The surface energy of an electron gas in model crystals

The surface energy of an electron gas in a crystal is considered. The results obtained for a quadratic spectrum are generalized to an arbitrary energy spectrum in certain crystal models. The surface energy of an electron gas with a quadratic spectrum is found for a sample with a rough boundary when the height of irregularities is small compared with the electron wavelength.     

SiO2/Ge:SiO2/SiO2夹层结构红外光发射的起源

我们借助傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT－IR）以及光致激发谱（PLE）,研究SiO2/Ge:SiO2/SiO2夹层结构红外光发射的起源。谱分析表明,该红外光发射并非起源于纳米锗、硅的量子限制效应以及锗、硅的中性氧空位,而与锗的氧化物紧密相关。PLE的结果证实它们来源于GeO色心TⅡ‘→S0的光学跃迁,给出的GeO电子态模型描述了载流子激发和复合的过程。     

Influence of the SiO thickness on the photoluminescence properties of Er-doped SiO/SiO2 multilayers

Er-doped SiO single layer and Er-doped SiO/SiO₂ multilayers with different SiO thicknesses were prepared by evaporation. In the as-deposited samples, the erbium ions exhibit a very weak photoluminescence emission at 1.54 μm. This luminescence is strongly enhanced after annealing treatments between 500 and 1050 °C, with an optimal annealing temperature which is dependent from the SiO thickness. For the SiO single layer, this optimal temperature is around 700 °C while it is shifted at highest temperature for the multilayers. The origin of the higher luminescence intensity in the SiO layer is also discussed.     

A comparative morphological study of electron beam co-deposited binary optical thin films of HfO2:SiO2 and ZrO2:SiO2

A comparative morphology, grain structure and optical properties studies of reactive electron beam co-evaporated mixed thin films of hafnia–silica (HfO₂:SiO₂) and zirconia–silica (ZrO₂:SiO₂) systems have been carried out using atomic force microscopy and phase modulated ellipsometry. The addition of silica, especially with small fractions, has demonstrated altogether different types of evolutions in the microstructure and morphology in these binary thin film systems possibly forming new solid solution phases. Such morphological evolutions are probed through RMS roughness, power spectral density, height–height correlation and autocorrelation analyses of the topographic data acquired through atomic force microscopy. The present investigations indicated that with composition-control morphological quality improvement is more favourable in composite hafnia–silica over the zirconia–silica films. So for ultraviolet optical coating applications which demand low light scattering thin film microstructure, hafnia–silica binary composite system has a definite edge over the zirconia–silica counterpart.     

Photophysical properties of fluorescent PMMA/SiO2 nanohybrids for solar energy applications

This work concerning the photophysical properties of fluorescent nanohybrid films based on poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) doped with coumarin dyestuff and entrapped with different concentrations of hydrophilic nanosilica. Spectroscopic tools were applied in order to determine the optimum concentration of nanosilica for the best optical properties for a matrix used as fluorescent solar concentrator. The optical constants and photoluminescence spectra of fluorescent nanohybrid films showed an enhancement of the photon trapping efficiency and matrix stability by increasing the concentration of SiO₂ nanoparticles.     

The creation of Au nanoscale surface patterns by the low energy Ar + beam irradiation of Au clusters evaporated onto a SiO2/Si surface

Ex-situ contact-mode atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) was used to study the evolution of the topography of nanoscale Au clusters, deposited onto SiO₂/Si surfaces, as a function of Ar⁺ beam irradiation. Various nanoscale Au surface patterns were created, at an ion beam energy of 2.5 keV, by controlling the ion beam conditions. These patterns include ordered or disordered spheres as well as a nanoporous metal layer. We found that the original ( 4 nm) clusters coalesced, under the ion beam, to form both larger clusters ( 9 nm) and a nanoporous interphase layer ( 6.5 nm). Under continued irradiation, both the original clusters and the nanoporous layer were absorbed into the larger clusters.PACS 39.29+k; 81.16.-c; 61.46.+w     

VO2薄膜表面氧缺陷的修复:F4TCNQ分子吸附反应

VO₂表面氧缺陷的存在对VO₂材料具有显著的电子掺杂效应, 极大地影响材料的本征电子结构和相变性质. 通过2, 3, 5, 6-四氟-7, 7', 8, 8'-四氰二甲基对苯醌(F₄TCNQ)分子表面吸附反应, 可以有效消除表面氧缺陷及其电子掺杂效应. 利用同步辐射光电子能谱和X射线吸收谱原位研究了修复过程中电子结构的变化以及界面的化学反应, 发现这种方式使得VO₂薄膜样品氩刻后得到的V³⁺失去电子成功地被氧化成原先的V⁴⁺, 同时F₄TCNQ分子吸附引起电子由衬底向分子层转移, 界面形成带负电荷的分子离子物种. 受电化学性质的制约, F₄TCNQ分子吸附反应修复氧缺陷较氧气氛退火更安全有效, 不会引起表面过度氧化形成V₂O₅.     

