在振动或流动情况下的分离行为如巴西果效应已经广为人知,为了解释这种分离行为已提出了渗透、对流、凝聚等一系列解释机制,但是尚未达成共识。本文研究颗粒上浮时所受的浮力,发现已有的大颗粒浮力计算方法无法解释大颗粒粒径改变时上浮行为不同这一典型现象。为此引入粒径比对已有的大颗粒浮力计算方法进行了修正,并证明了其合理性。此外,还研究了局部阻尼系数、振幅、颗粒密度对压强分布的影响。结果表明:所建议的修正办法能正确地计算不同粒径比下大颗粒受到的浮力;随着局部阻尼系数的增大,压强最大值增大,压强曲线下降趋势由直线变为曲线;随着颗粒密度的增大,压强最大值增大,但压强曲线下降趋势变化并不明显;随着加载振幅的增大,压强最大值与下降趋势变化均不明显。     

振动条件下液体内部气泡下沉现象研究

本文从流体动力学角度探究气泡下沉现象的机理,对垂直振动圆柱容器中的气泡下沉行为进行了系统研究。根据附加质量以及气泡压缩性概念,建立出现下沉效应的可压缩性气泡数学模型,并通过分离变量法分析气泡下沉的临界位移以及运动速度。研究表明,正弦激励振幅以及频率是影响气泡下沉条件的重要因素,决定了临界位移与运动速度的大小,且振幅和频率越大,临界位移越小,气泡越容易下沉。     

STUDY ON SUBSIDENCE OF THE BUBBLES INSIDE THE VIBRATING LIQUID UNDER THE CONDITION OF VIBRATION

本文从流体动力学角度探究气泡下沉现象的机理,对垂直振动圆柱容器中的气泡下沉行为进行了系统研究。根据附加质量以及气泡压缩性概念,建立出现下沉效应的可压缩性气泡数学模型,并通过分离变量法分析气泡下沉的临界位移以及运动速度。研究表明,正弦激励振幅以及频率是影响气泡下沉条件的重要因素,决定了临界位移与运动速度的大小,且振幅和频率越大,临界位移越小,气泡越容易下沉。     

斜拉索非线性振动跳跃过程实验研究

斜拉索振动中的"跳跃"现象是一种典型的非线性行为.虽然,在以往的理论和实验研究中已发现该现象,但是,却没有直接观测到其发生的过程.为探究斜拉索"跳跃"过程及该过程中的非线性动力行为,根据动力相似理论的弹性力-重力相似律设计了斜拉索实验模型.通过在扫频试验中使激励频率恰好等于"跳跃"的临界频率,直接观测到斜拉索自发发生的"跳跃"过程.对空间运动形态变化规律和特征的研究发现:斜拉索"跳跃"过程空间运动不仅仅是振幅突然改变,而是经历了面内外振幅急剧减小、面内外振动交替占主导及"气圈"运动逆顺时针交替变换3个阶段.     

颗粒物质对风积沙压实特性影响研究

本文从颗粒物质的角度探讨了风积沙的压实特性和机理。研究表明,风积沙的重型击实试验曲线呈"双驼峰"形式,表明风积沙具有干压实的特性,水在风积沙的压实过程中扮演着不同的作用|室内振动试验表明振动加速度及振动时间影响着风积沙"巴西坚果效应"与"反巴西坚果效应"之间的转化,从而影响风积沙的振实密度,二者均存在一个产生最大振实干密度的最优值。现场试验通过控制机械参数(振幅A=0.4mm,频率f=48Hz)在压实5遍的时候,可使压实度达到96.8%,CBR值达到25.3,均能满足《公路路基设计规范》要求。     

轴向运动梁非线性振动内共振研究

采用多元L-P方法分析轴向运动梁横向非线性振动的内共振，首先根据哈密顿原理建立轴向运动梁的横向振动微分方程，然后利用Galerkin方法分离时间和空间变量，再采用多元L-P方法进行求解，推导了内共振条件下频率-振幅方程的求根判别式，理论分析发现内共振与强迫力的振幅有关，而且可以从理论上决定这一界乎不同内共振的强迫力振幅的临界值，典型算例获得了轴向运动梁横向非线性振动内共振复杂的频率一振幅响应曲线，揭示了很多复杂而有趣的非线性振动特有的现象，多元L-P方法的数值结果，在小振幅时与IHB法的结果一致。     

