Spectroscopic studies into the influence of UV radiation on elastin hydrolysates in water solution

An investigation into the influence of UV irradiation on elastin hydrolysates dissolved in water was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy and spectrofluorometry. It was found that the absorption of elastin hydrolysates in solution increased during irradiation of the sample. For fluorescence of elastin hydrolysates we observed both, a decrease and increase of this value during irradiation of the sample. After UV irradiation of the elastin solution we observed a minor increase of overall absorption, most notably between 250 nm and 280 nm. Moreover, after UV irradiation a wide peak emerged between 290 nm and 310 nm with maximum at about 305 nm. The new peak suggests that new photoproducts are formed during UV irradiation of elastin hydrolysates. The fluorescence of elastin hydrolysates was observed at 305 nm and at 380 nm after excitation at 270 nm. UV irradiation caused fluorescence fading at 305 nm and 380 nm. After 30 min of irradiation a new broad weak band of fluorescence, attributable to new photoproducts, emerged in the UV wavelength region with emission maximum between 400 nm and 500 nm.     

The influence of UV radiation on silk fibroin

An investigation into the influence of UV-irradiation on regenerated silk fibroin dissolved in water was carried out using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found that the absorption of regenerated silk fibroin in solution increased during UV-irradiation of the sample, most notably between 250 and 400 nm. Moreover, after UV-irradiation a wide peak emerged between 290 and 340 nm with maximum at about 305 nm. The new peak suggests that new photoproducts are formed during UV-irradiation of regenerated silk fibroin.The fluorescence of regenerated silk fibroin was observed at 305 nm, at 480 nm and at 601 nm after excitation at 275 nm. UV-irradiation caused fluorescence fading at 305 nm and at 601 nm. The increase of fluorescence was observed at 480 nm, probably due to formation of new photoproducts. After excitation at 305 nm the fluorescence of regenerated silk fibroin was observed at 340 nm and at 400 nm. UV-irradiation caused fluorescence fading at 340 nm. FTIR spectroscopy showed that primary structure of regenerated silk fibroin was not significantly affected by UV radiation. SDS-PAGE chromatography showed alterations of molecular weight of silk after UV exposure.     

Spectroscopic studies on the conformational stability of subtilisins in the presence of urea

Conformational stabilities of four alkaline bacterial proteases in the presence of 8 M urea at neutral pH were studied. The transitions were investigated by examining protein fluorescence, circular dichroism properties and catalytic activity. On the basis of their stability in urea solutions the enzymes could be ordered as follows: subtilisins Carlsberg and DY > subtilisin Novo > mesentericopeptidase.     

Spectroscopic studies on organic molecules intercalated into clays

An overview of clay structures and characterization methods is followed by a discussion of some adsorption reactions of organic molecules which have been studied spectroscopically. These can be divided into two main classes: adsorption with and without reaction.Presented at the Sixth International Seminar on Inclusion Compounds, Istanbul, Turkey, 27–31 August 1995.     

Investigation of the sunscreen octocrylene's interaction with amino acid analogs in the presence of UV radiation

Octocrylene is an organic UV filter, commonly used in sunscreens and cosmetics, which can give rise to both contact and photocontact allergy. Our aim was to investigate octocrylene's interaction with amino acid analogs in the presence of UV radiation to better understand the reason for octocrylene's photoallergenic capacity. The amino acid analogs were photolysed in presence and absence of octocrylene for 1 h in cyclohexane. The rate of degradation was considerably slower for all amino acid analogs when octocrylene was present in the mixture. Benzylamine, the lysine analog, did react with octocrylene during the photolysis and the corresponding amide was formed in an acylation reaction. By varying the benzylamine concentration and keeping the octocrylene concentration fixed the reaction rate was shown to be independent of the amine concentration. The same type of acylation reaction took place when octocrylene alone was photolysed in ethanol in which the ethyl ester was formed from octocrylene and ethanol. Our results suggest that octocrylene's ability to cause photocontact allergy could be due to its photoinduced reactivity toward primary amines and alcohols.     

The influence of UV light on collagen/poly(ethylene glycol) blends

The photodegradation behaviour of the collagen and poly(ethylene glycol) PEG blends has been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy and viscometry. Surface properties before and after UV irradiation were observed using optical microscope.Collagen and PEG were immiscible and the films obtained from the mixture were fragile with poor mechanical properties. The photochemical stability of the collagen and PEG blend was different from that of the single components. In general collagen/PEG blends are less stable under UV irradiation than pure collagen. The influence of PEG on the photochemical stability of collagen depends on its concentration in the blend. Microscope photographs showed that the surface characteristics of collagen and collagen/PEG blends in film form are not drastically altered after UV irradiation.     

