PP/EVA/OMMT纳米复合材料及其阻燃材料的动态燃烧行为

利用锥形量热仪(CONE)在35kW/m2热辐照条件下,并结合极限氧指数(LOI)和UL-94垂直燃烧测试方法对聚丙烯(PP)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料和加入无卤复配阻燃剂制备的PP/EVA/OMMT/氢氧化铝(ATH)/三氧化二锑(AO)纳米复合阻燃材料的热释放速率、烟释放及材料在燃烧时的质量损失行为进行了研究。结果表明,添加5%(质量分数)OMMT可以提高PP/EVA复合材料的阻燃性能,燃烧时的热释放速率、质量损失率以及烟释放量减少,且OMMT与无卤复配阻燃剂之间可产生阻燃协同作用,使纳米复合阻燃材料的阻燃性能、热稳定性和抑烟性进一步增强。     

碱式硫酸镁晶须阻燃乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的研究

利用极限氧指数、UL-94垂直燃烧试验、锥形量热器、拉伸测试等手段研究了碱式硫酸镁晶须(MOS)填充阻燃乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)的燃烧性能和力学性能,并与氢氧化镁(MH)填充阻燃EVA进行了比较。实验结果表明：MOS是一种性能优良的无卤阻燃剂。当填充量相等时,与EVA／MH相比,EVA／MOS具有更高的极限氧指数和UL-94垂直燃烧级别,更低的热释放速率、有效燃烧热和质量损失速率,以及更高的力学强度。     

精细化工实验课程教学改革与实践:可陶瓷化阻燃EVA复合材料的制备与性能研究*

结合科研课题及实验教学经验,设计了题为“可陶瓷化阻燃EVA复合材料的制备与性能研究”的精细化工实验课教学项目。该实验以乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)为基材,以叶腊石粉(PL)和磷酸盐玻璃粉(GD)为陶瓷化填料(CF),以有机蒙脱土(OMMT)为抗熔滴剂,以三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)为阻燃剂,制备可陶瓷化阻燃EVA复合材料。实验优化了影响阻燃效果、陶瓷强度和复合材料力学性能的因素,确定了合适的配方组成等内容。本精细化工实验课结合了科研内容,能激发学生主动参与实验设计并自主探索科学的兴趣,有利于培养学生的创新能力和解决实际问题的能力。     

硅橡胶复合材料阻燃研究进展

将功能填料引进到硅橡胶及其复合材料中可以获得特定功能的硅橡胶复合材料,已经成为近些年研究热点。目前阻燃剂种类繁多,但是性能比较单一,这已经不能满足人们的需要。人们在关注硅橡胶复合材料阻燃性能的同时,也考虑与其它性能兼备以及成本等问题。因此,本文综述了铂化合物、磷系阻燃剂、阻燃涂层、阻燃填料和微胶囊化阻燃剂等阻燃体系下硅橡胶复合材料的阻燃研究现状,总结了不同阻燃剂的阻燃机理,并且给出了其今后的改进方法,最后对硅橡胶复合材料阻燃研究的发展做了展望。     

阻燃改性尼龙研究进展

综述了近年来阻燃改性尼龙材料的研究成果,尤其是现今适用于尼龙阻燃的各类阻燃体系的研究现状,包括溴系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、磷-氮协效膨胀型阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂以及纳米阻燃协效剂等,并展望了未来阻燃尼龙的发展趋势.卤系阻燃剂将逐渐被替代,无卤环境友好型阻燃剂和膨胀型阻燃体系是未来重点的发展方向,综合改性、复配技术的应用也是未来研究和应用的热点.     

核壳型纳米粒子填充PP-EVA及阻燃材料的动态燃烧行为

利用锥形量热仪(CONE)和热重分析(TGA),并结合极限氧指数(LOI)和UL-94垂直燃烧测试方法对核(PSt/OMMT)-壳(PBA)结构纳米复合粒子(CSN)填充聚丙烯(PP)-乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)复合材料及加入无卤复配阻燃剂制备的PP-EVA/CSN/聚磷酸铵(APP)/层状氢氧化镁铝(LDH)复合阻燃材料的阻燃性能及热降解行为进行了研究。结果表明,添加10%(wt)CSN可以提高PP-EVA复合材料的阻燃性能,且PP-EVA复合体系燃烧时的热释放速率、有效燃烧热减少,热稳定性增强。CSN与APP/LDH产生阻燃协同作用,使复合阻燃材料的阻燃性能、热稳定性能进一步提高。     

核壳结构型阻燃剂研究进展

通过微胶囊化技术可赋予阻燃剂以特殊的核壳结构,从而有效减小阻燃剂吸湿性,增加与基体相容性,明显提高阻燃高分子复合材料力学、耐水、阻燃等性能.本文扼要论述了核壳结构型卤系、氢氧化镁、红磷、无机磷系、有机磷系以及膨胀阻燃体系的研究现状,并阐述了该特殊阻燃剂的研究重点与发展趋势.     

