固相萃取纯化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尿液中痕量雷公藤红素

提出了尿液中雷公藤红素的高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。尿液样品经Waters Oasis HLB固相萃取柱富集、净化后,以XDB C18反相色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为分离柱,以0.5 g.L-1乙酸-乙腈(25+75)混合溶液为流动相,以氢化可的松为内标,采用负离子模式大气压化学电离源在多反应监测模式下进行检测,雷公藤红素和内标的定量离子对分别为m/z449/405和m/z419/329。线性范围为0.2~50.0μg.L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.07μg.L-1。日内精密度(n=6)和日间精密度(n=15)分别小于9.3%和11.4%。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定鼻腔给药后人血浆中佐米曲普坦的含量

建立了经鼻腔给药后人血浆中佐米曲普坦的液相色谱-质谱联用测定方法。血浆样品经乙酸乙酯-二氯甲烷(体积比4∶1)液-液提取后,以Hypersil BDS C6H5柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相为乙腈(含1%甲酸)-0.02 mol.L-1醋酸铵(体积比30∶70),流速为0.6 mL.m in-1,柱温:25℃,进样量:40μL,在Agilent 1100 LC/MSD XCT离子阱质谱仪上,以选择离子监测(SIM)方式进行定量分析,用于监测的离子为m/z288(佐米曲普坦)和m/z296(舒马普坦,内标物)。佐米曲普坦的定量下限为0.30μg.L-1,线性范围为0.30~25μg.L-1,方法回收率在82%~87%之间(n=5),精密度与准确度符合生物样品分析要求。该法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高,可用于佐米曲普坦临床血药浓度和药代动力学研究。     

高效液相色谱-质谱法测定尿液中痕量雷公藤春碱

提出了尿液中雷公藤春碱的高效液相色谱-质谱测定方法。尿液样品经Waters Oasis(MCX固相萃取小柱富集、净化后,以Zorbax Eclipse SB C18反相色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为分离柱,以乙酸盐缓冲溶液-乙腈(40+60)为流动相,采用正离子模式大气压化学电离源,在选择离子监测模式下进行检测,雷公藤春碱的定量离子质荷比(m/z)为874.4。线性范围为0.2~50.0μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.07μg·L-1,测定下限(10S/N)为0.2μg·L-1。回收率在86.0%~92.0%之间,日内(n=6)和日间(n=15)相对标准偏差分别小于7.5%和10.5%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定药品中奈玛特韦等5种小分子抗病毒药物

建立了一种同时检测奈玛特韦、利托那韦、莫诺拉韦、奥司他韦和达卡他韦5种小分子抗病毒药物的高效液相色谱-质谱分析方法。样品经甲醇溶解超声提取后,经CNWShell C18 Core-Shell色谱柱(100×2.1 mm, 2.6μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子模式下,同时采用多反应监测(MRM)和二级全扫(MS²)模式扫描分析。5种抗病毒药物在一定浓度范围内线性良好;检出限(S/N=3)为0.15～0.5μg/g;定量限(S/N=10)为0.5～1.2μg/g;加标平均回收率为90.0%～97.4%,精密度(n=6)均小于5%。采用本方法对10份样品进行测定,发现7份样品不含标示的有效成分奈玛特韦,有效成分利托那韦含量远低于标示含量,且检出奥司他韦或达卡他韦等非法添加化学成分。所建立方法灵敏、快速、可靠,可用于药品制剂中5种抗病毒药物的定性及定量分析。     

液相色谱－串联质谱法对小鼠血浆中远志皂苷元的测定

建立了小鼠血浆中远志皂苷元(senegenin,Se)的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法.以RESTEK PinnacleⅡC18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm)为色谱柱,乙腈-水(体积比51∶49)为流动相,流速200 μL·min-1;柱温20 ℃;质谱条件为气动辅助电喷雾离子源(ESI),检测方式为负离子多反应监测模式(MRM),用于定性分析的离子对为m/z 535/481和m/z 535/423,其中m/z 535/481为定量离子;生物样品采用固相萃取方法处理.远志皂苷元标准曲线的线性范围为0.5～1 000 μg·L-1,定量下限达0.5 μg·L-1,日内、日间相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于15%,回收率大于80%,精密度和准确度等均符合生物样品分析的要求.结果表明该法准确、灵敏、特异,适用于血浆中远志皂苷元的测定.该文还借助ABI4000 Q TRAP四极杆质谱仪特有的MS/MS/MS技术探讨了远志皂苷元碰撞活化裂解(collision-active dissociation,CAD)主要质谱碎片的产生机理.     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定体液中麻黄碱和秋水仙碱