Spectroscopic studies on the influence of 10 mol% of glycine on nonlinear optical crystal L-valinium picrate

Nonlinear optics is a fascinating field, which plays a vital role in the emerging field of photonics and optoelectronics. A new nonlinear optical crystal of glycine mixed l-valine picrate (GVP) have been grown from saturated aqueous solution by slow evaporation method at a temperature of 36 °C using a constant temperature bath of accuracy of ±0.01 °C. The synthesized organic optical material has been purified by repeated recrystallization. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis has been made to determine the cell parameters and it confirms the crystal lattice to be orthorhombic. UV–vis-NIR spectrum have recorded for GVP crystals in the range from 190 nm to 1100 nm and it is found that the crystal has cut-off at 450 nm. Fourier transform infrared transmission has confirmed the presence of the functional group present in the title compound. The spectrum has been recorded by KBr pellet technique. The ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra have been recorded to elucidate the molecular structure of GVP crystals. The second harmonic generation (SHG) of the grown crystal have been confirmed by Kurtz–Perry method using Nd:YAG laser as source.     

脱辅基神经红蛋白热稳定性的光谱法研究

采用酸丙酮法制备了脱辅基神经红蛋白(apo-Ngb)。利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和圆二色光谱(CD)对apo-Ngb的热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,在高温下apo-Ngb发生了变性,其二级结构遭到破坏,α-螺旋的含量减少。计算得到了apo-Ngb热变性的中点温度(61.8℃)和热力学参数(ΔH=93.1 kJ·mol-1,ΔS=277.8J·mol-1·K-1)。与Ngb相比,由于血红素辅基的去除,apo-Ngb蛋白肽链结构变得疏松无序,从而使apo-Ngb的热稳定性有所降低。     

An ESR and UV Spectroscopic Study on the Photoreduction of para-Nitroaniline

The products formed in the photoreduction of para-nitroaniline were studied by the techniques of ESR spectroscopy and UV spectrophotometry. It was shown that the main radical products of the reaction in the presence of oxygen are the phenyl radical (in benzene solution) and the benzyl, phenylcarboxyl, and phenyl radicals (in toluene solution). The rate-limiting step in the formation of radical products and solvent hydroxylation products is intersystem crossing in the nitrene adduct with molecular oxygen.     

Spectroscopic studies on modified wood

The FTIR spectra of solid resin-free samples of chemically modified Norway spruce wood were recorded. Correlations were noted between spectral and hydrogen bond structure, chemical modification, fibre crystallinity and macroscopic softening point.     

Spectroscopic studies on the photoeffects on some metallocenes in the presence of chloroform molecules confined in poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films

The changes in the electronic absorption spectra (UV-Vis) (after photoexcitation) of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin films doped with a metallocene and containing chloroform molecules as impurities, have been studied as a function of photoexcitation wavelength (210-750 nm), photoexcitation time (duration), amount of metallocene in the film and amount of chloroform molecules present in the film. Photoeffects on the metallocenes have been observed, which depend significantly on the nature of the central metal atom of the metallocene and the results have been discussed on the basis of the electronic configuration of the metallocenes, which is under study.     

催化材料的紫外拉曼光谱研究

综述了在过去的几年中,我们研究组利用紫外拉曼以及共振拉曼光谱技术在含过渡金属的微孔和介孔材料中活性位结构的表征.分子筛合成机理以及氧化物表面相结构研究中取得的进展.微孔.介孔材料骨架中超低含量的孤立的过渡金属离子或氧化物包括TS-1,Ti-MCM-41,Fe-ZSM-5,Fe-SBA-15和V-MCM-41等能够通过紫外拉曼光谱可靠、准确地鉴别出来.利用紫外拉曼可避开荧光和增加灵敏度的特点,利用自行设计的可用于原位研究水热合成过程的原位紫外拉曼光谱池,对几种典型分子筛(X型分子和Fe-ZSM-5)的合成过程实现了拉曼光谱研究.结果表明,紫外拉曼光谱可以灵敏地检测出合成前体、中间物以及分子筛晶体的演化过程.此外.通过共振拉曼光谱研究了Fe/ZSM-5上的活性中心以及活性氧物种.结果表明,这种具有高活性的氧物种是一种双原子铁物种上的过氧离子,反应的中间物种类似于单加氧酶中的铁络合物.紫外拉曼光谱对氧化锆和氧化钛等氧化物的研究中发现,氧化物的表面与体相结构不同.这一发现对于催化材料的研究有着非常重要的意义,因为大多数的催化材料性质主要取决于它的表面结构.例如,在氧化钛体系中,将用紫外拉曼光谱鉴定出的表面物相信息与氧化钛光催化活性相关联,提出了"锐钛矿-金红石表面异相结增强光催化活性"的新概念.     

