含内环化的A_a-B_b型缩聚反应

本文应用唐敖庆等曾建议的含内环化A_a-B_b型缩聚反应理论,分析了已二酸-三羟甲基丙烷缩聚反应.总结了溶胶分数、环化反应程度等的变化规律,讨论了内环化对凝胶点的影响,并进一步计算了凝胶点后的数均、重均和Z-均分子量.通过对实验数据的分析,验证了唐敖庆等建议的含内环化固化理论是合理的.     

含内环化A_a－B_b，C_c缩聚反应的溶胶－凝胶分配

结合Ａａ－Ｂｂ，Ｃｃ型缩聚反应，给出了溶胶中含内环化的溶胶－凝胶分配公式及凝胶化条件。     

含内环化A—Bb,Cc缩聚反应的溶胶—凝胶分配

结合Ａａ－Ｂｂ，Ｃｃ型缩聚反应，给出了溶胶中含内环化的溶胶－凝胶分配公式及凝胶化条件。     

研究硅酸聚合反应的新途经

用高分子反应统计理论研究了硅酸聚合反应.利用三甲基硅烷化-气相色谱法跟踪测定了聚合反应过程中各低聚态硅酸的含量变化,得到了分子数量分数分布.该分布符合含有内环化因子校正的A₁型缩聚反应统计理论,内环化反应是硅酸聚合反应的重要特征.     

缩聚理论对铝酸盐和硼酸盐系的应用

应用Folry的缩聚理论处理铝酸盐型熔体(MO-Al₂O₃),得到了聚合阴离子的分布函数。通过缩聚反应平衡常数可将混合自由能和组元活度表达为熔体组成的函数。预期了产生凝胶化的条件。由模型所得理论曲线与实验结果进行了比较。     

含内环化与不含内环化固化理论间的对应关系

含内环化与不含内环化固化理论间的对应关系黄旭日，肖兴才，李泽生，孙家，唐敖庆（吉林大学理论化学研究所，长春，１３００２３）关键词内环化，非线性缩聚反应，数量分布函数，高分子矩在研究非线性缩聚反应体系的固化问题时，Ｆｌｏｒｙ和Ｓｔｏｃｋｍａｙｅｒ等［１...     

研究硅酸聚合反应的新途径

用高分子反应统计理论研究了硅酸聚合反应。利用三甲基硅烷化－气相色谱法跟踪测定了聚合反应过程中各低聚态硅酸的含量变化，得到了分子数量分数分布。该分布符合含有内环化因子校正的Ａ４型缩聚反应统计理论，内环化反应是硅酸聚合反应的重要特征。     

关于A_(ai)-B_(bj)型缩聚物网络结构的研究(Ⅰ)——溶胶凝胶分配理论

本文考虑了分子内环化反应对溶胶凝胶分配的影响,用新的方法推导了包含各种反应参数的理论方程。以聚酯为模型化合物的实验结果支持本文所得到的理论结果。     

非线型缩聚反应中的环链竞争问题(Ⅲ)——双动力学参数体系的内环化方程

Flory认为经典凝胶化理论和实际反应体系的偏差主要应归因于分子内环化。本文用概率论的基本原理,统计分析了三类含有双动力学参数的缩聚体系反应到一定程度时,对应于某一基团的各偶数代官能团的消长情况。在此基础上通过引入成环键几率因子,获得了这些体系的解析形式的内环化方程。用本文得到的理论方程处理临界凝胶化条件,理论值和实验值符合得很好。     

高分子凝胶化理论

在这篇文章中,我们得到以下几个结论: 1.建议了一种简便的计算方法,不必知道分子量分布函数,单纯从几率考虑,就能推导出重均分子量的表示式。根据疑胶化条件由重均分子量趋于无穷大来确定的原则,我们也就相应地建议了从几率考虑出发,推导凝胶化条件的方法;这种推导方法,十分简便,应用面也很广。 2.应用我们所建议的方法,推导了多种反应类型的凝胶化条件,前人以及作者以往所得到的凝胶化方面的理论结果,都只是其中的一小部分。此外,我们得到很多重要反应类型,例如酸酐及混合多元酸的酯化、胺化反应、环氧的开环反应、酚醛反应以及双磷类加聚反应等的凝胶化条件,它们对解释实验结果及控制反应的碍胶化现象会有很大用处;当然,理论本身还有待于大量实验来验证与发展。 3.指出不管反应过程中有无内环化现象,凝胶化条件的表示式相同;但当有内环化 时,公式中的反应程度应该指分子间作用的反应程度,而不是指总的反应程度。     

有机催化不对称Michael/环化串联反应的研究进展北大核心CSCD

串联反应能够减少反应步骤、简化操作、降低成本、实现高效率转化,符合原子经济性和绿色化学理念.特别是有机催化的不对称串联环化反应以一锅法连续催化多个化学反应,为高效合成多手性中心环状结构提供了新方法.不对称Michael/环化串联反应是构建光学活性状化合物的常用方法之一,近些年,各种有机小分子催化剂应用于不对称Michael/环化串联反应的报道不断增加,并且取得了重大进展.我们根据不同的催化剂类型综述了近5年来关于不对称Michael/环化串联反应的研究进展,并对有机催化不对称Michael/环化串联反应的发展趋势进行了展望.     