使用裂解气相色谱对几种阻燃聚丙烯材料热稳定性及阻燃机理的探讨

用裂解气相色谱（PyGC)考察了经三种类型阻燃剂（含磷、含溴、含溴和磷）改性的聚丙烯的热稳定性。利用PyGC-MS法分析不同样品的高温裂角产物,以此来推测阻燃材料受热分解时气相以及凝聚相所发生的反应,推断阻燃机理,分析影响阻燃效果的因素,为阻燃剂的开发提供有益参考。结果证实,它们都影响聚丙烯的热降解。溴系阻燃剂和磷系阻燃剂是分别从气相阻断、凝固相加速成炭实现阻止燃烧的,而磷-溴型阻燃剂同时具备单纯含磷或者含溴阻燃能力。     

聚乙烯醇无卤阻燃研究进展

鉴于环保的压力,无卤阻燃剂逐渐替代含卤阻燃剂,用在聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)阻燃处理中。本文综述了近年来无卤阻燃PVA的最新研究进展,总结分析了无机型阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、膨胀型阻燃剂及反应型阻燃剂对PVA的阻燃研究现状,介绍了不同类型阻燃剂的阻燃机理、优缺点以及典型阻燃剂对PVA阻燃性质和力学性质的影响;在此基础上讨论了PVA阻燃的独特性,充分利用PVA的结构特征,研制出适合PVA加工方式的阻燃剂复配配方是PVA阻燃研究的主要发展方向。     

无卤阻燃聚丙烯研究进展

综述了目前应用于聚丙烯的铝-镁系阻燃剂、膨胀型阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、硅系阻燃剂改善其燃烧性能的研究成果,分析了无卤阻燃剂的加入对聚丙烯阻燃性能、力学性能的影响,总结了无卤阻燃聚丙烯尚待研究的科学技术问题,提出了研究新型无卤阻燃剂和不同阻燃剂复合的协效作用,研制新型表面改性剂和新的表面改性技术,使阻燃剂与聚丙烯有适宜的相容性,构筑适度柔性、结合力强的界面结构,是制备具有优良阻燃性能、力学性能的无卤阻燃聚丙烯努力方向的研究思路.     

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Zeolite Filled Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Composites

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composites filled with zeolite (25 vol.%) were prepared using an internal mixer followed by compression molding machine. In order to enhance the thermal properties and fire retardancy of the composites, an intumescent flame retardant consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/pentaerythritol (PER) was incorporated into the composites. Two kinds of flame retardants were used which are untreated APP (APP1) and silane treated APP (APP2), where their effectiveness was evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and also thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that both types of flame retardants have the ability to enhance the thermal stability of EVA/zeolite composites by producing charred layer which protects the underlying composites from the action of flame. Moreover, the incorporation of APP1 and APP2 has a significant effect on the composites degree of crystallinity. Meanwhile the results of tensile testing showed that the composites with APP2/PER exhibit better tensile properties compared to that with APP1/PER. This is expected since the application of silane-treated APP (APP2) could improve the dispersion of APP particles within EVA matrix.     

Flammability characteristics and synergistic effect of hydrotalcite with microencapsulated red phosphorus in halogen-free flame retardant EVA composite

The flammability characteristics and synergistic effect of hydrotalcite with microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) in halogen-free flame retardant ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composite have been studied by cone calorimeter test (CCT), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 test. The results obtained by comparing the flame retardancy of hydrotalcite with magnesium hydroxide (MH) and aluminium hydroxide (AH) for their EVA composites showed that hydrotalcite has higher flame retardant effect than MH and AH at the same loading level. The CCT tests indicated that the heat release rate (HRR) and mass loss rate (MLR) of EVA composite blended with hydrotalcite greatly decreased compared with those blended with MH and AH. The LOI values of EVA/hydrotalcite composites are 3-4% higher than those of the corresponding MH composites at 40-60 wt% loading levels, and 6% higher than that of the corresponding AH composite at 40 wt% loading level. Moreover, the addition of a given amount of MRP apparently resulted in the increase of LOI value and decrease of the HRR and MLR as well the loading of hydrotalcite in EVA blend while keeping the V-0 rating in UL-94 test. However, the smoke release increased during the combustion of EVA/hydrotalcite blend containing MRP.     

