一种有效制备2-氨基-3,5-二硝基-6-氯吡啶及其衍生物的方法

研究了2-氨基-3,5-二硝基-6-氯吡啶(4)及其衍生物的制备新方法.以廉价易得的2,6-二氯吡啶(1)为起始原料,通过硝化、氨化、硝化反应步骤得到中间体2-氨基-3,5-二硝基-6-氯吡啶(4),再与氨、叠氮化钠等亲核试剂反应分别得到2-氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-6-取代衍生物5~7.研究表明该方法具有原料便宜易得、后处理操作简单和产品纯度高等优点.     

2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物的合成新方法

研究了2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物(ANPyO)的合成新方法. 以2,6-二氨基吡啶为起始原料, 经酰基化、N-氧化、硝化三步反应得到ANPyO, 总收率为75%. 测试了ANPyO的爆速、爆压、DSC, 以及电火花感度和落锤感度, 同1,3,5-三氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯(TATB)的性能进行了对比, 结果表明ANPyO综合性能和TATB基本相当. 用1H NMR, MS和红外光谱对ANPyO及其中间体结构进行了表征.     

2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪-1-氧化物的合成

研究了2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪-1-氧化物(LLM-105)的合成新方法. 该方法是以2,6-二氯吡嗪和甲醇钠作为起始原料, 经烷氧基化、硝化、胺化、N-氧化四步反应得到LLM-105, 总收率为50%. 用¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR, MS和元素分析对LLM-105及其中间体结构进行了表征.     

1-氧-2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪(LLM-105)的合成

经四个反应步骤合成了新型钝感高能炸药1-氧-2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪(LLM-105),给出了各步产物的基本理化性质,并采用FT-IR、~1HNMR及MS等分析手段表征了各步产物。     

5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的新法合成

以2,6-二氯吡啶为起始原料,经肼基化、还原、硝化、Nietzki-Dietschy环合4步反应得到5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物.结合反应机理讨论了还原、硝化、Nietzki-Dietschy环合反应的影响因素,获得了合成-.氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的最佳工艺条件,目标产物的总收率为59.2%.用1H NMR、MS和IR谱对5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的结构进行了表征.     

5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的合成新方法

以2,6-二氯吡啶为起始原料, 经肼基化、还原、硝化、Nietzki-Dietschy环合4步反应得到5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物。 结合反应机理讨论了还原、硝化、Nietzki-Dietschy环合反应的影响因素,获得了合成5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的最佳工艺条件,目标产物的总收率为59.2%。 用1H NMR、MS和IR谱对5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的结构进行了表征。     

一种合成3,5-二氨基吡啶及3,5-二甲氧羰基氨基吡啶的新路线

以3,5-二甲基吡啶为起始原料,经氧化、酰胺化,酰胺在不同的霍夫曼降解条件下合成3,5-二氨基吡啶及3,5-二甲氧羰基氨基吡啶,总收率分别为64%和68%。利用1H NMR、MS/MS、IR等方法对各化合物的结构进行了表征。讨论了氧化反应及霍夫曼降解反应的主要影响因素。反应均在常压下进行,反应条件温和,后处理简单,效率高。     

新型1-吡啶基-3,5-二甲基-1-氢吡唑类化合物的合成及晶体结构

以卤代吡啶为起始原料与水合肼反应合成肼基吡啶衍生物中间体,该中间体进一步与2,4-戊二酮关环合成了一类新型1-吡啶基-3,5-二甲基吡唑衍生物。对合成目标化合物进行了质谱、核磁表征。并且采用X射线单晶衍射分析方法进一步测定了目标化合物1-(3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-基)-3,5-二甲基-1氢吡唑(3f)的晶体结构。     

2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪-1-氧化物的合成及其晶体结构

以三氟乙酸为溶剂和催化剂,2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪与过氧化氢反应制备了2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪-1-氧化物(LLM-105),其结构经1H NMR,IR,MS,元素分析和四圆单晶X-射线衍射仪表征。LLM-105属单斜晶系,空间群P21/n,晶胞参数:a=0.571 6(3)nm,b=1.593 5(5)nm,c=0.841 2(5)nm,α=90°,β=100.97(4)°,γ=90°,V=0.7522(6)nm3,Dc=1.908 g.cm-3,Z=4,μ=0.175 mm-1,F(000)=440,μ(MoKα)=1.047 mm-1;R1=0.053 2,wR2=0.137 9。LLM-105存在分子内和分子间氢键。     

