镍卟啉临氮和临氢反应行为的研究

通过高压连续微型反应装置,对镍-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-八乙基卟啉(Ni-OEP)在氮气和氢气中的反应行为进行了研究,实验结果表明,镍卟啉在氮气中的稳定性非常高,只有在高温(500℃左右)下才发生分解;而在氢气中,镍卟啉的生经低,即使不存在催化剂,反应条件较为温和(温度不超过400℃,压力小于10MPa),也有相当一部分镍卟啉发生分发,脱除所配合物的金属;镍卟啉的临氢脱金属反应过程中分两步,第一步是卟啉分中一个吡咯环上的外环双键加氢生成镍卟酚,第二步镍卟酚分解,金属脱除.     

镍电极在KOH水溶液中析氧行为的研究

用恒电流法测试在２２－７０℃之间电解３０ｗｔ％ＫＯＨ水溶液对Ｎｉ阳极的稳态极化曲线以及该过程的交换电流密度ｉ０，Ｔａｆｅｌ斜率ｂ传递系数β和不同电流密度下的析氧电位随电解温度的变化关系，结果发现：４０℃是各参量随温度变化的一个突出突点，４０℃以下，高过电位区的Ｔａｆｅｌ斜率达１２０ｍＶ以上，低过电位区的反应活化能Ｅａ为７９．８８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，而４０℃以上时，位区的Ｔａｆｅｌ斜率达１２０ｍＶ以上，低     

氢钼青铜对铂催化氧还原反应的促进作用

采用循环伏安法在玻碳电极上和硫酸溶液中电沉积制备出铂催化剂(Pt)及铂-氢钼青铜复合催化剂(Pt-HxMoO3), 用旋转圆盘电极研究并比较了它们对硫酸溶液中氧还原反应的催化活性. 研究结果表明, HxMoO3能明显地提高Pt对氧还原反应的电催化活性. 通过对静态电极上氧还原的峰电流与扫描速度的关系以及旋转圆盘电极上氧还原电流与旋转速度的关系的分析发现, HxMoO3提高了铂电极氧还原反应电荷传递步骤的传递系数, 因此加快了氧还原的动力学过程.     

Triton X—100存在下3,5—二溴—PAC与镍显色反应的研究

2-[(3,5-二溴-2-吡啶)偶氮]-4-甲酚(简称3,5-二溴-PAC)与镍的显色反应已有报道.但在Triton X-100存在下的反应条件未见报道.本文系统研究了在Triton X-100存在下,3,5-二溴-PAC与镍显色反应的条件及应用.发现在Triton X-100增溶作用下,试剂与Ni~(2 )的络合物的最大吸收峰红移较明显.其表观摩尔吸光系数达10~5数量级.在试验条件下,大多数金属离子不干扰测定.应用于银钨材料中微量镍的测定,结果满意.     

O,O—二烷基氢膦酸酯的某些反应研究进展

本文介绍Ｏ，Ｏ－二烷基氢膦酸酯中发生在σ＾４λ＾５Ｐ－Ｈ或σ＾３λ＾３Ｐ－ＯＨ键上的几类重要反应如烷基化反应、加成反应、Ａｔｈｅｒｔｏｎ－Ｔｏｄｄ反应等，以及这些反应在有机合成中的应用，并对某些新颖反应机理作初步探讨。     

在纳米晶Co—Mo／Ni复合电极上的析氢反应

采用复合电镀的方法将不同球磨时间制备的高催化活性的纳米晶Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ合金粉直接镀在电极表面，用稳态极化曲线及交流阻抗技术测试了这些电极析氢的电化学活性，并用Ｘ射线衍射，透射电镜及Ｘ射线光电子能谱，扫描电镜监测了Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ合金粉的物相结构，晶粒尺寸和复合镀的成份，形貌，实验结果表明，Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ纳米晶合金粉有较高的析氢催化活性，球磨使钴钼粉合金化成为纳米晶，一方面增加了复合镀层的真实表面积，另一方面由于     

