牛血清蛋白在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球表面的吸附

血清蛋白在聚合物微球上的吸附在生物传感器、细胞分离、药物输送体系,人造器官及固相免疫分析等方面都有很重要的研究价值，因此近二十年来受到了越来越多的重视．     

聚羟基丁酸酯环带球晶的形貌研究

聚羟基丁酸酯 ( PHB)是一种由细菌合成的手性高分子材料 ,其分子结构具有高度的规整性 [1] ,球晶比较大 (直径可达几毫米 ) ,是研究高分子结晶行为和形态的理想材料 [2 ] .在偏光显微镜下 ,Bauer[3]和 Martinez- Salazar等 [4 ] 曾在 PHB球晶上观察到消光带和同心的环线 .在聚环氧乙烷 [5] 和小分子液晶4-氰基 - 4 -癸氧基联苯的球晶上 [6 ] 也观察到了同心环线 .但这些工作都把同心环线归结为裂缝 ,并未提供证据 .事实上 ,偏光显微镜的低分辨率及其透视特点 [7] ,使之无法真实反映材料的表面形貌 ,因而也无法区分裂缝和台阶 .我们对光…     

聚蔗糖微球缓释载体的研制

药物输送系统(drug delivery system,DDS)主要包括药物和载体两部分,微球(microspheres)是以适宜的高分子材料制成的一种应用较为广泛的新型药物载体。本文研究了聚蔗糖微球的制备方法以及作为药物缓释载体的可行性。以Span-80为表面活性剂,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,Ficoll-400水溶液为水相(W),氯苯为油相(O),采用反相悬浮聚合法制备了一系列粒径<100μm、圆球率高的聚蔗糖微球。以牛血清蛋白(BSA)为模型药物,研究其作为药物载体的缓释性能。释放实验表明其最大释放率为95%,适当提高其交联程度有利于BSA的缓慢释放。     

微纳米金属有机骨架材料的制备及形貌调控

金属有机骨架材料(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)由于具有超高的比表面积和孔隙率、孔径大小和结构可调等优点,在能源、催化和生物医药等领域引起了人们广泛的重视。近年来,微纳米MOFs的可控制备成为了一个新的研究热点。本文总结了微纳米MOFs的合成方法、形貌调控以及应用方面的研究成果,并对其未来研究进行了展望。     

聚羟基丁酸酯缓释微球的制备与性能

用溶剂蒸发法制备了以新型生物可降解材料聚羟基丁酸酯为载体、以安定为模药的缓释微球,讨论了药物与载体之比对药物含量与包封率的影响,以及制备微球条件对药物释放性能的影响;微球平均粒径为30～40 μm,粒径分布在 1～1.5之间,最大载药量为19.51%;最高包封率为67.11%;体外累积释放曲线呈"两相"释放特征并拌随初始的"突释效应".扫描电镜观察微球表面呈皱缩表观形态结构,微球内部横断面具有孔道与孔洞,在4℃与室温(20～25 ℃)条件下密封,避光环境下性质稳定.     

特殊微形貌聚吡咯的合成及吸附性能

聚吡咯(PPy)是一种性能优异的导电高分子材料,近年来的研究热点集中于PPy及其复合材料在电化学方面的应用,而对于PPy复合材料的特殊微形貌以及吸附性能的关注较少。本文介绍了关于PPy微观形貌的合成方法,综述了采用硬模板和软模版法合成纤维状、管状、球状、多孔状和其他不同特殊微形貌的PPy及其复合材料,包括PPy/金属单质、PPy/金属氧化物、PPy/染料以及PPy/非金属单质等复合材料,并进一步分析了PPy及其复合材料不同形貌之间的差异,得出微形貌的差异可以影响材料性能的结论。简述了目前将PPy复合材料应用于吸附领域的报道,介绍了不同微形貌聚吡咯材料对于其吸附性能的影响,分析了特殊形貌PPy及其复合材料对染料、重金属展示出来的优良吸附性能,指出PPy复合材料在吸附领域的巨大应用前景与商业价值。     