Spectroscopic studies on the oligomers of bromotrifluoro ethylene

The photo-initiated oligomerization of bromotrifluoroethylene in chlorotrifluoromethane medium was found to yield a complex mixture of products. ¹⁹F-nmr, infrared and GC-MS spectra revealed the presence of -CF₂Br and —CF = CF₂ and the absence of —CF Br₂ and —CF₃ end groups in the products. Oligomers up to pentamers were identified and their structures elucidated by GC-MS. A plausible mechanism for their formation is suggested.     

Spectroscopic studies on the protonation of Schiff bases

This short review concerns the protonation of Schiff bases by halogenic or carboxylic acids with a bias toward the chromophore of visual and bacterial rhodopsins. It is pointed out that the weak acids available in these pigments could not protonate the retinyl Schiff base 100% and that a supporting mechanism is needed to achieve full protonation. Our Fourier transform infrared studies both at room and low temperatures relating to this problem are summarized, and the propable role of water is emphasized.     

Ultrafast Spectroscopic Study on Non-adiabatic UV Protection Mechanism of Hemicyanines

In this work, we firstly elucidated the ultraviolet light protection dynamics mechanism of the typical hemicyanines, i.e.. Hemicy and DHemicy, by combining the theoretical calculation method and the transient absorption spectra. It is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that both Hemicy and DHemicy have strong absorption in UVC (200-280 nm), UVB (280-300 nm), and UVA (320-400 nm) regions. Moreover, after absorbing energy, Hemicy and DHemicy can jump into the excited states. Subsequently, Hemicy and DHemicy relax to \begin{document}$\mathrm{S}_0 $\end{document} states from \begin{document}$\mathrm{S}_1 $\end{document} states rapidly by the non-adiabatic transition at the conical intersection point between the potential energy curves of \begin{document}$\mathrm{S}_1 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$\mathrm{S}_0 $\end{document} states, and are accompanied by the trans-cis photoisomerism. The transient absorption spectra show that trans-cis photoisomerization occur within a few picoseconds. Thus, the ultraviolet energy absorbed by Hemicy and DHemicy could be relaxed ultrafastly by the non-adiabatic trans-cis photoisomerization processes.     

Spectroscopic studies of azabicyclospirohydantoins

The IR spectra of 3-alkyl-3-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-8-spiro-, 3-alkyl-3-azabicyclo(3.3.1) nonane-9-spiro-, and 8-alkyl-8-azabicyclo(4.3.1)decane-10-spiro-5'-hydantoins have been studied in the solid state and in solution and the existence of different types of hydrogen bonding deduced from the spectra.The presence of intermolecular N_3'-H?N bonds in the solid state depends mainly on the steric hindrance of the polymethylene chain and on the bulk and shape of the piperidine _N-substituent. The possibility of strong N_3'-H?N bond formation is smaller than for isomeric nortropane- and granatanine-spirohydantoins.Results are confirmed in some cases by Raman and X-ray measurements.     

Spectroscopic studies on caffeine and isocaffeine

UV and NMR spectra of caffeine and Isocaffeine were measured in three solvents of different polarity. The Information so obtained revealed unique differences in the electronic structure of 7- and 9- alkyl substituted xanthines. 9-Methyl derivatives bear a “soft” nitrogen at position 3; in 7-methylxanthines this nitrogen is rather “hard”. This characteristic distinction is explained on the basis of orbital interactions, which are also responsible for self-association. In the process of self-association. isocaffeine and caffeine share a hydrophobic effect, but in caffeine water bridges play a decisive rote in molecular aggregation. In contrast, in isocaffeine high polarisability makes the most important contribution to self-association. Steric interference between 3- and 9-alkyl substituents or between a 9-methy1 and a 3-NH group, proposed earlier, does not explain satisfactorily the properties of these xanthines.     

Spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV) and microbiological studies of di-substituted benzoates of alkali metals

The FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV spectra of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic and 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acids as well as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium 3,5-dihydroxy- and 3,5-dichlorobenzoates were recorded, assigned and compared. The theoretical geometries, Mulliken atomic charges, IR wavenumbers were obtained in B3LYP/6-311++G** level. On the basis of the gathered experimental and theoretical data the effect of metals and substituents on the electronic system of studied compounds were investigated. Moreover, the antimicrobiological activity of studied compounds against two species of bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococus aureus and one species of yeast: Candida albicans were studied after 24 and 48 h of incubation. The attempt was made, to find out whether there is any correlation between the first principal component and the degree of growth inhibition exhibited by studied compounds in relation to selected microorganisms.