含吡啶环的[1,3,4]噁二唑类化合物的合成及表征

2,6-二甲基吡啶-3,5-二甲酸二乙酯在乙醇中与水合肼反应生成5-甲酰肼基-2,6-二甲基吡啶甲酸乙酯和2,6-二甲基吡啶-3,5-双酰肼, 使其与取代的苯甲醛反应, 得到相应的腙, 最后在N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)作用下成环. 化合物的结构分别通过了¹H NMR, IR, MS, 元素分析确证.     

Organic-soluble tri-, tetra-, and pentanuclear titanium(IV) phosphates

Bulky 2,6-disubstituted aryl esters of phosphoric acid, 2,6-dimethylphenyl phosphate (dmppH 2), and 2,6-diisopropylphenyl phosphate (dippH 2) react differently with Cp*TiCl 3 (Cp* = C 5Me 5) under identical reaction conditions. While dippH 2 and Cp*TiCl 3 react in THF at 25 degrees C to yield air-stable trinuclear titanophosphate cage [(Ti 3Cp*Cl(mu 2 -O)(dipp) 2(dippH) 4(THF)].(toluene) ( 1), the similar reaction involving dmppH 2 yields the tetranuclear titanophosphate [Ti 4Cl 2(mu 2 -O) 2(dmpp) 2(dmppH) 6(THF) 2].(toluene) 2 ( 2). Interestingly, the change of titanium source to Ti(O iPr) 4 in the reaction with dippH 2 produces a pentanuclear titanophosphate, [Ti 5(mu 3-O)(O iPr) 6((dipp) 6(THF)] ( 3). Compounds 1- 3 were the only products isolated as single crystals from the respective reaction mixtures in 59, 75, and 54% yield, respectively. The new clusters 1- 3 have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR ( (1)H and (31)P) spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The structural elucidation reveals that in the reactions leading to 1 and 2, extensive Cp*-Ti bond cleavage occurs, leaving only one residual Cp*-ligand in cluster 1 and none in 2. Closer analysis of the structures of 1- 3 shows common structural features which in turn imply that the formation of all three products could have proceeded via a common Ti-O-Ti dimeric building block.     

New crystalline aluminum alkoxide oxide fluorides: evidence of the mechanism of the fluorolytic sol-gel reaction

This study reports three new crystalline aluminum isopropoxide oxide fluorides with molar ratios of Al:F equal to 1:1 and 1:1.25. These are the first three representatives isolated without the incorporation of external donor molecules. Compound 1 Al(4)F(4)(μ(4)-O)(μ-O(i)Pr)(5)[H(O(i)Pr)(2)] contains a tetranuclear unit consisting of two different five fold coordinated AlFO(4)-units, with F exclusively in the terminal position. Compound 2, Al(4)F(4)(μ(4)-O)(μ-O(i)Pr)(5)[H(O(i)Pr)(2)]·Al(5)F(5)(μ(5)-O)(μ-O(i)Pr)(8), contains both a tetranuclear unit (as in 1) and a pentanuclear Al-unit. Al-atoms in the latter are five- and six fold coordinated. Compound 3, Al(16)F(20)(μ(4)-O)(4)(μ-O(i)Pr)(20)·2((i)PrOH), exhibits a slightly higher fluorination degree and contains an oligomeric chain of four F-linked tetranuclear Al-units. In addition to X-ray structure analysis, compound 1 was characterized by different solid state MAS NMR techniques, including (27)Al triple quantum MAS NMR and (1)H, (1)H→(13)C CP, (19)F and (27)Al MAS NMR. On the basis of the collected data, a reliable decomposition of (27)Al single pulse MAS NMR spectra and an unambiguous assignment of the resonances to the respective structural AlFO(4)-units are given. The new crystalline aluminum isopropoxide oxide fluorides are direct evidence of the fluorolytic sol-gel mechanism previously discussed.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, antimicrobial activity and DNA-binding of hydrogen-bonded proton-transfer complex of 2,6-diaminopyridine with picric acid

