丁苯橡胶甲苯溶液粘度的切变速度依赖性

对低温聚合丁苯橡膠一个级分(M=1.0×10~6)的甲苯溶液在切变速度 D=10—20,000秒~(-1)范国内测定了五种浓度溶液的粘度数据(25.0℃)。粘度计采用 Tsuda 的水平毛细管水平流出体积计量管的设计,且在全部切变速度范围内都从同一毛细管流出,使不同范围内的数据很好衔接。实验结果证明在低切变速度区域牛顿粘度η(?)(0)的存在。并且从lnη(?)—ln D 曲线的反曲点(?)值不依赖于浓度和对反曲点的对称性估计η(?)(∞)值和整个切变速度范国内的粘度行为。取几个等 D 值时的 lnη(?)按(lnη(?)/C)-C 的线性外推得到[η]_D,明确表示在低切变速度区域[η](?)的存在。两种牛顿流动间转变区域的实难数据可以采用下列两公式线性化:x(D)=(1/2)[1-erf(kln(?))],x(D)=(1/1+(?))~n,式中x=(lnη(?)-lnη(?)(∞)/lnη(?)(0)-lnη(?)(∞)),erf(z)=(?)-u~2du,k 和 n 是依赖于浓度的参数,但在较高浓度时均趋向一恒定值。([η]_D/[η]_0)-ln D 曲线相当符合于刚性橢球轴比 p=4—5间的理论曲线,这样得到的转动扩散系数(?)_(rot)=6.6×10~2秒~(-1),但是从(?)_(rot)和[η]_0值按 Scheraga-Mandelkern 方法计算得到的分子量值与实际不符,所以丁苯橡膠分子线团不是刚性结构;而以1/(?)值作为高分子线团弹性变形的松弛时间,按 Bueche 理论计算得到的分子量值与实际极相一致。     

3,4'-联苯二甲酸与含氮配体构筑的镧系配合物的合成、晶体结构及荧光传感

通过水热方法合成了2个镧系配合物,[Gd(3,4′-dpdc)_2(HDPP)]_n(1)和{[Dy(3,4′-Hdpdc)_3(H_2O)]·0.5BTB}_n(2)(3,4′-H_2dpdc=3,4′-联苯二甲酸,DPP=1,3-二(4-吡啶基)-丙烷,BTB=1,4-二(1,2,4-三氮唑)-1-丁烷),通过X射线单晶衍射对其结构进行表征。配合物1属单斜晶系,P2_1/c空间群。该配合物为二维层状结构,中心Gd(Ⅲ)离子的配位环境为[GdO_7N]。3,4′-dpdc配体以μ_1∶η~1η~1/μ_2∶η~1η~1和μ_1∶η~1η~1/μ_1∶η~1η~0两种方式桥联Gd(Ⅲ)离子,而HDPP配体是以端基的形式配位于Gd(Ⅲ)离子。配合物2属三斜晶系,P1空间群。配合物2具有一维链状结构,Dy(Ⅲ)离子的配位环境为[Dy O7]。3,4′-Hdpdc配体以μ_2∶η~1η~1配位模式链接相邻的Dy(Ⅲ)离子。未参加配位的BTB通过氢键与一维链连接,进而形成三维超分子结构。固态光致发光测量表明,化合物1和2在350~650 nm范围内显示出宽峰,归因于配体的π*→π跃迁。进一步研究了水溶液中不同沙星类药物对配合物1的发光的影响,实验结果表明该配合物可以识别培氟沙星。     

含弱金属-金属键体系[M_2(η~5-C_5H_5)_2(CO)_4](M=Fe,Ru)及其相关体系的电子光谱

用INDO/CI法研究了[M_2(η~5-C_5H_5)_2(CO)_4]及M(η~5-C_5H_5)(CO)_2Cl(M=Fe,Ru)体系的电子光谱,讨论了谱带的跃迁机理、电荷转移性质及同一标号谱带的蓝移现象,并对[MC_p(CO)_2]_2体系的异构化反应性及光化学反应的可能机理进行了探讨。     