聚多巴胺球支撑银纳米粒子制备无酶过氧化氢生物传感器

近年来,以聚多巴胺球支撑的纳米复合材料越来越受到人们的关注。聚多巴胺球有表面功能化基团如—OH、—NH_2等,决定了聚多巴胺球可以充当多种纳米复合材料的活性载体。利用聚多巴胺良好的还原性制备并负载银纳米粒子于聚多巴胺球表面,制备出的新型复合材料银纳米粒子-聚多巴胺球(以下简写为Ag@pdop)。Au修饰电极和银纳米粒子对过氧化氢的还原反应均具有很好的催化性能,利用两者特点将其复合制备修饰电极实现对H2O2的无酶传感,检测灵敏度达到了14.7μA/(mmol·L-1),检出限可达11.8μmol/L,线性范围0.2~6.0mmol/L,检测结果及抗干扰能力均令人满意。     

聚多巴胺球支撑银纳米粒子制备无酶过氧化氢生物传感器

近年来,以聚多巴胺球支撑的纳米复合材料越来越受到人们的关注。聚多巴胺球有表面功能化基团如—OH、—NH_2等,决定了聚多巴胺球可以充当多种纳米复合材料的活性载体。利用聚多巴胺良好的还原性制备并负载银纳米粒子于聚多巴胺球表面,制备出的新型复合材料银纳米粒子-聚多巴胺球(以下简写为Ag@pdop)。Au修饰电极和银纳米粒子对过氧化氢的还原反应均具有很好的催化性能,利用两者特点将其复合制备修饰电极实现对H2O2的无酶传感,检测灵敏度达到了14.7μA/(mmol·L-1),检出限可达11.8μmol/L,线性范围0.2~6.0mmol/L,检测结果及抗干扰能力均令人满意。     

形貌转录法制备Ag-P(AM-co-MAA)复合微球

以反相悬浮聚合技术合成的丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)共聚高分子微凝胶P(AM-co-MAA)为模板,结合反胶束法制备得到Ag3PO4-P(AM-co-MAA)复合微球,并将其分散于乙醇溶剂中通过化学还原Ag3PO4-P(AM-co-MAA)复合微球制备得到粒径为几十微米,具有表面图案,且结构为核-壳型的Ag-P(AM-co-MAA)复合微球材料.能量散射X射线(EDX)谱表明壳化学组成以金属银为主,核以高分子模板为主;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察结果表明银-高分子复合微球的表面形貌与其前驱体类似,且可以通过选择模板、改变模板组成、调整金属难溶银盐沉积量等因素加以调控;X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明前驱体复合微球表面Ag3PO4全部转化为单质银.生物抗菌实验表明该类微球材料对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌均具有较强的抑制作用.     

交联剂加入方式对聚苯乙烯微球形貌和分散性能的影响

以醇水混合液为分散介质,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为稳定剂,二乙烯基苯为交联剂,采用分散聚合法一步制备了粒径约为1μm的单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球;采用扫描电镜和激光粒度仪等分析微球表面形貌及粒径分布,研究了滴加交联剂开始时间、交联剂浓度、引发剂浓度等对微球形貌和分散性能的影响.结果表明,在实验进行4h时加入交联剂,且交联剂滴加持续时间为2h的条件下,可制得平均粒径为1μm左右的交联聚苯乙烯微球,其具有较好的单分散性和球形度,且表面光滑.     

沉淀法高效制备聚多巴胺纳米粒子

为得到分散性和稳定性较好的聚多巴胺纳米粒子,利用“沉淀-再分散法”高效制备了聚多巴胺纳米粒子水分散液。 首先利用溶液氧化法制备了分散在水/乙醇中的聚多巴胺纳米粒子,然后向分散液中加入丙酮使聚多巴胺纳米粒子絮凝。 收集沉降物,用丙酮冲洗并干燥后,加水重新分散得到纯化的聚多巴胺纳米粒子水分散液。 丙酮沉淀法得到的聚多巴胺纳米粒子形貌规整,分散性好,粒径分布在250 nm左右,在水中具有良好的储存稳定性和光热性能,与传统的超速离心提纯法相比,产率可提高57.4%。 此方法为其之后在药物载体及光热治疗等方面的应用研究提供了便利。     