水力振荡器振动特性对减阻规律的影响研究

为了掌握水力振荡器振动特性对减阻规律的影响,基于Lu Gre摩擦理论,建立了钻柱与井壁岩石间摩擦力的计算模型,得到了水力振荡器的单因素振动特性对钻柱与井壁间摩擦力的影响规律;利用正交试验,分析水力振荡器振动强度、振幅、振动频率综合作用下对钻柱与井壁岩石间摩擦力的影响。研究结果表明:提高水力振荡器振动强度、振幅、振动频率均能降低钻柱与井壁岩石间摩擦力,其中摩擦力随振动频率的增大呈现先增强后减弱趋势,在振动频率大于20Hz时,各振动强度对应的减阻效率有下降趋势,最佳振荡频率为22Hz;水力振荡器各振动特性对钻柱与井壁岩石间摩擦力影响显著性由大到小,依次为振动强度、振幅、振动频率。     

颗粒毛细效应影响因素的离散元分析

颗粒毛细效应是指将一根细管插入填充有颗粒物质的容器中并对管施加竖直振动时颗粒在管内上升并最终达到一个稳定的高度的现象,该现象为颗粒物料的逆重力输运提供了一种潜在的技术途径.为探究颗粒毛细效应的影响因素,采用离散元方法,模拟再现了颗粒毛细效应过程,展示了不同管径下颗粒竖直方向速度演变特性,考察了不同容器宽度和振动条件下颗粒最终毛细上升高度随管径的演变规律.结果表明,在容器宽度与粒径比为40、管振幅与粒径比为14.33、管振动频率为12 Hz情况下,管径与粒径比D/d=3.33时,管内颗粒堵塞严重,使得颗粒上升缓慢,并造成颗粒柱中断; D/d=8.33时,起初毛细上升高度增加迅速,随后毛细上升高度的增大逐渐减缓,管内颗粒在管径方向几乎不存在速度梯度; D/d=15时,随着颗粒毛细上升高度的增大,管内颗粒柱分离为速度截然不同的两层,上层颗粒在管径方向几乎不存在速度梯度,而下层颗粒存在明显的速度梯度.研究还发现,在毛细效应能够发生的管径范围内,存在一个对应于颗粒最终毛细上升高度最大值的临界管径,当管径小于临界管径时,颗粒最终毛细上升高度随管径的增大而增大,当管径大于临界管径时,颗粒最终毛细上升高度随管径的增大而趋于减小;增大容器宽度,临界管径有所增大;增大振幅、适当提高频率能够有效促进临界管径的增大.     

颗粒毛细效应影响因素的离散元分析

颗粒毛细效应是指将一根细管插入填充有颗粒物质的容器中并对管施加竖直振动时颗粒在管内上升并最终达到一个稳定的高度的现象, 该现象为颗粒物料的逆重力输运提供了一种潜在的技术途径. 为探究颗粒毛细效应的影响因素, 采用离散元方法, 模拟再现了颗粒毛细效应过程,展示了不同管径下颗粒竖直方向速度演变特性, 考察了不同容器宽度和振动条件下颗粒最终毛细上升高度随管径的演变规律. 结果表明, 在容器宽度与粒径比为40、管振幅与粒径比为14.33、管振动频率为12 Hz情况下, 管径与粒径比$D/d = 3.33$时, 管内颗粒堵塞严重, 使得颗粒上升缓慢,并造成颗粒柱中断; $D/d = 8.33$时, 起初毛细上升高度增加迅速, 随后毛细上升高度的增大逐渐减缓, 管内颗粒在管径方向几乎不存在速度梯度; $D/d =15$时, 随着颗粒毛细上升高度的增大, 管内颗粒柱分离为速度截然不同的两层, 上层颗粒在管径方向几乎不存在速度梯度, 而下层颗粒存在明显的速度梯度.研究还发现, 在毛细效应能够发生的管径范围内, 存在一个对应于颗粒最终毛细上升高度最大值的临界管径, 当管径小于临界管径时, 颗粒最终毛细上升高度随管径的增大而增大, 当管径大于临界管径时, 颗粒最终毛细上升高度随管径的增大而趋于减小; 增大容器宽度,临界管径有所增大; 增大振幅、适当提高频率能够有效促进临界管径的增大.      