A proton-transfer (charge transfer) complex formed on the reaction between 2,6-diaminopyridine (donor) and picric acid (acceptor) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, (1)H NMR, thermal and elemental analysis. The crystal structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that cation and anion are joined together by strong N(+)-H- -O(-) type hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen-bonded charge transfer (HBCT) complex was screened for its pharmacology such as antimicrobial activity against various fungal and bacterial strains and Calf thymus DNA-binding. The results showed that HBCT complex (100μg/ml) exhibited good antibacterial antifungal activity as that of standard antibiotics Tetracycline and Nystatin. A molecular frame work through H-bonding interactions between neighboring moieties is found to be responsible for high melting point of resulting complex. This has been attributed to the formation of 1:1 HBCT complex.     

Preparation of the hydrocarbon-soluble trifluoro complex LTiF3 with a β-diketiminato ligand

The β-diketiminato fluoride complex (LTiF₃) (1) (L = HC(CMeN(2,6-iPr₂C₆H₃))₂, “NacNac”) has been obtained using two synthetic routes, interaction of TiF₄ and NacNacK·2THF in toluene and interaction of LTiCl₃ and 3 equiv. of Me₃SnF in toluene. The trifluoro complex (LTiF₃) (1) is soluble in the non-polar solvents toluene and hexane and moderately active in polymerization of ethylene; the activity is higher than that of LTiMe₃ and comparable with that of the oxo-bridged complexes LTiCl(μ-O)₂TiClL and LTiMe(μ-O)₂TiMeL·toluene. Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal X-ray structural analysis, elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Complex 1 in the solid state is a centrosymmetric dimer containing two LTiF₂ moieties connected by two bridging fluorines, whereas C₆D₆ and CD₃CN solutions of 1 contain the monomeric complex at room temperature.     

Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of rhodium(I) acetylacetonato complexes containing pyridinecarboxaldimine ligands

Addition of o-C 6H 4NCHNAr to Rh(coe) 2(acac) (coe = cis-cyclooctene, acac = acetylacetonato) gave several new iminopyridine rhodium(I) complexes of the type Rh(acac)(kappa (2)- o-C 6H 4 NCH NAr) ( 1a Ar = 4-C 6H 4-OMe; 1b Ar = 2,6-C 6H 3-Me 2; 1c Ar = 2,6-C 6H 3-Et 2; 1d Ar = 2,6-C 6H 3- i-Pr 2). All new rhodium complexes have been characterized by a number of physical methods, including multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies for 1b and 1c. Addition of CHCl 3 to 1a afforded the corresponding rhodium(III) complex trans-Rh(kappa (2)- o-C 6H 4 NCH NAr)(CHCl 2)(Cl)(acac) ( 2). Addition of B 2cat 3 (cat = 1,2-O 2C 6H 4) to 1 gave zwitterionic Rh(eta (6)-catBcat)(kappa (2)- o-C 6H 4 NCH NAr) ( 3). The molecular structure of 3b has been confirmed by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study and shows that the N 2Rh fragment is bound to the catBcat anion via one of the catecholato groups in a eta (6)-fashion. These complexes have also been examined for their ability to catalyze the hydroboration of a series of vinylarenes. Reactions using catecholborane and pinacolborane seem to proceed largely through a dehydrogenative borylation mechanism to give a number of boronated products.     

Lithium aluminates on a molecular titanium oxide

Lithium aluminates Li[Al(O-2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3))R'(3)] (R' = Et, Ph) react with the μ(3)-alkylidyne oxoderivative ligands [{Ti(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))(μ-O)}(3)(μ(3)-CR)] [R = H (1), Me (2)] to afford the aluminum-lithium-titanium cubane complexes [{R'(3)Al(μ-O-2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3))Li}(μ(3)-O)(3){Ti(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))}(3)(μ(3)-CR)] [R = H, R' = Et (5), Ph (7); R = Me, R' = Et (6), Ph (8)]. Complex 7 evolves with the formation of a lithium dicubane species and a Li{Al(μ-O-2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3))Ph(3)}(2)] unit.     