建立了血液与尿液中麻黄碱和秋水仙碱的高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-MS)的同时测定方法。血液与尿液样品经三氟乙酸-乙腈(1∶99)溶液提取后,用Waters Oasis(MCX固相萃取小柱进行净化,在XDB-C8柱上以甲醇-0.04%(体积分数)三氟乙酸(33+67)为流动相,采用电喷雾电离(ESI)在选择离子监测(SIM)模式下测定。定量分析离子:麻黄碱(m/z)166[M+H]+;秋水仙碱(m/z)400[M+H]+。麻黄碱和秋水仙碱在4.0~1 000.0和6.0~1 000.0μg.L-1范围内均呈线性关系,检出限分别为4.0和6.0μg.L-1,回收率在81.0%~109.0%范围内,其日内精密度<6.4%,日间精密度<9.9%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定工业废水中尼古丁含量

通过采用液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定工业废水中尼古丁的方式,从排污口取得的废水,过滤后采用反相C18色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)分离,以甲醇-水(95+5)溶液为流动相,电喷雾串联质谱正离子模式下监测,测定尼古丁特征离子碎片m/z 130.1。结果发现:方法的线性范围为0.80～80.0μg.L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.05μg.L-1,加标回收率为96.0%～97.9%。     

液相色谱-串联质谱测定面条和米粉中的硫脲

建立了米面制品中硫脲的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定方法.实验优化了样品提取方法、液相色谱条件和质谱参数.样品用80%乙醇超声波提取,离子交换色谱分离,色谱柱为NUCLEOSIL 100-5SA 阳离子交换柱,流动相为乙腈-(1%乙酸+0.2%乙酸铵)水溶液(30: 70),流速0.5mL/min.采用电喷雾质谱正离子模式电离,多反应选择离子检测,检测离子对为m/z 77/60和m/z 77/43,其中m/z 77/60为定量离子对.结果表明: 本方法简便快速、准确可靠,相对标准偏差＜4.0%;回收率为83%～90%;检出限为0.5 mg/kg;定量下限为 5 mg/kg.     

乳制品中那他霉素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定

建立了超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速检测乳制品中那他霉素的方法。样品用甲醇提取,以甲醇-水为流动相经反相色谱柱分离后,采用多反应监测(MRM)负离子模式检测,定性离子对为m/z663.6/421.1和m/z663.6/439.1,其中m/z663.6/421.1用于外标法定量。空白样品及其加标实验结果表明:特征离子相对强度比值稳定,无基质干扰,结合保留时间可实现准确的定性定量;方法定量下限为50.0μg/kg;乳制品加标量为50~500μg/kg时,平均回收率为80%~91%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.7%~5.2%。方法简单、灵敏、稳定,可满足乳制品中那他霉素的快速检测与确证需要。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定液态乳制品中的苯代三聚氰胺

建立了液态乳制品中苯代三聚氰胺的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。优化了前处理条件、液相色谱和质谱参数。样品经LC-C18固相萃取柱富集净化后,采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱分离,流动相为乙腈-水(15∶85,体积比),流速为0.3 mL/min。采用正离子模式的电喷雾质谱检测,多反应(MRM)选择离子监测,定量离子与定性离子分别为m/z 104.1与m/z 146.0,外标法定量。结果表明,苯代三聚氰胺在2~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 1,方法的检出限和定量下限分别为1.0μg/kg和3.0μg/kg。在低、中、高3个加标水平下的平均回收率为77%~105%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.3%~5.0%。该方法操作简单、准确可靠,适用于液态乳制品中苯代三聚氰胺的测定。     

