辉光放电灯在分析中的应用

辉光放电灯（GDL）作为光源被广泛应用于固体样品的直接分析中,文章综述了GDL的发展过程、类型及其在分析中的应用。     

射频供能辉光放电原子发射光谱分析导体的基本特性

自行设计组装了射频供能辉光放电原子发射光谱仪器(rf-GD-AES),并对其分析导体试样的基本特性(包括光源的稳定性、电学特性和光谱特性)进行了研究。在此基础上建立了rf-GD-AES分析导电试样的方法,并用于铜合金标准样品中的A l和Mn的分析,其测定结果与标准值吻合很好,充分地显示了rf-GD-AES在固体样品直接分析中的潜力。     

ICP固体粉末自动摄谱装置

随着ICP光源的广泛应用和地球化学找矿的进展,要求对数以万计的化探样品进行分析。目前采用ICP光源溶液法分析较为常见,然而试样处理比较麻烦。我们根据电弧吹样法原理,采用高频火花放电,驱动粉末试样成尘雾状,随载气引入等离子矩,开展了ICP固体粉末法的研究工作,设计制作了粉末送样装置。最近,针对这一装置存在的问题和在     

峰峰肥煤的固体高分辨核磁共振研究

用固体，ＣＰ，ＣＰ／ＭＡＳＴＯＳＳ和偶极去相等实验技术对我国峰峰肥煤在不同处理阶段所得的三个固体样品进行了分析，得到了十二种煤的结构参数，并计算了三个样品的芳得族团大小，获得了各个样品的结构特点２及变化规律。     

专利申请

光源模块以及分析样品的分析仪器 公开号：CN103712125A 公开日：2014．04．09 申请人：霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 摘要：公开了一种用在分析至少一种样品的分析仪器中的光源模块。该光源模块包含至少一个发光二极管（LED）和适合引导该发光二极管发出光的至少一根光导棒。     

光促甲烷直接转化为甲醇的研究进展

概述了甲烷直接转化为甲醇的光化学和光促表面反应的研究，分析了不同反应体系、不同光源（可见光、紫外光和激光）及不同固体表面材料对甲烷转化率和甲醇选择性的影响，并讨论了“光－表面”对甲烷活化的协同作用。     

HGZ－Ⅱ型自动辉光放电光源的研制

在仔细研辉光放电光源工作过程的基础上，在国内首先设计、制成了ＨＧＺ－Ⅱ型自动辉光放电光源。该光源除换样品外，实现了抽空、进气、对光、预燃、曝光、充气、复位等摄谱全过程的自动控制。有水压、真空度、短路保护措施和醒铃线路。设计合理，性能良好，操作简便，工作安全，可靠。程控部分的编排包括顺序控制。时序控制和条件控制。由于使用了通用执行元、器件，降低了成本，提高了耐用性。为满足表层，逐层分析的需要，还专门设计了计数电路。供电源实现了高压直流供电和脉冲供电。该光源可应用于合金中主成分和少量杂质分析及金属、合金表层，逐层成分分析。     

固体粉末送入高频感耦等离子体装置的研制

一、前言高频感耦等离子体简称(ICP)是1961年Reed首先研制成功,随后不少学者继续进行了这项工作的研究,在不同的领域获得了广泛的应用,后来Fassel和Greenfield等人,把它作为光源引入发射光谱分析中,在试样的送入方式上,溶液试样送入ICP得到成功的应用,它具有灵敏度高,再现性好,基体干扰少,分析范围广,能同时激发多元素等优点,因而受到光谱工作者的普遍重视而得到推广。为适应地质找矿的要求,结合矿石样品多为固体粉末的特点,应该努力争取将固体粉末直接送入ICP。由于高     

旋转电极溶液火花法测定矿石岩石中硅、钙、镁、铝、锰、钛

如何快速而准确地测定矿石岩石中的常见元素硅、钙、镁、铝、锰、钛是从事矿石岩石分析工作者经常感到兴趣的课题。近年来采用ICP光源光电直读光谱测定的方法,获得了较为满意的结果。但采用目前较普及的摄谱仪器进行测定尚存在很多因素的干扰。本试验的目的要制备一套适合不用样品的通用的人工合成固体粉末标准,偏硼酸锂熔矿,旋     

