酸-碱交替沉淀法制备铜基甲醇合成催化剂

 采用酸-碱交替沉淀法(AP法)制备了一种新型的低压甲醇合成催化剂. 研究了母液pH值和交替次数对催化剂性能的影响. 结果表明, pH值交替范围为5.0～9.5, 交替次数为3时制备的催化剂活性最好. 与其它制备方法相比, AP法制备的催化剂具有最高的活性和耐热性,耐热后活性保留率达88%, 比其它催化剂高8%～20%, 而且耐热后活性甚至高于其它催化剂的初活性. X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析、低温N2吸附和扫描电子显微镜等结果表明, AP法制备的催化剂的XRD谱中铜和锌的特征峰最为宽化、弥散, CuO与ZnO 峰交织在一起,峰强度最弱; 同时催化剂的粒度较小,粒径尺寸分布较均匀,结晶度相对较低; 而且催化剂的还原温度最低,铜锌组分间的协同作用最强. 这表明AP法制备的催化剂具有高活性、高耐热性和易还原的主要原因是该制备方法使催化剂中的铜锌组分形成了无定形状态的铜锌固溶体,提高了活性组分的分散度和比表面积.     

不同类型表面活性剂对苯甲醇的增溶作用

本文采用高分辨核磁共振方法，考察了苯甲醇在三种类型表面活性剂胶束中的增溶作用。 现，无论是在两性表面活性剂Ｃ１２ＢＥ，还是在阴离子表面活性剂ＳＤＳ和阳离子表面活性剂ＤＴＡＢ胶束中，苯甲醇均增溶在胶束与水的界面层和胶束栅栏层。     

两步沉淀法制备耐高温和优异还原性能CeO2材料

分别采用两种沉淀方法制备了CeO2:以传统的氨水为沉淀剂,在氨水沉淀法前引入碳铵沉淀步骤(两步沉淀法)。采用热重-差热(TG-DTA)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)、X光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对沉淀及其分解过程进行了研究。结果表明,在两步沉淀法中的第一步,碳酸物种为主要沉淀物种,而在第二步中被氢氧根取代。X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果表明,两步沉淀法生成的沉淀颗粒粒径更大。通过两步沉淀法制备的CeO2与氨水沉淀相比具有更好的抗高温老化性能和还原性能。经过900℃焙烧3 h后,仍然具有25 m2.g-1和0.11 cm3.g-1的比表面和孔容。     

表面活性剂修饰的CuCoMn催化剂催化合成低碳醇

分别采用阳离子（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,CTAB）、阴离子（十二烷基硫酸钠,SDS）、非离子（三嵌段共聚物,P123）三种不同类型的表面活性剂对CuCoMn基催化剂进行改性,利用N2吸脱附、XRD、XPS、IR手段表征了催化剂的微观结构．在生物质基合成气合成高醇中的应用研究结果表明,SDS修饰的CuCoMn催化剂表现出较高的CO转化率（29．7％）,而CTAB修饰的CuCoMn催化剂具有优良的高醇选择性（41．2％）．同时,三种表面活性剂修饰的催化剂均不同程度地提高了高醇产率及其在醇产物中的比例．由于CTAB修饰的催化剂具有孔径最大、形成的CuCoMnO4尖晶石结构结晶度最高、表面金属原子趋于低价态等特点,这些性质与其良好的高醇合成反应性能有关．在金属沉淀阶段加入CTAB得到的催化剂有利于形成高醇产物．     

甲醇合成Cu—Mu／SiO2催化剂的研究

对浸渍法制备的Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂进行了甲醇合成活性评价。同时用ＸＰＳ、Ａｕｇｅｒ、Ｎ２Ｏ分解，ＴＰＲ等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，在双组份催化剂中、工作态催化剂表面主要存在Ｃｕ（Ｏ）。     

表面活性剂对均相沉淀法制备单晶Ce2O(CO3)2·H2O微粉形貌及形成机理的影响

Three kinds of ultra-fine Ce2O(CO3)2.H2O powders with different morphologies were prepared by adding CTAB, PEG19000 and OP-10 to a solution of Ce2O (NO3)3.6H2O and urea according to the principle and the characteristics of the homogeneous precipitation method. The products were characterized by TEM and XRD. The results showed that the precursor was a single crystal, and that different surfactants had different influences on the morphology of the products. The cationic surfactant CTAB had little effect on crystal morphology merely reducing its size. Nonionic surfactants PEG19000 and OP-10 are both able to change the crystal morphology to a much greater extent. Adding PEG19000 produces an array of rod-like particles with ordered formation and uniform dimension. Meanwhile, in the system of OP-10, a sort of flower-like with different morphologies occured because of the mechanism of formation and grain growth.     