纤维素硫酸半酯钠盐的分子链相对僵硬性测算

本文测定了已知分子量的纤维素硫酸半酯钠盐在不同离子强度(I)NaCl溶液中,25℃的特性粘数[η],确立了与此相对应的[η]与1/I~(1/2)和logs(=△[η]/△(I)~(-1/2)与 log[η]_(0.1)的线性关系.依 Smidsrod 方程(S=B·[η]_(0.1)~v),求得纤维素硫酸半酯钠盐的分子链相对僵硬性参数B值0.088。参数B不仅用作各种高分子链的相对僵硬性的量度,还可以用来定量地表征各种聚电解质溶液特性粘数对外加盐的响应。     

3-(4'-羧基-苯氧基)苯甲酸构筑的Cu(Ⅱ)/Zn(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及对丙酮和Tb3+离子的荧光传感

利用水热法合成了2个新的配位聚合物(CPs):[M(3,4′-oba)(phen)(H_2O)]_n(M=Zn (1)、Cu (2),3,4′-H_2oba=3-(4′-羧基-苯氧基)苯甲酸,phen=菲咯啉),并用X射线单晶衍射测定其晶体结构。CP1为一维链状结构,中心金属Zn~(2+)的配位环境为[ZnO_3N_2],形成四方锥构型。配体3,4′-oba以μ_1∶η~1η~0/μ_1∶η~1η~0的模式与Zn~(2+)配位。CP2中Cu~(2+)的配位环境为[CuO_4N_2],呈扭曲的八面体构型。配体3,4′-oba采用μ_1∶η~1η~0/μ_1∶η~1η~1的模式连接2个Cu~(2+)形成一维"之"字链结构。一维链分别通过分子间氢键C—H…O (1)和O—H…O (2)形成二维超分子网状结构。配体phen以双齿螯合的形式与Zn~(2+)/Cu~(2+)配位。CP1表现出强的荧光,归因于配体的π*-π跃迁。研究了1在不同溶剂中的发光性能以及对镧系金属离子的荧光敏化效果。CP1的荧光被丙酮分子猝灭,而可以敏化稀土金属Tb~(3+)离子发出强的绿色荧光,因而1可作为检测丙酮分子和Tb~(3+)离子的荧光传感器。     

聚合物共混体脆韧转变的损伤竞争理论——Ⅰ.损伤竞争准数与脆韧转变判据

提出了一个无因次损伤竞争准数D_a(=σ_b~2/σ_y~2),将决定聚合物共混体脆韧转变的两种互相竞争的机制,即脆性断裂(断裂应力σ_b)和剪切屈服(屈服应力σ_y)统一起来。利用共混体分散相粒子分布的无穷多共线裂纹近似,推导出D_a=(L_(ym)/L_D)·F_g,其中L_(ym)是基体本征脆韧转变尺寸,F_g是与试样几何构型,裂纹预置及实验方法等有关的因子,L_D是分散相等效缺陷尺寸。脆韧转变的临界条件为D_(ac)=1,D_a<1为脆性破坏,D_a>1为韧性破坏。实验数据证实了本文提出的D_a判据的合理性。     

粘度数据的外推和从一个浓度的溶液粘度计算特性粘数

高分子稀溶液粘度的浓度依賴性,常用式 η_(sp)/[η]+K'[η]~2C (1) 和 1nη/C=[η吁]-β[η]~2C (2)来表示。粘度数据的处理,通常都在同一图紙上,同时以η_(sp)/C和1nη_r/C对C作线性外推,C→0的共同截矩为特性粘数[η],斜率系数应当滿足     