W具有μ-OH,μ-O2双钴核结构的基于多吡啶配体的配合物催化水氧化反应的能力

化石燃料的大量使用已经带来了一系列的环境问题, 开发和使用可再生的清洁能源十分有必要. 氢能可以作为传统化石燃料的理想替代品, 因为它不但清洁而且热值高. 受光合作用启发的水裂解反应被认为是一种将太阳能转化为氢能的理想途径. 水裂解包括两个半反应, 即水的氧化(2H2O → 4H++ O2+ 4e-)和质子的还原(4H++ 4e-→ 2H2). 水氧化反应需要高的活化能, 因此它也被认为是水裂解反应的瓶颈步骤. 为了提高水氧化反应的效率, 已经有很多关于水氧化催化剂的研究工作被开展. 然而, 迄今为止, 寻找高效的水氧化催化剂仍然是巨大挑战. 考虑到成本以及丰度的因素, 基于第一过渡系金属的水氧化催化剂日益受人关注. 相比于多相水氧化催化剂, 均相的水氧化催化剂, 特别是基于有机配合物的均相催化剂, 在结构调变, 机理研究方面更具有优势. 均相的水氧化催化剂主要分两类: 无机的多金属氧酸盐和基于有机配体的配合物.在所有的均相的水氧化催化剂中, 含钴的配合物被广泛研究, 因为在光驱动水氧化反应中它们通常能表现出来较好的活性. 很多研究工作都集中于研究多核的含钴的均相催化剂, 特别是具有Co4O4框架立方烷结构的配合物, 因为它们具有类似于自然界光合作用光系统II活性中心Mn4CaO5簇的结构. 例如, Co4O4(Ac)4(py)4簇以及相关衍生物曾被报道过用于水氧化反应,然而Nocera等人发现该化合物本身没有活性(J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136, 17681-17688),表观的活性来源于催化 剂 合 成 过 程 中 引 入 的 二 价 钴 离 子. 2014年, 一 个 具 有 双 核 钴 核 心 结 构 的 多 吡 啶 配 合 物[(TPA)CoⅢ(μ-OH)(μ-O2)CoⅢ(TPA)](ClO4)3被报道具有催化光驱动水氧化反应的能力. 然而随后的研究工作(ACS Catal., 2016, 6, 5062-5068)表明其表观活性也是来自于自由钴离子杂质, 纯的化合物是没有活性的.在检查一个均相分子水氧化催化剂的时候, 应当进行充分的实验, 特别是对于钴基的水氧化催化剂. 因为在合成含钴配合物的过程中可能引入杂质钴离子, 杂质钴离子在反应过程中会转化为CoOx, 它本身就是很常见的高效的水氧化催化剂. 在定性一个真正的均相的钴基水氧化催化剂之前, 这一可能性必须要被排除. 在这里我们报道了另外一个同样以双三价钴离子为核心的, 具有μ-OH, μ-O2结构的基于多吡啶配体的均相配合物. 我们通过一系列的实验验证了它催化光驱动水氧化反应的能力. 实验证明, 该化合物没有催化活性, 表观活性依然是来自于合成过程中引入的杂质钴离子. 这一结果与之前的报道相比, 既是进一步的探索, 也是一个很好的补充. 结合前人的工作, 我们发现并总结了一个规律: 以双核三价钴为核心的, 拥有μ-OH, μ-O2核心结构的基于多吡啶配体的配合物不适合被选用于催化光驱动水氧化反应. 这一发现能为高效水氧化催化剂的开发设计提供见解与指导.     

一种新型气相色谱手性固定相的制备及应用

合成了一种新的手性固定相,2,6－二－O－三甲基硅烷基－3－O－乙酰其－β－环糊精,以甲基苯基硅油为稀释剂,成功地将其涂渍到弹性石英毛细管柱上,该手性柱具有柱效高,惰性好,热稳定性好等色谱性能,对几类对映体进行了拆分,多数获得令人满意的效果。β     

2,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫中间体的合成

以2-溴代-3-甲基环己酮和2-溴代-5-甲基环己酮混合物及2-甲基苯硫酚为原料,经耦合、环化及纯化制得1,2,3,4-四氢-2,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(3);3在三氟乙酸中经锌粉还原合成了1,2,3,4,4a,9b-六氢-2,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(4).3和4的结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和GC-MS确证.