超声振荡直接沉淀法制备纳米ZnO的工艺研究

在超声振荡下直接沉淀法制备纳米ZnO的关键是控制硝酸锌的浓度、氨水和硝酸锌的配比,以及前驱化合物的焙烧温度、表面活性剂的种类以及加入时间。实验结果表明,用该法制备纳米ZnO,硝酸锌的初始浓度在0.7～1.0 mol/L,氨水和硝酸锌配比为1.0～1.2,在反应10 min后加入表面活性剂油酸钠,15 min后加入聚乙二醇1000,可制备得到30～60 nm的纳米ZnO。     

孔结构对铜基甲醇合成催化剂宏观反应速率的影响：II.表面中毒…

建立了表面中毒铜基催化剂上进行ＣＯ和ＣＯ２加氢合成甲醇复合反应宏观反应速率的关键组分扩散模型，研究了不同中毒分率下孔结构参数对铜基催化剂的宏观反应速率的影响。结果表明，随着中毒分率增加，失活层的扩散阻力更趋严重，而孔结构参数的影响趋于减小。     

沉淀法CuCr催化剂／CH3ONa体系的浆态相低温甲醇合成性能

以Cu(NO3)2、CrO3和浓氨水为原料,采用并流滴加共沉淀法制备的,CuCr氧化物催化剂与工业甲醇钠溶液组成的催化体系的低温甲醇合成反应性能较好.催化剂制备方法的重复性良好,平均误差在±3%以内.催化剂的空时收率平均误差在±5%内.对使用络合溶液法和共沉淀法制备的CuCr催化剂(包括两种商品催化剂G-89和N203SD)与工业甲醇钠溶液组成的四种催化体系,采用气相连续流动、液相间歇的方法,在1L浆态搅拌釜中评价了它们的反应性能.与其它三种催化体系比较,本文开发的CuCr/CH3ONa催化体系,运转48h后的空时收率最高(0.609g(gcat)-1*h-1).     

Cu/Zn/Al/Mn催化剂上CO/CO2加氢合成甲醇特性研究

利用共沉淀法制备了四组分的Cu-Zn-Al-Mn和Cu-Zn-Al-Ce催化剂以及三组分的Cu-Zn-Al催化剂。利用组成H2/CO/CO2/N2=66/27/3/4(体积比)的富CO原料气对催化剂进行了活性评价，并研究了温度、压力和空速等反应条件对催化剂活性的影响。结果发现添加适量的锰助剂能显著提高催化剂的活性和热稳定性。利用SEM和XRD方法进行了催化剂的结构和形貌表征，同样表明锰助剂可以起到阻止CuO晶粒长大和促进CuO分散作用。利用富CO2的生物质原料气体积比为H2/CO/CO2/N2=50/25/20/5对Cu-Zn-Al-Mn催化剂进行的评价表明：Cu-Zn-Al-Mn催化剂上CO/CO2加氢合成甲醇的甲醇产率和选择性均有下降，在试验范围内，甲醇产率下降11％～25％，选择性为93％～95％。     

Controlled re-oxidation of low-pressure methanol synthesis catalyst,followed by means of DSC

The re-oxidation of low-pressure methanol synthesis catalyst was followed by means of DSC, with the aim of contributing to a better understanding of the processes taking place during catalyst blanketing, stabilization and re-oxidation. The investigations were carried out with previously hydrogen-reduced samples, and their successive re-oxidation was performed with different oxygen contents in the oxygen/nitrogen gas mixtures. A procedure for catalyst stabilization and/or catalyst discharge is proposed.     

酸-碱交替沉淀法铜基甲醇合成催化剂的优化制备与表征

采用酸-碱交替沉淀法制备了Cu基甲醇合成催化剂放大样(500 g), 并用X射线衍射、低温N2吸附和扫描电子显微镜等对催化剂进行了表征,系统考察了制备条件(搅拌速度、溶液滴加速度、盐和碱溶液浓度等)对催化剂性能的影响. 结果表明,采用酸-碱交替沉淀法制备的Cu基甲醇合成催化剂中, Cu和Zn组分以无定形的CuO-ZnO固溶体存在,使得CuO和ZnO的晶粒减小,导致催化剂的晶粒度较小,粒径尺寸分布较均匀,结晶度相对较低,有利于提高催化剂的比表面积. 采用酸-碱交替沉淀法制备的Cu基甲醇合成催化剂具有较高的Cu分散度和较大的Cu比表面积. 在优化条件下制备的催化剂的活性和耐热性均比国内外工业催化剂高.     