表面硫化和磷化提升钼酸镍的析氢性能

首先通过水热过程在泡沫镍（NF）上生长出钼酸镍纳米棒阵列（NMO/NF）,再依次利用水热硫化和气相磷化法改性钼酸镍纳米棒阵列获得三维自支撑析氢电催化剂（PS-NMO/NF）。研究表明,硫化作用诱导钼酸镍纳米棒阵列向类珊瑚球结构转变并形成具有高电化学活性表面积的无定形硫化物壳层,显著提高钼酸镍析氢反应（HER）活性。进一步磷化处理,表面形成的无定形磷酸盐与硫化物形成丰富的异质界面,促进了电子转移,进一步提升了电极的HER性能。在1 mol·L^-1 KOH电解液中,电流密度为10 mA·cm^-2时,PS-NMO/NF所对应的析氢过电势为93 mV; 100 mA·cm^-2的电流密度所对应的析氢过电势仅为180mV,Tafel斜率为67 mV·dec^-1,而且在20 h内可稳定运行,无明显衰减。     

氧化锆布膜中硅含量的火焰原子吸收光谱分析

提出用N2O-C2H2火焰原子吸收光谱法进行镍氢蓄电池材料用氧化锆布膜中硅含量的测定.通过进行分析线、光谱通带宽度、燃烧器高度、灯电流、共存离子的影响等试验表明：该方法具有灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简便、容易掌握、分析周期短等优点.其相对标准偏差均小于1.0%（n=6）.标准加入回收率均为98.3%-100.9%（n=6）范围内.可以作为检测镍氢蓄电池材料用氧化锆布膜中硅含量的一种手段.     

CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3稀土储氧材料制备工艺的研究

采用化学沉淀法制备了系列CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3稀土储氧材料,并用BET,XRD和储氧性能测定等表征手段考察了陈化时间、La2O3含量、反应pH和沉淀方式等工艺因素对CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3比表面积、储氧性能和结构的影响。结果表明:当陈化时间为12 h,反应pH=10时,掺杂2%(质量分数)La2O3的CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3样品在老化前后均具有很高比表面积和良好的储氧性能,并且pH为影响样品比表面积及热稳定性能的主要因素。与一步法沉淀相比,二步法制得的CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3样品具有很高的热稳定性能,1050℃老化5 h后的样品比表面积高达46.4 m2.g-1,但储氧性能略差,这与Al2O3对CeO2-ZrO2的结构影响程度有关。     

CeO2基氧化物储氧材料研究 (Ⅰ) 制备、储氧性能研究

用共沉淀法制备了CZO和CZYO复合气化物,对在750,900,1050℃老化的样品进行XRD,BET和OSC的测试和分析。在高温条件下纯CeO2样品的比表面积和OSC迅速下降,晶粒尺寸快速增大;所制备的CZO复合氧化物由立方相和四方相两种结构的固溶体组成,在高温老化后氧化物晶粒的尺寸增大较快;CZYO复合氧化物中的Y含量增至0.15mol时形成均相的固溶体,且氧化物的晶粒尺寸增长较慢,Y起到了高温条件下稳定氧化物性能的作用;CZYO复合氧化物具有BET表面积大、OSC高等优良的耐高温性能,是适用于开发新一代TWO、的储氧材料。     

Screening of Hydrogen Storage Media Applying High Pressure Thermogravimetry

A number of commercially available hydride-forming alloys of the MmNi_5–xSn_x (Mm=mischmetal, a mixture of lanthanides) type were examined using a high pressure, high temperature microbalance,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Activation conditions, reversible storage capacity, working pressures and temperatures, sensitivity to impurities, and morphological changes were explored. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

H2与C,BN和GaN纳米管的相互作用势能

基于C,B,N和Ga与H原子间的L-J势函数,系统计算了H2处于(n,n)(n=8,10,12)单壁C,BN和GaN纳米管内部及外部不同处的势能.根据势能变化曲线,分析了3种纳米管氢物理吸附能力的差异,给出了H2在3种纳米管外部的势能表达式.研究结果表明:3种纳米管内部的氢吸附力均分别高于管外;随着纳米管直径的增加,各纳米管管内的氢吸附力均略有下降,而管外变化不明显;GaN,BN和C纳米管依次具有更好的储氢能力.     