Calculation of the surface energy of fcc-metals with the empirical electron surface model

The empirical electron surface model (EESM) based on the empirical electron theory and the dangling bond analysis method has been used to establish a database of surface energy for low-index surfaces of fcc-metals such as Al, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au, and Pb. A brief introduction of EESM will be presented in this paper. The calculated results are in agreement with experimental and other theoretical values. Comparison of the experimental results and calculation values shows that the average relative error is less than 10% and these values show a strong anisotropy. As we predicted, the surface energy of the close-packed plane (1 1 1) is the lowest one of all index surfaces. For low-index planes, the order of the surface energies is γ_(1 1 1) < γ_(1 0 0) < γ_(1 1 0) < γ_(2 1 0). It is also found that the dangling bond electron density and the spatial distribution of covalent bonds have a great influence on surface energy of various index surfaces.     

解说低能量/光电子显微镜（LEEM/PEEM）

文章介绍近年来倍受关注的低能量/光电子显微镜(LEEM/PEEM)的基本原理和应用.LEEM/PEEM拥有成像、光电子能谱和衍射功能,可对样品进行综合全面的分析.通过一系列的应用实例,特别是和同步辐射软X射线结合的成果,展示该实验手段在表面科学和纳米技术方面的应用.     

电子能量对收集极中电子束能量沉积的影响

理论分析了收集极中运动电子的失能机制和电子能量对电子束能量沉积的影响, 用蒙特卡罗方法计算了不同能量下入射电子的能量沉积分布, 分析了电子能量对电子束在收集极中能量沉积的影响, 并据此提出了提高收集极耐电子束轰击能力的两种途径。结果表明：激发和电离是收集极中入射电子的主要失能机制;电子的能量越高, 在材料中的穿透能力越强, 收集极中被收集电子束的最大能量沉积密度越低。综合考虑束流密度分布对能量沉积的影响, 可通过两种途径来提高收集极耐电子束轰击的能力：一是通过结构设计增大电子束的收集面积, 减小收集极上被收集电子束的束流密度;二是设计高阻抗器件, 增大被收集电子束的电子能量, 减小收集极上被收集电子束的束流密度。     

Influence of Ti nanocrystallization on microstructure, interface bonding, surface energy and blood compatibility of surface TiO2 films

Recent progress in ultrafine-grained/nano-grained (UFG/NG) titanium permits a consideration for TiO₂ films deposited on nano-grained titanium for antithrombogenic application such as artificial valves and stents. For this paper, the microstructure, interface bonding, surface energy, and blood compatibility features of TiO₂ films deposited by direct current magnetron reactive sputtering technology on NG titanium and coarse-grained (CG) titanium were investigated. The results show that the nanocrystallization of titanium substrate has a significant influence on TiO₂ films. At the same deposition parameters, the content of rutile phase of TiO₂ film was increased from 47% (on the CG titanium substrate) to 72% (on the NG titanium substrate); the adhesion of TiO₂ film was improved from 5.8 N to 17 N; the surface energy was reduced from 6.37 dyn/cm to 3.01 dyn/cm; the clotting time was improved from 18 min to 28 min; the platelets accumulation and pseudopodium of adherent platelets on TiO₂ film on NG titanium were considerably reduced compared to that on CG titanium. The present results demonstrate the possibility of improving the blood compatibility of TiO₂ film through the approach of substrate nanocrystallization. Also it may provide an attractive idea to prepare stents with biological coatings of more outstanding blood compatibility and interface bonding.     

Hydrophobic modification of SiO2 surface by aminosilane derivatives

New aminosilanes with hydrolysable Si-N bond(s) were prepared by the amination of chlorosilanes and used as hydrophobic modifiers of SiO₂ surface. The aminosilanes are rather stable towards hydrolysis in air compared to their chlorosilane analogs. The modified SiO₂ was applied as a gate insulator of an organic thin-film transistor with a vapor-deposited film of pentacene as the active material. The transistor with the aminosilane-modified SiO₂ showed two- to threefold higher hole mobility than the device with bare SiO₂.     

