Anharmonic oscillator model of overtone spectra for D3h symmetry molecules

The bond stretching vibrations of XF₅ molecules with D_3h symmetry are treated computationally on the Morse oscillator model in which the bond oscillators are coupled harmonically. Each calculation involves four parameters for two types of Morse potential and three parameters for the kinetic-energy, potential coupling terms. The eigenvalue formula for overtone and combination states up to three are presented and can be used to predict all the vibrational energy levels from local mode molecules through normal mode molecules. For PF₅, AsF₅ and VF₅, the coupled Morse oscillator model gives a prediction in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Absorption lineshapes for the photodissociation of polyatomic molecules

In this paper we present a theoretical treatment of the energy dependence of the cross sections for direct photodissociation of linear triatomics, util     

A simple rule for prediction of intensities of vibrational overtone spectra

The intensities of vibrational overtone absorption transitions are described in terms of vibronic coupling of the ground molecular state to excited electronic configurations. Model calculations indicate an important role of nuclear geometry of excited electronic states relative to the ground state in determination of molecular overtone spectra. A simple rule for qualitative predictions of the overtone spectra for diatomic molecules or local bond modes of polyatomic molecules is proposed.     

Spectral lineshapes of molecular clusters

The electronic spectral lineshape of an impurity molecule in a cluster is calculated. Both a rigid (solid-like) and a non-rigid (droplet-like) model for the cluster are considered and compared. The spectrum is calculated using the spectral density J(ω) which is related to the correlation function of the time-dependent enegy gap between the two electronic states. Our calculations demonstrate how the information regarding individual eigenstates is lost under the broadened lineshape envelope in large clusters.     

A composite pulse sequence for the broadband excitation in overtone N NMR spectroscopy

In this Letter, a composite π/2 pulse sequence,  135, for the broadband excitation in overtone NMR spectroscopy of spin S=1 quadrupolar nuclei is proposed. The performances of single and composite π/2 pulses against resonance offset and rf field inhomogeneity are compared based on the results from ¹⁴N overtone experiments on a single crystal sample of N-acetyl-D,L-valine. The results reveal that the  135 composite π/2 pulse is less sensitive to the pulse imperfections and it will be useful in the design of multidimensional overtone NMR experiments.     

Theory of electronic circular dichroism lineshapes

A microscopic, quantum field theory of lineshapes for electronic circular dichroism spectra is presented. A simple, model Hamiltonian for a single impurity in a crystal is considered. In this formalism, electron-photon coupling terms contribute directly to the magnetic transition dipole moment. Lineshape functions for absorbance and circular dichroism spectra are derived. Electronic circular dichroism spectra contain vibronic contributions which do not appear in absorbance spectra. This treatment does not require perturbation theory to obtain the vibrational contribution to the circular dichroism lineshape.     

Vibrational lineshapes of adsorbates on solid surfaces

A review is presented of the current activity in vibrational spectroscopy of adsorbates on metal surfaces. A brief introduction of the representative spectroscopies is given to demonstrate the rich information contained in vibrational spectra, which are characterized by their intensity, peak position and width. Analysis of vibrational spectra enables us to gain the deep insight into not only the local character of adsorption site or geometry, but also the dynamical interaction between the adsorbates or between the adsorbate and the substrate. Some recent instructive experimental results, mostly of a CO molecule adsorbed on various metal surfaces, are accompanied by the corresponding theoretical recipe for vibrational excitation mechanisms. Wide spread experimental results of the C-O stretching frequency of CO adsorbed on metal surfaces are discussed in terms of the chemical effect involving the static and dynamic charge transfers between the chemisorbed CO and metal, and also of the electrostatic dipole-dipole interaction between the molecules. The central subject of this review is directed to the linshapes characterized by the vibrational relaxation processes of adsorbates. A simple and transparent model is introduced to show that the characteristic decay time of the correlation function for the vibrational coordinates is the key quantity to determine the spectral lineshapes. Recent experimental results focused on a search for an intrinsic broadening mechanism are reviewed in the light of the so-called T₁ (energy) and T₂ (phase) relaxation processesof the vibrational excited states of adsorbates. Those are the vibrational energy dissipation into the elementary excitation, such as phonons or electron-hole pairs in the metal substrate, and pure dephasing due to the energy exchange with the sorroundings. The change of width and frequency by varying the experimental variables, such as temperature or isotope effect, provides indispensable knowledge for the dynamical interaction between adsorbate and substrate. Besides spectroscopic studies of adsorbate vibrations, infrared stimulated desorption is chosen as a case study of surface chemical reactions activated by laser radiation. The dynamical processes of photodesorption is discussed in conjunction with infrared absorption, which is followed by its energy dissipation into substrate phonons or molecule-surface bond leading to desorption.     