A sulfur-tolerant Pd/CeO2 catalyst for methanol synthesis from syngas

The catalytic activity of ceria-supported Pd for selective hydrogenation of CO is well preserved in the presence of 30 ppm H2S due to the parallel oxidation of sulfur by CeO2 under standard methanol synthesis conditions. The bifunctional nature of this catalyst opens a route for the conversion of sulfur-contaminated gas streams such as the integrated gasification combined cycle syngas or biogas into liquid fuels if desulfurization by conventional means is not practical.     

A sulfur-tolerant Pd/CeO2 catalyst for methanol synthesis from syngas

The catalytic activity of cefia-supported Pd for selective hydrogenation of CO is well preserved in the presence of 30 ppm H2S due to the parallel oxidation of sulfur by CeO2 under standard methanol synthesis conditions. The bifunctional nature of this catalyst opens a route for the conversion of sulfur-contaminated gas streams such as the integrated gasification combined cycle syngas or biogas into liquid fuels if desulfurization by conventional means is not practical.     

Nanosized cobalt-based catalyst prepared by supercritical phase condition for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

A series of nanosized Co/Zn/Mn/K composite catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) were prepared by supercritical fluid drying (SCFD) method and common drying (CD) method. The nanosized cobalt-based catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM and BET techniques. Their catalytic performances were tested in a slurry-bed reactor under FTS reaction conditions. The drying and crystallization were carried out simultaneously during SCFD, therefore, the catalysts prepared by SCFD method have ideal structure and show the FTS performance superior to the others prepared by CD method. The FTS activity and selectivity were improved via adding Zn, Mn and K promoters, and less CH₄ and CO₂ as well as higher yield of C₅₊ products were achieved. The optimal performance of a 92% CO conversion and a 65% C₅₊ product yield was obtained over a catalyst with the component of Co/Zn/Mn/K = 100/50/10/7. Furthermore, the catalytic performance was studied under the conditions of liquid-phase and supercritical phase slurry-bed, and C₅₊ product yield were 57.4% and 65.4%, respectively. In summary, better catalytic performance was obtained using the nanosized catalyst prepared by SCFD method under supercritical reaction conditions, resulting in higher conversion of CO, less CO₂ byproduct, and higher yield of C₅₊ products.     

沉淀方式对微波辐射老化制备CuO/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

采用微波辐射老化沉淀母液的方法,着重考察了沉淀方式对制备的CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂及其前驱体的结构和催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,沉淀方式对催化剂的活性和稳定性影响较大,其活性顺序为分步沉淀法二＞并流共沉淀法＞分步沉淀法一＞反加法＞正加法。通过XRD、DTG、H₂-TPR等表征分析表明,先并流沉淀Al(NO₃)₃溶液和Na₂CO₃溶液,再并流沉淀Cu(NO₃)₂-Zn(NO₃)₂混合溶液与剩下的Na₂CO₃溶液,然后微波辐射老化所制备前驱体中含有更多的绿铜锌矿 (Cu,Zn)₅ (CO₃)₂(OH)₆物相,焙烧后形成的CuO-ZnO协同作用强,且CuO分散性好,H₂还原温度较低,催化活性和稳定性也较高。     

Influence of the addition of Pd and Cu to cobalt catalysts prepared by SMAI for F-T synthesis

The Co-Pd/SiO₂ and Co-Cu/SiO₂ catalysts were prepared via solvated metal atom impregnation (SMAI) method and investigated for the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis. The catalysts contained 5wt.% Co and a weight ratio of Pd (or Cu) to Co of 1/30. XPS indicated that Co, Pd and Cu were in metallic state. The results of XPS and magnetic measurements showed that Co and Pd (Cu) were alloyed. The Co particles on the catalysts were very highly dispersed and they displayed superparamagnetic behavior. FT-IR indicated that the electrons shifted from Cu and Pd to Co. Catalytic tests showed that CO hydrogenation rates followed the order Pd-Co > Cu-Co > Co.      

The Effect of Rare Earth on the Activity of Methanol Synthesis Catalyst

AlthoughtheCuO/ZnO/Al=O,cataIysthasbeenusedasasuccessfulmethan0lsynthesiscatalystfromCOhydrogenationformanyyears,itscatalyticactivityisnothighenoughf0rmethan0Isynthesisfr0mpureCO,hydrogenati0n.Manynewsynthesismethods,includingsol-gelco-precipitati0nmethodandultrasonicsynthesismeth0d,wereusedtopreparethemethanolsynthesiscatalyst"'.Intheliterature,manymetal0xidessuchasZrO,,Cr,O,,Ga,O,,Al,O,,SiO,andTiO,etc.wereaddedintocatalystt0improveitscatalyticactivityandmethanoIselectivity'~'.Howev…