取代环戊二烯基铬-硫三键化合物[η~5-RC_5H_4Cr(CO)_2]_2S的合成、反应及结构

通过η~5-官能团取代环戊二烯基三羰基铬钠与SOCl_2相作用可制得[η~5-CH_3C(O)C_5H_4Cr(CO)_2]_2S1,[η~5-CH_3O_2CC_5H_4Cr(CO)_2]_2S 2和[η~5-C_2H_5O_2CC_5H_4Cr(CO)_2]_2S 3;将1进一步用NaBH_4还原以及2经皂化、酸化和丙酮重结晶制得[η~5-CH_3CH(OH)C_5H_4Cr(CO)_2]_2S 4和[η~5-HO_2CC_5H_4Cr(CO)_2]_2S·nCH_3C(O)CH_3 5.1—5是首次报道的一类含有机官能团的铬-硫三键化合物。1经X射线单晶结构分析表明,它是由一个硫原子通过三键将2个相同的金属有机碎片η~5-CH_3C(O)C_5H_4Cr(CO)_2连在一起的,其Cr≡S≡Cr结构单元呈线性构型,平均Cr≡S三键键长为2.072。     

A STUDY ON THE YIELD STRENGTH OF SBR RAW RUBBER

the relationship between intrinsic viscosity[η] and yield strength [σ?] of SBR-1500 raw rubberwas studied. It was found that the critical molecular weight for yielding varied with temperature.The critical yield temperature of SBR--1500 is 18℃, which is equivalent to transition temperature T'_(ll)as determined by linear expansion. The transition temperature T'_(ll) of SBR increased with styrenecontent in the sample.     

trans—和cis—(η~5—C_5Me_5)2Mo_2(μ_2—S)_2(t—O)_2[Me=CH_3—]的合成和结构

trans—(η~5—C_5Me_5)_2Mo_2(μ_2—S)_2(t—O)_2[Ⅰ]和cis—(η~5—C_5Me_5)Mo_2(μ_2—O)_2(t—O)_2(Ⅱ]是由Mo(CO)_6和C_5(CH_3)_5H的反应产物(η~5—C_5Me_5)_2Mo_2(CO)_4与(CH_2)_3S反应中同时得到的。晶体[Ⅰ]属四方晶系,空间群为P4_2/n,单胞参数;a=b=16.317,c=8.463,V=2253.16,Z=4。晶体[Ⅱ]亦属四方晶系,空间群为P42_1c,单胞参数:a=b=12.101,c=15.425,V=2258.54,Z=4 [Ⅰ]和[Ⅱ]分子分别具有C_1—T和C_2—2对称性。如把C_5Me_5-看成具有理想的园柱体对称性,则它们分别具有C_(2h)—2/m和C_(2v)—mm2对称性。在[Ⅰ]中Mo_2(μ_2—S)_2为菱形平面结构,而[Ⅱ]中则畸变成“蝶式”结构。由两个钼原子之间的距离(2.902和2.808)可以看出钼一钼间作用属于单键的范围内。所以它们是具有金属单键的双钼金属簇的两个立体异构体。     

Carbon black reinforcement in preswollen rubbers. Part II

The mechanism of carbon black reinforcement was studied by examining stress–strain properties of preswollen (i.e., cured in the swollen state then deswollen) SBR-1500 vulcanizates and the effect of heat treatment on such samples. It was found that the supercoiling of molecular chains leads to a purely viscous response at low elongations. On heating of preswollen samples, molecular rearrangement at the carbon black surface occurs, leading to a considerable increase in modulus. The activation energy of that process was determined by using the superposition principle.     

Separation of organic mixtures by pervaporation using crosslinked rubber membranes

Natural rubber (NR) and poly(styrene-co-butadiene) rubber (SBR) has been crosslinked with sulfur and accelerator with three different doses of varied accelerator to sulfur ratios to obtain three crosslinked membranes from each of these two rubbers (NR-1, NR-2 and NR-3 and SBR-1, SBR-2 and SBR-3). These six rubber membranes were used for pervaporative separation of toluene–methanol mixture up to 10 wt% of toluene in feed. It has been found that with increase in accelerator to sulfur ratio from membrane-3 to membrane-1, the vulcanization system shifts from conventional to efficient system resulting in higher degree of crosslink density and permeation selectivity. All of these membranes showed reasonably good range of flux (45.26 gm/m² h for NR-3 to 12.0 gm/m² h for SBR-1) and separation factor (162 for SBR-1 to 35.12 for NR-3) for 0.55 wt% of toluene in feed. Among these membranes NR-1 and SBR-1 with highest crosslink density showed maximum separation factor for toluene along with good flux. It has also been found that for comparable crosslink density SBR membranes showed better separation factor than NR membranes.     