微纳米粒子的形貌调控及其对药物/基因传递体系的影响

超分子组装体由于具有适合的微纳米尺寸、可控的结构和良好的生物相容性等特点,极大地促进了药物/基因传递体系的发展。拓扑结构(如形貌、尺寸)是影响药物/基因传递体系的重要因素,这方面研究正成为这一领域的研究热点。本文综述了调控组装体形貌的主要手段,包括聚合物链结构与组成、组装条件、外界刺激及聚合诱导的组装体形貌,初步探讨了微观形貌对药物/基因传递体系的影响,并对这一领域进行了展望。     

Hitherto-Unexplored Photodynamic Therapy of Ag2S and Enhanced Regulation Based on Polydopamine In Vitro and Vivo

Given their superior penetration depths, photosensitizers with longer absorption wavelengths present broader application prospects in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, Ag₂S quantum dots were discovered, for the first time, to be capable of killing tumor cells through the photodynamic route by near-infrared light irradiation, which means relatively less excitation of the probe compared with traditional photosensitizers absorbing short wavelengths. On modification with polydopamine (PDA), PDA-Ag₂S was obtained, which showed outstanding capacity for inducing reactive oxygen species (increased by 1.69 times). With the addition of PDA, Ag₂S had more opportunities to react with surrounding O₂, which was demonstrated by typical triplet electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis. Furthermore, the PDT effects of Ag₂S and PDA-Ag₂S achieved at longer wavelengths were almost identical to the effects produced at 660 nm, which was proved by studies in vitro. PDA-Ag₂S showed distinctly better therapeutic effects than Ag₂S in experiments in vivo, which further validated the enhanced regulatory effect of PDA. Altogether, a new photosensitizer with longer absorption wavelength was developed by using the hitherto-unexplored photodynamic function of Ag₂S quantum dots, which extended and enhanced the regulatory effect originating from PDA.     

基于聚多巴胺纳米粒子的荧光增强型探针检测乙酰胆碱酶

以多巴胺盐酸盐为原料,在碱性条件下通过氧化反应制备聚多巴胺荧光纳米粒子(F-PDA),再与二氧化锰(MnO_2)纳米片进行复合,构建了用于检测乙酰胆碱酶(AChE)的F-PDA@MnO_2复合物荧光探针。MnO_2纳米片和F-PDA复合,体系的荧光被猝灭。在底物乙酰硫代胆碱(ATCh)存在下,加入AChE后,体系荧光恢复,恢复程度与AChE浓度在5.0～100 mU/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.14 mU/mL(S/N=3)。该方法用于缓冲溶液中AChE的检测,加标回收率为89.5%～120%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～2.5%,且具有较高的选择性。可为基于F-PDA传感体系构建提供新的方法学模型。     

Supramolecular Regulation of Polydopamine Formation by Amyloid Fibers

Polydopamine (PD) and melanin species are chemically complex systems, the formation and properties of which are incompletely understood. Inspired by the role of functional amyloids in melanin biosynthesis, this paper examines the influences of the supramolecular structure of amyloids on oxidative polymerization of dopamine. Kinetic analyses on the formation of PD species in the presence of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) fibers or soluble HEWL revealed that both forms gave rise to the total quantity of PD species, but the rate of their formation could be accelerated only by the amyloid form. PD species formed with HEWL fibers showed a morphology of bundled fibers, whereas those with soluble HEWL had a mesh-like structure. Amyloid fibers of recombinant Pmel17 had properties similar to those of HEWL fibers in modulating PD formation. The results presented here suggest how nature designs functionality with an amyloid structure and can help understand and engineer chemistries of other functional amyloids.     