A Nazarov-Ene Tandem Reaction for the Stereoselective Construction of Spiro Compounds

The different reactivity of trienones under Lewis and Brønsted acids catalysis was investigated, resulting in distinct cyclization products and carbon backbones that originated either from a conjugate Prins cyclization or an interrupted Nazarov cyclization. In particular, an unprecedented Nazarov cyclization tandem reaction is presented, terminating the oxyallyl cation by an ene-type reaction, and leading stereoselectively to bicyclic spiro compounds. The terminal olefin of this motif represents a useful handle for further functionalization, making it a strategic intermediate in total syntheses. The tandem Nazarov/ene cyclization was shown to be preferred over a Nazarov/[3+2] tandem reaction for all our substrates, independent of chain length. Deuteration studies further support the mechanistic hypothesis of the terminating ene reaction.     

Recent Progress on Nazarov Cyclizations: The Use of Iron Salts as Catalysts in Ionic Liquid Solvent Systems

Nazarov cyclization is an important and versatile method for the synthesis of five‐membered carbocycles, and extensive studies have been conducted to optimize the reaction. Among recent studies, several trends are recognized. One is the combination of different reactions with Nazarov cyclization in a one‐pot reaction system which enables the preparation of unique cyclization products. The second is the use of a transition‐metal catalyst, though Lewis or Brønsted acids have generally been used for the reaction. The third is the realization of the asymmetric Nazarov cyclization. The fourth is the base‐catalyzed Nazarov cyclization. Furthermore, several useful protocols for realizing Nazarov cyclization have also been developed. The recent progress on Nazarov cyclizations is summarized in Section 2. Section 3 is our chronicle in this field. We focused on the use of iron as the catalyst in Nazarov cyclizations and ionic liquids as solvents: Nazarov cyclization of thiophene derivatives using FeCl₃ as the catalyst was accomplished and we succeeded in demonstrating the first example of an iron‐catalyzed asymmetric Nazarov reaction. We next established Nazarov cyclization of pyrrole or indole derivatives using Fe(ClO₄)₃·Al₂O₃ as the catalyst with high trans selectivities in excellent yields. Since the cyclized product was reacted with a vinyl ketone in the presence of the same iron salt, the system allowed realization of the sequential type of Nazarov/Michael reaction of pyrrole derivatives. Furthermore, we demonstrated the recyclable use of the iron catalyst and obtained the desired Nazarov/Michael reaction products in good yields for five repetitions of the reactions without any addition of the catalyst using an ionic liquid, [bmim][NTf₂], as the solvent. We expect that the iron‐catalyzed Nazarov cyclization, in particular, in an ionic liquid solvent might become a useful method to synthesize functional molecules that include cycloalkene moieties.     

Synthesis of the spirofungin B core by a reductive cyclization strategy

[reaction: see text] A reductive decyanation approach to the synthesis of the core of spirofungin B has been developed. Spirofungin B has only one anomeric stabilization in the spiroacetal and was isolated along with its spiroacetal epimer, spirofungin A. The cyclization precursor was constructed from readily available starting materials. The reductive cyclization reaction was both efficient and stereoselective. The reductive cyclization strategy to spiroacetals is convergent and effective.     

分子内Friedel-Crafts环化反应在苯并环状物合成中的应用

Friedel-Crafts反应是有机合成中最有用的反应之一,它的应用范围十分广泛.Friedel-Crafts反应也是合成环状化合物的重要途径,尤其分子内的环化反应一直以来受到广泛的关注.对近年来应用分子内Friedel-Crafts环化反应合成苯并环状化合物进行了详细的综述,并对分子内Friedel-Crafts环化反应在有机合成上发展前景作了展望.     

Zirconocene-promoted synthesis of substituted tetrahydropyrans

Zirconocene reagents derived from zirconocene dichloride and two equivalents of butyllithium react with allylic, homoallylic diene ethers. Hydrolysis of the reaction products yields substituted tetrahydropyrans. The reaction is postulated to occur via cyclization of the diene to form a zirconacyclopentane. This cyclization occurs without allylic rearrangement.     

Total synthesis of bassiatin and its stereoisomers: novel divergent behavior of substrates in Mitsunobu cyclizations

Total syntheses of the morpholine-2,5-dione, Bassiatin, and its stereoisomers have been completed. A key step in the syntheses was the Mitsunobu cyclization of hydroxyacid acyclic precursors. The hydroxyacid precursors are hindered alcohols and two substrates underwent Mitsunobu cyclization with retention of configuration. The other two substrates underwent Mitsunobu cyclization with either retention or inversion of configuration depending on reaction conditions. This divergence in outcome of the Mitsunobu reaction for the same substrate depending on effective concentration is novel.     

Acrylonitrile Copolymerizations. VI. Influence of the Comonomer on the Intramolecular Cyclization Reaction

The intramolecular cyclization reaction involving the polymerization of cyano groups reported in a previous paper for the system acrylonitrile-vinyl chloride is studied for other comonomers with acrylonitrile including vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride, butadiene, styrene, methyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate. It is shown that the extent of the reaction is governed by the reactivity of the comonomer-unit ended radical, but the cyclization reaction cannot explain all the kinetic deviations observed.     

Synthesis of indolequinones via a Sonogashira coupling/cyclization cascade reaction

A mild strategy for constructing indolequinone motifs is described on the basis of the Sonogashira reaction and a copper-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization cascade reaction. The first step involves the palladium- and copper-catalyzed reaction between halogenated naphthoquinone and terminal acetylene to generate a coupling product, which then reacts in a copper-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization with the nitrogen functional group adjacent to the carbon-carbon triple bond.