Darstellung,Kristallstrukturen, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von vier bindungsisomeren Trichlorotrirhodanoosmaten(IV)

Preparation, Crystal Structures, Vibrational Spectra, and Normal Coordinate Analysis of four Linkage Isomeric Trichlorotrirhodanoosmates(IV) By treatment of fac-[OsCl₃I₃]^2? with (SCN)₂ in dichloromethane the linkage isomers fac-[OsCl₃(NCS)₃]^2? ( 1 ), mer-[OsCl₃(NCS)₂^c(SCN)]^2? ( 2 ), mer-[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂^t]^2? ( 3 ), and mer-[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂^c]^2? ( 4 ) are formed which have been separated by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. X-Ray structure determinations have been performed on single crystals of fac-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)₃] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 12.142(5), b = 13.233(5), c = 19.300(5) Å, α = 98.642(5)º, β = 100.509(5)º, γ = 112.514(5)º, Z = 2), mer-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)₂^c (SCN)] · acetone (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 11.707(5), b = 13.238(5), c = 19.048(5) Å, α = 75.960(5)º, β = 88.981(5)º, γ = 69.999(5)º, Z = 2), mer-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂ ^t] (triclinic, space group P1, a = 10.6861(12), b = 11.6587(5), c = 12.5232(5) Å, α = 112.069(8)º, β = 95.052(8)º, γ = 92.559(7)º, Z = 1) and mer-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂ ^c] · 2acetone (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 11.444(5), b = 14.661(5), c = 15.830(5) Å, α = 75.790(5)º, β = 80.273(5)º, γ = 75.205(5)º, Z = 2). The complex anions are completely ordered. The via N or S coordinated thiocyanate groups are located nearly direct above one of the cis-positioned Cl ligands with Os? N? C angles of 169.1º, 171.5º, 175.7º ( 1 ), 175.6º, 178.6º ( 2 ), 172º ( 3 ), and 173.1º ( 4 ) and Os? S? C angles of 106.2º ( 2 ), 106.1º, 106.6º ( 3 ), 105.1º, and 108.2º ( 4 ). Using the molecular parameters of the X-Ray determinations the low temperature (10 K) IR and Raman spectra of the (n-Bu₄N) salts of all four linkage isomers have been assigned by normal coordinate analyses based on a modified valence force field. The valence force constants are f_d(OsN) = 1.71 ( 1 ), 1.46 and 1.62 ( 2 ), 1.69 ( 3 ), and 1.61 ( 4 ), f_d(OsS) = 1.27 ( 2 ), 1.36 ( 3 ), 1.32, and 1.49 mdyn/Å ( 4 ). Taking into account increments of the trans influence a good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies is achieved.     

Darstellung,Kristallstrukturen, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von vier bindungsisomeren Tetrachlorodirhodanoosmaten(IV)