First-order resonance Raman profile lineshapes from optical absorption lineshapes — a consistency test of standard theoretical assumptions

It is pointed out that an exact relation holds between the lineshapes of optical absorption and first-order resonance Raman profiles under commonly-used theoretical assumptions. This relation is utilized to predict profile lineshapes from measured absorption data for β-carotene and cyanocobalamin and the results are compared with measured profiles.     

Vibrational overtone activation of methylcyclopropene

The vibrational overtone spectrum of methylcyclopropene in the region of the 6-0 and 5-0 C---H stretching transitions is reported. Transitions corresponding to the methyl, methylenic and vinyl C---H stretches are assigned. From the Birge-Sponer plots the anharmonicities and mechanical frequencies for the methyl in-plane and out-of-plane C---H stretches are −67.0 and 3118.0 cm⁻¹ and −64.0 and 3071.0 cm⁻¹, respectively. The corresponding values for the methylenic C---H stretches are −60.5 and 3030.7 cm⁻¹. Photolysis at 17093 cm⁻¹ (585 nm) yields two stable products which were identified by gas chromatography. Approximately 60% of the total yield was 2-butyne. A specific rate constant of 1.66×10⁸ s⁻¹ results from the Stern-Volmer analysis of the product yield of 2-butyne.     

Effects of torsion on O-H stretch overtone spectra and direct overtone photolysis of methyl hydroperoxide

We use laser photoacoustic spectroscopy to obtain overtone spectra at three through six quanta of O-H stretch excitation (3nu(OH)-6nu(OH)) for methyl hydroperoxide (MeOOH). Extending the spectral regions beyond our previous work reveals new features that can be attributed to transitions involving torsion about the O-O bond. Experimental spectral profiles (3nu(OH)-6nu(OH)) and cross sections (3nu(OH)-5nu(OH)) at room temperature show a good agreement with the simulated spectra that we obtain from ab initio calculations employing a vibration-torsion model at 298 K. A Birge-Sponer analysis yields experimental values for the O-H stretch frequency (omega=3773+/-15 cm(-1)) and anharmonicity (omegax=94+/-3 cm(-1)). We also detect OH radicals by laser-induced fluorescence and present photodissociation action spectra of MeOOH in the regions of 4nu(OH) and 5nu(OH). While the spectral profile at 5nu(OH) mimics the photoacoustic spectrum, the peak intensity for transitions to torsionally excited states is relatively more intense in the action spectrum at 4nu(OH), reflecting the fact that the 4nu(OH) excitation energy is below the literature dissociation energy (D0=42.6+/-1 kcal mol(-1)) so that features in the action spectrum come from thermally populated excited states. Finally, we use our calculations to assign contributions to individual peaks in the room-temperature spectra and relate our findings to a recent dynamics study in the literature.     

A comparative study of the fundamental and overtone spectra of dioxane

Infrared, near infrared and visible (NIR) spectra were recorded for Dioxane, Tetrahydropyrane and Diethylether in the liquid. The study of the frequencies of the overtones in Dioxane provides parameters that can be used also for interpreting the fundamental spectrum between 2800–3000 cm⁻¹ as long as one takes into account the Fermi resonance. A characteristic trend for intensities of fundamental and overtones is observed and models for appropriate parametrization are discussed.     

A new approach to calculations of intensities of vibrational overtone transitions

A new approach to the theory of intensities of vibrational overtone transitions is formulated in terms of vibrational coupling of the molecular ground state to excited electronic states. Model calculations indicate an important role of nuclear geometry of the excited electronic states in determining overtone spectra. It is shown that the observed overtone spectrum of the CH stretching mode in benzene can be reproduced theoretically with the assumption that CH bond lengths in the e_lu electronic state are shortened relative to the ground configuration. A simple rule for qualitative prediction of the overtone spectra for diatomic molecules is proposed.     