Electronic energy structure of SiO2: An application of the recursion method

The electronic structures of α-quartz, β-cristobalite and stishovite have been calculated using semiempirical tight-binding Hamiltonian and the recursion method. The model describes fairly well the valence states and lower conduction bands as well as trends in band gaps and effective charges. For comparison, the electronic structure of α-quartz has been calculated in Harrison's universal first-neighbour parametrization.     

Dewetting process of Au films on SiO2 nanowires: Activation energy evaluation

SiO₂ nanowires gain scientific and technological interest in application fields ranging from nano-electronics, optics and photonics to bio-sensing. Furthermore, the SiO₂ nanowires chemical and physical properties, and so their performances in devices, can be enhanced if decorated by metal nanoparticles (such Au) due to local plasmonic effects.In the present paper, we propose a simple, low-cost and high-throughput three-steps methodology for the mass-production of Au nanoparticles coated SiO₂ nanowires. It is based on (1) production of the SiO₂ nanowires on Si surface by solid state reaction of an Au film with the Si substrate at high temperature; (2) sputtering deposition of Au on the SiO₂ nanowires to obtain the nanowires coated by an Au film; and (3) furnace annealing processes to induce the Au film dewetting on the SiO₂ nanowires surface. Using scanning electron microscopy analyses, we followed the change of the Au nanoparticles mean versus the annealing time extracting values for the characteristic activation energy of the dewetting process of the Au film on the SiO₂ nanowires surface. Such a study can allow the tuning of the nanowires/nanoparticles sizes for desired technological applications.     

Influence of Laser-Induced Destruction on Nonlinear-Optical Properties of Core/Shell Au/SiO2 Nanorods

Optics and Spectroscopy - Mechanisms of nonlinear-optical response of an ensemble of gold nanorods covered by a shell of silicon dioxide (Au/SiO2 NRs) are analyzed. Dependences characteristic of...     

Influence of the electron density profile on surface plasmons: Retardation effects

Hydrodynamics effects when used in conjunction with a diffuse surface are found to result in qualitatively new surface plasmon behavior in the optical region ($\text{q≈}\text{ω}\text{c}$).     

Preparation of MPS (mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane)-coated SiO2 nanoparticle and its effect on mechanical properties of surface treated SiO2/EVA nanocomposite

SiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized from different three precursors, namely, TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate), sodium metasilicate and sodium silicate. First, SiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared by a controlled hydrolysis of TEOS. In another method, SiO₂nanoparticles were prepared by precipitation in an emulsion medium from sodium metasilicate and hydrochloric acid solution. Finally, SiO₂ nanoparticles were also synthesized from sodium silicate by an emulsion method. In this study, we concentrated on dispersion and compatibility between nanosized SiO₂ particles and EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate). Therefore, surface modification of synthesized SiO₂ nanoparticles was accomplished with MPS (3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane) to enhance homogeneous dispersion and compatibility between the obtained SiO₂ nanoparticles and EVA. Finally, nanocomposites of surface treated SiO₂ nanoparticles and EVA were prepared. By inserting the MPS-coated SiO₂ nanoparticles into EVA, abrasion resistance and hardness were increased remarkably. On the other hand, insertion of SiO₂ nanoparticles barely decreased original tensile strength and elongation of EVA. Consequently, MPS-coated SiO₂/EVA nanocomposite can have an improved abrasion resistance and hardness compared with raw EVA, without decrease tensile strength and elongation. The characterization of synthesized SiO₂ nanoparticles and their nanocomposite with EVA was conducted by TEM, SEM, FTIR photography and mechanical property tests such as abrasion, hardness, tensile strength and elongation.     

电子辐照对ZnO/K2SiO3型热控涂层光学性能的影响

研究了电子辐照对ZnO/K2SiO3型热控涂层光学性能的影响。采用10,30,50和70keV的电子对试样进行辐照。在辐照前后对每一个试样的光谱反射系数进行了原位测量。根据Johnson太阳光谱分布计算了涂层的太阳光谱吸收系数。分析了电子能量对光谱反射系数和太阳光谱吸收系数的影响,并对红外区光谱反射系数的变化结果进行了讨论。实验结果发现电子辐照后ZnO/K2SiO3涂层的光学性能发生严重退化,退化程度取决于电子能量,随电子能量的增大而增大。