Theory and Practice: Bulk Synthesis of C3B and its H2‐ and Li‐Storage Capacity

Previous theoretical studies of C₃B have suggested that boron‐doped graphite is a promising H₂‐ and Li‐storage material, with large maximum capacities. These characteristics could lead to exciting applications as a lightweight H₂‐storage material for automotive engines and as an anode in a new generation of batteries. However, for these applications to be realized a synthetic route to bulk C₃B must be developed. Here we show the thermolysis of a single‐source precursor (1,3‐(BBr₂)₂C₆H₄) to produce graphitic C₃B, thus allowing the characteristics of this elusive material to be tested for the first time. C₃B was found to be compositionally uniform but turbostratically disordered. Contrary to theoretical expectations, the H₂‐ and Li‐storage capacities are lower than anticipated, results that can partially be explained by the disordered nature of the material. This work suggests that to model the properties of graphitic materials more realistically, the possibility of disorder must be considered.     

La2Mo2O9在低氧分压条件下的电导率及热膨胀测试

The electrical conductivity and thermal expansion of La2Mo2O9 under low oxygen partial pressure were studied with the help of thermoelectric power and dilatometric measurements, respectively. The ionic conduction of La2Mo2O9 was predominant with the electronic transference number less than 0.05 above an oxygen partial pressure of about Po2=10^-7 Pa at 700℃, and below this pressure the electronic conduction became obvious. The defect reaction and small polaron hopping among molybdenum sites were proposed to explain the electronic conduction. Accompanying the phase transition, there was a sharp increase of thermal expansion, which became more serious under low oxygen partial pressure. The substitution of lanthanum by neodymium led to the increase of electrical conductivity but the decrease of phase stability.     

Integrating a Photocatalyst into a Hybrid Lithium–Sulfur Battery for Direct Storage of Solar Energy

Direct capture and storage of abundant but intermittent solar energy in electrical energy‐storage devices such as rechargeable lithium batteries is of great importance, and could provide a promising solution to the challenges of energy shortage and environment pollution. Here we report a new prototype of a solar‐driven chargeable lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) battery, in which the capture and storage of solar energy was realized by oxidizing S^2? ions to polysulfide ions in aqueous solution with a Pt‐modified CdS photocatalyst. The battery can deliver a specific capacity of 792 mAh g^?1 during 2 h photocharging process with a discharge potential of around 2.53 V versus Li⁺/Li. A specific capacity of 199 mAh g^?1, reaching the level of conventional lithium‐ion batteries, can be achieved within 10 min photocharging. Moreover, the charging process of the battery can proceed under natural sunlight irradiation.     

Pt/Si-MCM-41介孔结构对低温NO+H2+O2反应的影响

将Pt/Si-MCM-41用于H2选择催化还原(H2-SCR)消除NO的反应. X射线衍射分析、N2吸附/脱附、氢吸附和透射电镜等分析结果表明,介孔Si-MCM-41具有大的比表面积和孔体积有利于活性组分Pt的分散, Pt/Si-MCM-41催化剂在富氧和80000 h-1空速的条件下,其H2-SCR低温活性在100 ℃达到60.1%,优于Pt/Si-ZSM-5和Pt/SiO2催化剂,其选择性在120 可达70%. 当Si-MCM-41的介孔结构被破坏时,H2-SCR反应活性明显下降,最大活性在120 ℃仅为15%. 漫反射红外光谱(DRIFTS)测试表明, —NO3物种是Pt/Si-MCM-41催化剂在H2-SCR反应中的主要中间物种.     

The Influence of N‐doped Carbon Materials on Supported Pd: Enhanced Hydrogen Storage and Oxygen Reduction Performance

N‐doped graphene has become an important support for Pd in both hydrogen storage and catalytic reactions. The molecular orbitals of carbon materials (including graphene, fullerene, and small carbon clusters) and those of the supported Pd species will hybrid much stronger as N dopants are introduced, owing to the increased electrostatic attraction at the interface. This enhances the carbon substrates′ catching force for the supported Pd, preventing its leaching and aggregation in many practical applications. The better dispersion and stabilization of Pd nanoparticles, which are induced by various carbon supports with N‐doping, are pleasing to us and could increase their efficiency and facilitate their recycling during various reaction processes in several fields.