CH-stretching overtone spectroscopy of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane

We have recorded the vibrational absorption spectrum of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) in the fundamental and first five CH-stretching overtone regions with the use of Fourier transform infrared, dispersive long-path, intracavity laser photoacoustic, and cavity ringdown spectroscopies. We compare our measured total oscillator strengths in each region with intensities calculated using an anharmonic oscillator local mode model. We calculate intensities with 1D, 2D, and 3D Hamiltonians, including one or two CH stretches and two CH stretches with the HCH bending mode, respectively. The dipole moment function is calculated ab initio with self-consistent-field Hartree-Fock and density functional theories combined with double- and triple-zeta-quality basis sets. We find that the basis set choice affects the total intensity more than the choice of the Hamiltonian. We achieve agreement between the calculated and measured total intensities of approximately a factor of 2 or better for the fundamental and first five overtones.     

Vibrational overtone spectroscopy of three-membered rings

We have recorded vapor-phase photoacoustic spectra of cyclopropane, ethylene oxide, and ethylene sulfide in the third, fourth, and fifth CH-stretching overtone regions. We have used a harmonically coupled anharmonic oscillator local mode model to facilitate analysis of the spectra. Fermi resonance between the CH-stretching and HCH-bending vibrations is essential to explain the observed wide and multistructured CH-stretching overtone bands. A number of weak combination bands can account for the remaining experimental features observed to the blue of the CH-stretching regions. We have reassigned the fundamental spectra of these three-membered rings.     

Infrared double-resonance lineshapes in strongly pumped spherical-top molecules

Strong double-resonance signals are observed in silane pumped with a TEA-CO₂ laser and probed with a tunable diode laser. The lineshapes of these signals have been modeled with an extension of three level density-matrix theory to the case of a large bandwidth pump laser. Up to 50% of the ground state population can be transferred to specific rotational levels of the dyad by CO₂ laser pumping. Collision-mediated two-photon excitation to triad levels has also been observed.     

Slow motional NMR lineshapes for very anisotropic diffusion: I = 1 nuclei

A general method to analyze NMR show motional lineshapes is extended to I = 1 nuclei and illustrated on ²H NMR lineshapes of a clathrate hydrate of tetrahydrofuran (THF-d₈). It is shown that “ring puckering” could be the dominant mode of motion for the enclathrated THF-d₈ molecule, whereas several other models are inconsistent with experiment.     

The vibron model and long molecular chains: Algebraic polyethylene and its first CH stretching overtone

We apply the algebraic (vibron) model to very long molecular chains, starting from n-alkanes molecules up to polyethylene. The infrared spectrum of CH stretches is computed in an algebraic basis and we obtain analytical formulas for both energy values and intensities of vibrational modes in the ν=2 overtone. We provide a simple, yet confident explanation of the main features of the IR spectrum of the polyethylene molecule in this energy range.     

Vibrational overtone spectra of chloroanilines--evidence for intramolecular hydrogen bonding in o-chloroaniline

The near infrared vibrational overtone absorption spectra of liquid phase aniline and chloroanilines are reported. The analysis of the observed CH and NH local mode mechanical frequency values shows that intramolecular hydrogen bonding occurs between NH2 group and chlorine atom in o-chloroaniline. This observation supports the conclusion drawn from microwave spectroscopic studies reported earlier.     

Anomalous lineshapes and aging effects in two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy

Multitime correlation functions provide useful probes for the ensembles of trajectories underlying the stochastic dynamics of complex systems. These can be obtained by measuring their optical response to sequences of ultrashort optical pulse. Using the continuous time random walk model for spectral diffusion, we analyze the signatures of anomalous relaxation in two-dimensional four wave mixing signals. Different models which share the same two point joint probability distribution show markedly different lineshapes and may be distinguished. Aging random walks corresponding to waiting time distributions with diverging first moment show dependence of 2D lineshapes on initial observation time, which persist for long times.