HGZ—Ⅱ型自动辉光放电光源的研制

在仔细研辉光放电光源工作过程的基础上，在国内首先设计，制成了ＨＧＺ－Ⅱ型自动辉光放电光源。该光源除换样品外，实现抽空、进气、对光、预燃、曝光、充气、复位等摄谱全过程的自动控制。有水压、真空度、短路保护措施施和醒铃线路。设计合理，性能良好，操作简便，工作安全，可靠。程控部分的编排包括顺序控制。时序控制和条件控制。由于使用通用执行元、器件，降低了成本，提高了耐用性。为满足表层，逐层分析的需要，还专门设     

High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: Is it as good as it sounds? A critical review

The recent arrival of high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry represents a potential revolution in this field, in particular for direct analysis of complex samples. This review tries to illustrate the main advantages of this technology, paying particular attention to the development of direct solid sampling methods. Three solid sampling applications will be discussed, each one of them highlighting one of the main advantages of this technique. The review also intends to clarify some misconceptions on the true potential of the instrumentation that is currently commercially available, such as its performance for multielemental analysis.     

反射式三维全扫描荧光法在石油勘探中的应用

本文提出了一种对于固体样品不要预处理的反射三维全扫描荧光新技术。它具有信息量大。数据准确等优点。本文用它区分岩样类型，研究石油的来源，并成功地用于石油勘探中。     

Pulsed discharge in a hollow cathode with the detection of ions in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer: Analytical capabilities in the analysis of solid samples

The results of a study of a new analytical system that includes an ion source with a hollow-cathode pulsed gas discharge and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer are reported. It was found that such a system can be successfully used for the direct analysis of metal and dielectric solid samples. The results of the optimization of various ionizer parameters, such as the delay of an ejecting pulse with respect to a discharge pulse and the bias voltage of the anode-cathode pair, are given. It was proposed to use an additive of hydrogen as a reaction gas for a considerable decrease in the intensities of gas components in the mass spectrum, and the effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated. The possibility of the rapid and efficient direct analysis of solid samples with the use of a hollow-cathode pulsed glow discharge was demonstrated using an example of the analysis of high-purity copper samples and the glassy slag of molten lead.     

Sensitive and simplified analysis of natural and synthetic steroids in water and solids using on-line solid-phase extraction and microwave-assisted solvent extraction coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry atmospheric pressure photoionization

Analytical methods for the determination of several natural and synthetic steroids in water and solid samples were developed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) in positive mode was used as the source which appeared to reduce background and interferences as compared to electrospray ionization. Toluene was identified as the most appropriate dopant and its concentration optimized to enhance ionization efficiency. Method detection limits were in the low-nanogram-per-liter range for water samples using on-line solid-phase extraction and near 0.2 ng/g using microwave-assisted solvent extraction for solid samples. This on-line method, using APPI as a source and toluene as a dopant, is beneficial as it saves time due to on-line extraction and reduces interference and matrix effects using gas-phase photoionization. Groundwater, wastewater, runoff, and soil samples were collected and analyzed using the method indicating that traces of several androgens, estrogens, and other steroid-like compounds do occur in samples impacted by animal waste.

Vibrating tip spray ionization mass spectrometry for direct sample analysis

In this work, a vibrating tip spray ionization source was developed for direct mass spectrometric analysis of raw samples under voltage‐free condition. A solid tip was mounted on a vibrator, and the solid tip was placed on the front of MS inlet. Liquid, viscous, and bulk solid samples could be directly loaded on the tip‐end surface, and then a drop of solvent at microliter level was subsequently loaded on the tip for dissolution and extraction of analytes, and a vibrator was then started to atomize and ionize the analytes under ambient condition. We demonstrated vibrating tip spray mass spectrometry in various applications, including food safety, pharmaceutical analysis, and forensic science. Furthermore, in situ analysis of biological tissues and in vivo analysis of living plants were conveniently performed, due to voltage‐free. Different vibration frequencies and solvent compositions were investigated. The analytical performances, including sensitivity, reproducibility, and linear range, were investigated. The ionization process and mechanism were also discussed in this work.     