Synthetic hydromagnesite as flame retardant. Evaluation of the flame behaviour in a polyethylene matrix

Synthetic hydromagnesite obtained from an industrial by-product was evaluated as a non-halogenated flame retardant. It was used in combination with aluminium hydroxide (ATH) and compared with commercial flame retardants like magnesium hydroxide (MH) and natural hydromagnesite-huntite (U) in a polyolefin system of low-density polyethylene/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (LDPE/EVA).The thermal stability and flame behaviour of the halogen free flame retarded composites were studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), epiradiateur and cone calorimeter. It has been shown that synthetic hydromagnesite could be an alternative solution to the use of MH in non-halogenated flame retardant systems in EVA.     

Preparation of microcapsulated ammonium polyphosphate,pentaerythritol with glycidyl methacrylate,butyl methacrylate and their synergistic flame‐ retardancy for ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer

A new series of microcapsules containing pentaerythritol (PER) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with glycidyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate as shell materials were synthesized by in situ polymerization. The structure and performance of the microencapsulated APP and microencapsulated PER were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and water contact angle. The flame retarded ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) composites were studied by limiting oxygen index, UL‐94 test, and cone calorimeter. It was found that the microencapsulation of flame retardants (FRs) with the glycidyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate lead to a decrease in the particle's water solubility and an improvement of the hydrophobicity. Results also demonstrated that the FR properties of EVA/microencapsulated APP/microencapsulated PER composites were better than those of the EVA/APP/PER composites at the same loading of FRs. The thermogravimetric analysis results reflected that the microencapsulated EVA composites had better thermal stability because of the forming of stable char during the combustion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

含环三磷腈衍生物的辐照交联聚乙烯基复合材料的制备及阻燃性能

将具有阻燃剂和辐照敏化剂双重功能的含烯丙基环三磷腈（CP-Allyl）,通过熔融共混的方式引入到由低密度聚乙烯和乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物组成的基体中,制备了一系列基于有机-无机阻燃复配剂的新型无卤阻燃聚乙烯基复合绝缘材料。进一步通过100～190 kGy剂量下的电子束辐照,实现了复合材料的辐照交联,并建立了辐照剂量与交联度以及材料性能的关系。研究结果表明,含有功能性环三磷腈衍生物的辐照交联复合材料具有优良的力学强度、阻燃性和电绝缘性能。力学强度在14.5 MPa以上,极限氧指数为28.2%～32.4%,电阻达到2.47×1012Ω以上,因而有希望在电线电缆领域获得应用。     

聚乙烯用阻燃剂及其复配体系的研究进展

综述了国内外聚乙烯用阻燃剂及其复配体系的研究进展,对无卤阻燃剂作了较为详细的介绍,最后对聚乙烯用阻燃剂今后的发展趋势作了简单的分析。     

An efficient halogen-free flame retardant for glass-fibre-reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate)

Compared with poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), glass-fibre-reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate) (GF-PBT) is difficult to flame retard with halogen-free flame retardants. In the present study, the aluminium salt of hypophosphorous acid (AP) was used as a flame retardant for GF-PBT. A series of flame-retardant GF-PBT composites was prepared via melt compounding. The flame retardance and combustion behaviour of the composites were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94) and cone calorimetric test. Thermal behaviours and thermal decomposition kinetics were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under N₂ atmosphere. The addition of AP to the composites could result in an increased LOI value, a UL-94 V-0 (1.6 mm) classification and a better fire performance in cone calorimetric tests. The char morphology observation after flame-retardant tests, calculation of decomposition kinetics, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infra-red spectral analysis of the char residue confirmed the condensed-phase flame-retardant mechanism. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the flame-retardant composites were not deteriorated, retaining an acceptable level.     

Flame retardancy properties of α-zirconium phosphate based composites

α-Zr phosphate (hereafter referred to as ZrP) based composites were prepared by melt blending in order to improve the flame retardancy properties of polyamide 6 (PA6), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP) and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Different morphologies are distinguishable by electron microscopy: PA6-ZrP seems to be a nanocomposite by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) whereas PET-, PP- and EVA-ZrP blends appear micro-composites by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. ZrP acts as flame retardant in PA6 reducing the total heat evolved and consequently the heat release rate during the combustion measured by cone calorimetry. Moreover, ZrP reduces the flammability of PET and EVA acting in synergistic effect with phosphorous based flame retardants. Indeed, it is showed that it is possible to reduce the amount of phosphorous flame retardant adding ZrP to reach UL94 classification V0 for both polymers.