Preparation, Crystal Structures, Vibrational Spectra, and Normal Coordinate Analysis of Four Linkage Isomeric Tetrachlorodirhodanoosmates(IV) By treatment of cis- or trans-[OsCl₄I₂]^2? with (SCN)₂ in dichloromethane the linkage isomers cis-[OsCl₄(NCS)₂]^2? ( 1 ), trans-[OsCl₄(NCS)(SCN)]^2? ( 2 ), cis-[OsCl₄(NCS)(SCN)]^2? ( 3 ) and trans-[OsCl₄(SCN)₂]^2? ( 4 ) are formed which have been separated by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The X-Ray structure determinations on single crystals of cis-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₄(NCS)₂] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 10.019(5), b = 11.702(5), c = 21.922(5) Å, α = 83.602(5)°, β = 85.718(5)°, γ = 73.300(5)°, Z = 2), trans-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₄ · (NCS)(SCN)] (monoclinic, space group P2₁/c, a = 18.025(5), b = 11.445(5), c = 23.437(5) Å, β = 94.208(5)°, Z = 4), cis-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₄(NCS)(SCN)] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 10.579(5), b = 11.682(5), c = 22.557(5) Å, α = 81.073(5)°, β = 85.807(5)°, γ = 87.677(5)°, Z = 2) and trans-(Ph₄As)₂ · [OsCl₄(SCN)₂] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 10.615(5), b = 11.691(5), c = 11.907(5) Å, α = 111.314(5)°, β = 96.718(5)°, γ = 91.446(5)°, Z = 1) reveal the complete ordering of the complex anions. The via N or S coordinated thiocyanate groups are located nearly direct above one of the cis-positioned Cl ligands with Os? N? C angles of 171.2° and 174.3° ( 1 ), 162.3° ( 2 ), 172° ( 3 ) and Os? S? C angles of 108.3° ( 2 ), 105.7° ( 3 ) and 105.5° ( 4 ). Using the molecular parameters of the X-Ray determinations the low temperature (10 K) IR and Raman spectra of the (n-Bu₄N) salts of all four linkage isomers are assigned by normal coordinate analyses based on a modified valence force field. The valence force constants are f_d(OsN) = 1.59 ( 1 ), 1.67 ( 2 ), 1.60 ( 3 ) and f_d(OsS) = 1.27 ( 2 ), 1.31 ( 3 ) and 1.32 mdyn Å^?1 ( 4 ). Taking into account increments of the trans influence a good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies is achieved.     

Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von (n-Bu4N)3[Ir(NCS)(SCN)5]

Preparation and Crystal Structure of (n-Bu₄N)₃[Ir(NCS)(SCN)₅] The evaporated ethanolic extrakt of the reaction product of K₃[IrCl₆] and HNO₃, refluxed with an aqueous KSCN solution yields a mixture of the linkage isomers [Ir(NCS)_n(SCN)_6?-n]^3?, n = 0? 2, and small amounts of linkage isomeric chloropentarhodanoiridates(III), from which [Ir(NCS)(SCN)₅]^3? has been isolated by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The X-Ray structure determination on a single crystal of (n-Bu₄N)₃[Ir(NCS)(SCN)₅] (monoclinic, space group P 2₁/a, a = 17.513(5), b = 32.607(5), c = 23.661(5) Å, β = 94.757(5)°, Z = 8) confirms the existance of a heteroleptic hexakis(thiocyanato(N)-thiocyanato(S))iridate(III) with an Ir? N distance of 2.03 Å and Ir? S bond lengths between 2.29 and 2.38 Å. The SCN groups with angles between 166 and 175° are nearly linear with Ir? S? C angles from 99.9 to 109.4°. The Ir? N? C angles of the two crystallographic independent anions are 166 and 174°.     

Comparative Thermogravimetric Studies of Poly(ether-ketone/sulfone) Imides and Their Parent Polymers: I. Poly(ether-ketone/sulfone) ethylimide

Thermogravimetry (TG) was employed to study the thermal degradation kinetics of poly(etherketone/sulfone)ethylimide (PEK-IE and PES-IE). The corresponding decomposition activation energies and reaction orders were obtained and the comparison was made with their parent polymerspoly(ether-ketone/sulfone) with Cardo group (PEK-C and PES-C). The results show that the degradation activation energies of PEK-IE and PES-IE were lower than that of PEK-C and PES-C; and two stages of the degradation process were found for all the four polymers. For PEK-IE and PES-IE, the activation energies in the first decomposition stage are much lower than that in the second stage and the two stages can be taken as slow induction and fast degradation, whereas for PEK-C and PES-C the activation energies in the first decomposition stage are larger than that in the second stage, and the two stages can both be taken as two fast degradation stages. The decomposition mechanism of the two stages was also speculated.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL COMPLEXES WITH AMPICILLIN

Abstract

The reaction, in water, of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions with sodium ampicillinate at room temperature has allowed isolation of dimers with the following general formula [M(amp)Cl]₂ × nH₂O (n = 1.5?3.2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman, EPR and UV-Visible). A dinuclear structure based on octahedrally coordinated metal ions is proposed.     