Nonlinear dynamics of excited plate immersed in granular matter

The interaction between granular matter and the elastic body is a complex issue due to the complex properties of granular matter. An experiment involving a sinusoidally excited plate buried in glass bead particles contained in a box is conducted. The motion behavior of the plate is observed and recorded by the strain gauge. The amplitude–frequency and phase–frequency curves are recorded to study the natural property of the plate in granular matter. In this experiment, jump phenomena are found in both the amplitude–frequency and phase–frequency planes in circumstances with smaller particle sizes, lower buried depths, and larger amplitudes of the excitation force. Otherwise, the period-doubling bifurcation, especially 3T, is found with the increase in the excitation force. These bifurcations usually occur in specific buried depth and excitation frequency band and require smaller particle sizes. The experiments with random-shaped particles exhibit no-jump phenomenon, but period-doubling bifurcation and chaos. These phenomena are sensitive to parameters and closely related to the varying process of the excitation frequency and force. Reasonable mechanisms are summarized qualitatively through some of our recent researches in this paper.     

Particle separation from a four-particle-system

The paper deals with the effects of particle separation from a plane four-particle system. First, the process of particle separation, which is done with certain velocity, has been studied. Then, the motion of the remainder three-particle system with initial conditions which correspond to the velocity and angular velocity after particle separation has been investigated. Further, the attraction and resistance forces between particles have been considered and the influence of the damping force and the friction force have been analyzed as well. Thus, the final position of the particles and the geometrical configuration directly dependent on the certain velocity of the separated particle is obtained.     

分子筛振动装填密度实验研究

实验研究了粒径分布范围在1.3mm～3.0mm之间的分子筛在振动装填过程中,各种振动参数包括振动频率、振动幅度和振动时间等对分子筛装填密度的影响,并得到最佳的振动装填工艺参数。结果表明,随着频率和振幅增大,装填密度先增加后减小,存在最佳值。在本文实验条件下,频率和振幅的最佳值分别为55Hz和0.6mm。装填密度随振动时间的增大逐渐增加并趋于定值。这些可以作为确定该粒径范围内分子筛振动装填工艺参数的基础。     

Structural relaxation and avalanche dynamics of particle piles under vertical vibration

Granular matter can exhibit solid or liquid behavior, which contains complex physical mechanisms. In this work, we experimentally investigated the structural relaxation and avalanche dynamics of particle piles under vertical vibration. The influence of vibration parameters on the avalanche process was studied. The morphological features of avalanches were recorded and classified using high-speed camera. The effects of vibration parameters and particle properties on the relaxation mode are obtained. It is found that the evolution of particle pile height with time can be described by an exponential decay function. The relaxation rate and avalanche characteristics of four types of particles with different sizes are discussed. At the same acceleration level, for two larger particles, a smaller amplitude (A = 0.025 mm) leads to a faster relaxation rate, while for two smaller particles, a large amplitude (A = 0.500 mm) leads to a faster relaxation rate. The analogy powder surface tension is introduced to address the cohesion and flowability evolution of particles under vibration.     