Graphite furnace for alternative combination with d.c. arc or inductively coupled plasma. Introduction and analysis of solid samples

Summary A graphite furnace and d.c. arc combined source with the use of halogenating atmosphere in the furnace is described. The construction makes possible the introduction and analysis of both liquid and solid samples at minimum risk of contamination. Spectrographic detection resulted in background equivalent mass values below 10 ng for 22 from 36 elements applied in solution (Ar + CCl₄ atmosphere and NaCl matrix). The intensity-time profiles indicated high rates of distillation of the impurities (including B, Cr, Hf, Mo, Ti, V, W and Zr) from silicon carbide and silicon nitride samples in the first 40 s of heating under chlorination (CCl₄ vapour). Two versions of the exit part of the furnace are described for coupling to an ICP source; one of them has been used for the determination of titanium in alumina (spectrometric detection). Standardization with solution standards for solid sample analysis was unsuccessful. Based on the analytical curve obtained with variable amounts of solid standards (5–20 mg), a detection limit of 0.32 g/g Ti was found for 20 mg alumina.     

Solid sampling by electrothermal vaporization in combination with electrostatic particle deposition for electrothermal atomization multi-element analysis

A novel combination of electrothermal sample vaporization from one furnace and electrostatic deposition of the aerosol on a L'vov platform in a second graphite furnace used for subsequent electrothermal atomization multi-element analysis is described. The aerosol generated by vaporization of liquid as well as solid primary samples is transported to the graphite furnace by an Ar gas flow and is piped into the furnace through the dosing hole via a glass capillary mounted on the autosampler arm of a continuum source coherent forward scattering spectrometer. The deposition on the graphite platform is obtained electrostatically by a corona-like discharge. The near quantitative deposition of the produced and transported aerosol allows optimal direct determination of the transport efficiencies by comparing the signals obtained by measuring liquid samples directly with the spectrometer with signals obtained with samples transferred with electrothermal vaporization and electrostatic deposition. Over all transfer efficiencies up to 30% are observed with liquid primary samples. Results obtained with solid sampling of BCR CRM 189 Wholemeal flour are in good agreement with the certified values.     

Determination of selected trace elements in marine biota samples with the application of fast temperature programs and solid sampling continuous source high resolution atomic absorption spectroscopy: method validation

Analytical procedure for the determination of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co and Cr in marine biota samples using solid sampling high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR CS AAS) and accelerated fast temperature programmes has been developed. Calibration technique based on the use of solid certified reference materials similar to the nature of the analysed sample and statistics of regression analysis were applied. A validation approach in line with the requirements of ISO 17025 standard and Eurachem guidelines was followed. Accordingly, blanks, selectivity, calibration, linearity, working range, trueness, repeatability and reproducibility, limits of detection and quantification and expanded uncertainty for all investigated elements were assessed. The major contributors to the combined uncertainty of the analyte mass fractions were found to be the homogeneity of the samples and the microbalance precision. Traceability to the SI system of units of the obtained with the proposed analytical procedure results was also demonstrated. The potential of the proposed analytical procedure based on solid sampling HR CS AAS technique was demonstrated by direct analysis of marine reference biota samples. Overall, the use of solid sampling HR CS AAS permits obtaining significant advantages for the determination of selected trace elements in marine biota samples, such as straightforward calibration, a high sample throughput, sufficient precision, a suitable limit of detection and reduced risk of analyte loss and contamination.     

Trace element analysis by laser plasma mass spectrometry

Summary A double focusing mass spectrometer was equipped with a laser plasma ion source. This instrument has been used for multi-element analysis of solid materials. Laser plasma mass spectrometry (LMS) permits direct analysis of both conducting and non-conducting samples. The abundances of about 30 trace elements can be determined simultaneously in rock samples. A great advantage of LMS is that most elements are ionized with about the same efficiency, this means that only small corrections are necessary for quantitative analysis. Solutions which have been dried on a quartz disk can also be analyzed. This technique yields mass spectra which are free of interferences of molecules or cluster-ions.

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Spurenelementanalyse durch Laser-Plasma-Massenspektrometrie