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性;均苯四甲酸二酐;联苯四羧酸二酐;二羟基联苯胺;聚酰亚胺;聚苯并噁唑;耐热性     

Thermal Degradation of Poly(ε-caprolactone), Poly(L-lactic acid) and their Blends with Poly(3-hydroxy-butyrate) Studied by TGA/FT-IR Spectroscopy

Summary: The thermal degradation behavior of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) have been studied in different environment. It was found that these polymers undergo completely different degradation processes in nitrogen and oxygen atmosphere. In oxygen environment PCL and PLA mainly decompose to CO₂, CO, water and short-chain acids. In nitrogen atmosphere PCL releases 5-hexenioc acid, CO₂, CO and ε-caprolactone, whereas PLA decomposes to acetaldehyde, CO₂, CO and lactide. The polymer blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with PCL and PLA decompose similar to the individual homopolymers with crotonic acid as the initial decomposition product of PHB.     

Energy relationship and the polarization of C_(60) cage in the endohedral complexes (X@C_(60))

In this paper, we carry out the calculation on the system (X@C60)(X=Li, Na, K, Kb, Cs; F, Cl, Br, I), where the position of X changes along 5 typical symmetry directions. For the calculation of quantum chemistry we use EHMO/ASED method, for the calculation of molecular mechanics we use Buckingham potential (exp-6-1) function, and for the calculation of thermo-chemical cycle we use individually isolating the processes such as the structure variation, charge transfer and charge distribution, and their interactions etc. The calculation results show that (1) In the region of radius r≈0.2 nm of the Ceo cage, the potential field is nearly spherical; (2) Except for Li and Na, the systems are the most stable with minimum energies at the center of C60 cage. For Li and Na, the systems are the most stable with minimum energies at r≈0.16 nm and r≈0.13 nm, respectively. In view of the interactive region of chemical bonds, the interactions between X and the C60 cage do not belong to the classical chemical bonds; (     

铜在3%NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的光电化学研究

Cu以其优异的导电性、导热性和易加工性广泛用于工农业生产中．自然Cu的腐蚀和防腐成为人们很关注的问题．人们已经注意到，Cl-对Cu的腐蚀有影响，并进行过一些研究．但目前使用光电化学方法研究这一问题的文章尚不多见，特别是利用测量开路光电压及其瞬态波形这一现场的、无损的、灵敏的监测方法研究户对Cu电极腐蚀全过程的文章尚未见到．本文正是利用如上方法及XPS，AES方法，研究了Cl-对Cu电极腐蚀的全过程，取得了一些有意义的结果．1实验方法Cu电极用99．99％（质量分数）的Cu制成，面积约为39mm2；电极底部由Cu导线焊接引出，…     

On the morphological behavior of ABC miktoarm stars containing poly(cis 1,4-isoprene), poly(styrene), and poly(2-vinylpyridine)

Fundamental understanding of microphase separation in ABC miktoarm copolymers is vital to access a plethora of nonconventional morphologies. Miktoarm stars based on poly(cis 1,4-isoprene) (I), poly(styrene) (S), and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (V) are model systems, which allow systematic studies of the effects of composition, chemical microstructure, and temperature on the thermodynamics of microphase separation. Eleven ISV-x (I:S:V = 1:1:x, v:v:v) miktoarm copolymers were synthesized by anionic polymerization affording well-defined copolymers with a variable V arm. Equilibrium bulk morphologies of all samples, as evidenced by small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and self-consistent field theory, showed a systematic transition from lamellae (x ≈ 0–0.2) to [8.8.4] tiling (x ≈ 0.6–0.9) to cylinders in undulating lamellae (x ≈ 2–4) and, finally, to hexagonally packed core–shell cylinders (x ≈ 5–8). Chemical microstructure of the I arm [poly(cis 1,4-isoprene)] versus poly(3,4-isoprene) is shown to play important role in affecting morphological behavior. To reconcile differences between ISV-x star morphologies reported in the literature and those reported herein, even for the same composition, effects of the microstructure of I arm on the Flory–Huggins parameter between I and V arms were taken into account in a qualitative manner. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018 , 56, 1491–1504