两尺度Duffing系统的动力吸振器减振研究

两尺度耦合的Duffing系统存在复杂振动, 此类振动具有振幅大、频率高的特点, 对系统的危害不容忽视. 研究了线性动力吸振器对低频参数激励下Duffing系统的振动控制问题, 通过对比耦合动力吸振器前后系统的时间历程图、相图, 发现加入动力吸振器后系统会由单一振动模式转变为混合振动模式(簇发振动), 振动幅值明显减小, 尤其对高频振动部分抑制明显. 利用快慢分析法, 当参数激励为慢变过程时得到相应的自治系统, 并发现自治系统稳定性与分岔行为对非自治系统振动响应具有明显调节作用. 研究结果表明, 虽然耦合动力吸振器前后自治系统均发生叉形分岔, 但是加入吸振器后自治系统稳定性发生变化, 稳定中心变为渐进稳定的焦点, 稳定平衡线对非自治系统轨线的吸引力增强, 使得响应振动幅值减小; 另外轨线在不同吸引子之间的跳跃次数减少, 也是导致响应振动幅值减小的另一个原因. 通过对参数激励的相关参数减振效果分析, 发现加入的动力吸振器在较大的振动幅值和频率范围内都能起到抑制系统振动的作用. 为两尺度系统耦合线性动力吸振器减振研究提供了理论依据.      

A new physical model on the capillary phenomenon of granular particles

Similar to the capillary phenomenon of liquid, granular particles can move up to a certain height along a vertically vibrating tube. The certain height, which is called the equilibrium height, is related to some parameters, e.g., the inner diameter of the tube, the amplitude, and the vibration frequency. In this paper, a theoretical model is proposed to explain the physical origin of the capillary phenomenon and the effects of the inner diameter of the tube, the amplitude, and the vibration frequency on the equilibrium height. In this model, the volumes of the inflowing and outflowing particles in a vibration period are calculated, which can significantly broaden our understanding in the flow of particles in the bottom of the tube. In order to prove the assumption of this physical model that the particles in the bottom of the tube move in the form of sine, several experiments are conducted. The granular climbing heights at different granular positions and different time stages are measured. The results show that granules move in the form of sine, which almost coincides with the motion of the tube. Moreover, motivated by the sampling on the asteroid regolith based on this mechanism, the sampling efficiencies for various vibration amplitudes and frequencies are discussed based on the new proposed model. It is found that there is an optimum frequency at which sampling is the most effective.     

异步进动转子与限位器碰摩试验

利用限位器来限制储能飞轮实验转子的大幅度低频异步进动,设计了转子与限位器碰摩试验装置,研究转子的碰摩振动。分析了转子内表面碰摩力对转子运动的影响。转子与内置式限位器发生稳定的局部碰摩时,转子低频进动幅值不再增加,转子自转速度保持不变。碰摩转子的强迫振动在时域及频域都表现出了复杂性,碰摩冲击作为宽频激励,能够激励出转子-支承系统的第二模态正向进动。     

三爆轰管-脉冲爆轰发动机的近场噪声特性

为研究三爆轰管脉冲爆轰发动机噪声的形成机理和特性,设计了正三角形组合的三爆轰管PDE实验系统,分别在与中心轴线成0°、30°、60°及90°方向上,对8个不同距离处的声压进行了测量,结果表明:不同距离处噪声幅值最大值均在30°方向上;爆轰噪声的参考半径为3倍“名义管径”;爆轰噪声的A持续时间随着r(距离三爆轰管名义“中点”的直线距离)的增加近似线性减小,并随着角度的增大而减小。B持续时间与声压值的大小成反比关系,并且随着轴向距离的增加而增加。在不同的方位角上,峰值声压越大,B持续时间越小。     

BUBBLE CHARACTERISTICS IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL VERTICALLY VIBRO-FLUIDIZED BED

Measurement of bubble size and local average bubble rise velocity was carried out in a vertically sinusoidal vibro-fluidized bed. Glass beads of Geldart group B particles were fluidized at different gas velocities, while the bed was vibrated at different frequencies and amplitudes to study their effects on the bubble behavior. This is compared with the case of no vibration in a two-dimensional bed and it is concluded that with vibration the local average bubble size, dbav, decreases significantly, especially at minimum bubbling velocity. The average bubble size increases slightly with increasing vibration frequency and amplitude. The local average bubble rise velocity is higher than that with no vibration, though with increasing vibration frequency and amplitude, it does not change significantly.