Lipid Nanotube Tailored Fabrication of Uniquely Shaped Polydopamine Nanofibers as Photothermal Converters

Helically coiled and linear polydopamine (PDA) nanofibers were selectively fabricated with two different types of lipid nanotubes (LNTs) that acted as templates. The obtained coiled PDA‐LNT hybrid showed morphological advantages such as higher light absorbance and photothermal conversion effect compared to a linear counterpart. Laser irradiation of the coiled PDA‐LNT hybrid induced a morphological change and subsequent release of the encapsulated guest molecule. In cellular experiments, the coiled PDA‐LNT efficiently eliminated HeLa cells because of its strong affinity with the tumor cells. This work illustrates the first approach to construct characteristic morphologies of PDA nanofibers using LNTs as simple templates, and the coiled PDA‐LNT hybrid exhibits attractive photothermal features derived from its unique coiled shape.     

Stratified Polymer Brushes from Microcontact Printing of Polydopamine Initiator on Polymer Brush Surfaces

Stratified polymer brushes are fabricated using microcontact printing (μCP) of initiator integrated polydopamine (PDOPBr) on polymer brush surfaces and the following surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP). It is found that the surface energy, chemically active groups, and the antifouling ability of the polymer brushes affect transfer efficiency and adhesive stability of the polydopamine film. The stickiness of the PDOPBr pattern on polymer brush surfaces is stable enough to perform continuous μCP and SI‐ATRP to prepare stratified polymer brushes with a 3D topography, which have broad applications in cell and protein patterning, biosensors, and hybrid surfaces.

     

溶剂对SEBS/PMMA共混物薄膜形态的影响

采用原子力显微镜研究了聚（苯乙烯嵌-乙烯／丁烯嵌-苯乙烯）（SEBS）和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）共混物不同溶剂旋转涂膜的表面形态和相分离行为。结果表明,用共混物的氯仿溶液旋转涂膜,可见明显的共混物的宏观相分离和SEBS的微观相分离形态。改变选择性溶剂可使旋涂膜具有不同的均匀度和形态结构,其相区的尺寸和形状相差甚大,有海岛型、网状、双连续状结构。AFM显示用环己烷／丁酮混合溶剂旋转涂膜,共混物的相分离最为彻底;用选择性溶剂氯仿时次之,但有明显的相分离;对SEBS和PMMA均无选择性的单一溶剂或混合溶剂则无明显相分离。     

金纳米粒子/聚多巴胺/碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极对核黄素的测定

采用原位还原法制备金纳米粒子/聚多巴胺/碳纳米管（Au-PDA-MWNTs）复合材料,并将其用于建立高灵敏检测核黄素的电化学方法.采用紫外–可见光谱、扫描电镜、x-射线能谱对Au-PDA-MWNTs复合材料进行表征,采用循环伏安法和差示脉冲伏安法探讨核黄素（RF）在Au-PDA-MWNTs修饰的玻碳电极上的电化学行为,并对RF含量进行测定.该方法对核黄素的检测在5×10^-9 mol·L^-1～1×10^-5 mol·L^-1的范围内呈良好的线性关系（R=0.9906）,检测限为1.7×10^-9 mol·L^-1.本方法操作简便、抗干扰能力强,方法可行,因此该方法成功实现了维生素药片中RF含量的测定.     

The Photophysics and Photochemistry of Melanin- Like Nanomaterials Depend on Morphology and Structure

Melanin-like nanomaterials have found application in a large variety of high economic and social impact fields as medicine, energy conversion and storage, photothermal catalysis and environmental remediation. These materials have been used mostly for their optical and electronic properties, but also for their high biocompatibility and simplicity and versatility of preparation. Beside this, their chemistry is complex and it yields structures with different molecular weight and composition ranging from oligomers, to polymers as well as nanoparticles (NP). The comprehension of the correlation of the different compositions and morphologies to the optical properties of melanin is still incomplete and challenging, even if it is fundamental also from a technological point of view. In this minireview we focus on scientific papers, mostly recent ones, that indeed examine the link between composition and structural feature and photophysical and photochemical properties proposing this approach as a general one for future research.