FLUIDITY AND OXYGEN PENETRATION OF LIPID VESICLES STUDIED BY FLUORESCENCE PROBES

Abstract. –An analysis of the temperature dependence of trans -stilbene fluorescence yield in dipalmitoyl lecithin vesicles is used to obtain activation energies. The results are interpreted in terms of bilayer fluidity through and above the phase transition. Oxygen quenching of the fluorescence of pyrenebutyric acid (incorporated in dipalmitoyl lecithin and egg lecithin vesicles) is reported as a function of temperature and bulk oxygen concentration. Above the bilayer phase transition, quenching rates (determined by oxygen quenching) decrease with decreasing temperature. A reduction in oxygen quenching is observed through the dipalmitoyl lecithin phase transition.     

顺式1,4-聚丁二烯的流变性质——Ⅱ.生胶的包辊性能

研究了四种催化体系的高顺式1,4-聚丁二烯生胶包辊性与温度及辊距的关系。流动曲线由连续变为不连续的临界温度可用作判断包辊性的一种依据,临界温度愈高,则2-3区转变温度也愈高即包辊性也愈好。但长链支化对包辊性,特别是在宽辊距时,有一定影响。对此现象的原因进行了推测。     

废轮胎快速热解实验研究

介绍了废轮快速热解的试验装置和结果。重点考察了反应器温度在５００～１０００℃时,热分解气体产率和组分的变化规律,热分解产物分布以及延长气相停留时间对热分解气体产率和组分的影响。结果表明,热分解速率随温度呈线性变化,热分解温度升高,产气率增加,液体和固体产物减少。１０００℃时气体产率为５００℃的４倍。废轮胎热解气热值较高（２０～３７ＭＪ／Ｎｍ＾３）,在７００～８００℃间达到最大值。７００℃以上延长气     

BRITTLE-DUCTILE TRANSITION OF POLYMERS AND ITS PERCOLATION MODEL

The brittle-ductile transition (BDT) of particlc toughened polymers was extensively studied in terms ofmorphology, strain rate, and temperature. The calculation results showed that both the critical interparticle distance (ID_c) andthe brittle-ductile transition temperature (T_(BD)) of polymers were a function of strain rate. The ID_c reduced nonlinearly withincreasing strain rate, whereas T_(BD) increased considerably with increasing strain rate. The effects of temperature andplasticizer concentration on BDT were discussed using a percolation model. The results were in agreement with theexperiments.     

高分子链的去拥挤转变及低温流动

简述了拥挤理论的基本原理,运用拥挤理论来说明高分子链间弱相互作用对高分子链所处的状态的影响,特别是对高分子玻璃化转变的影响.在实验中,采用固体核磁共振方法探测高分子的链间邻近度,并比较了不同链间邻近度的高分子样品在玻璃化转变温度以下的压力诱导流行行为,发现即使测试温度比高分子玻璃化转变温度低132℃,高分子链在压力下依...     

REACTION OF SINGLET OXYGEN WITH CHOLESTEROL IN LIPOSOMAL MEMBRANES. EFFECT OF MEMBRANE FLUIDITY ON THE PHOTOOXIDATION OF CHOLESTEROL

Abstract— The photosensitized oxygenation of cholesterol in liposomal membranes results in the formation of the characteristic singlet oxygen product, 3β-hydroxy-5α-cholest-6-ene-5-hydroperoxide. The yield of this product was found to be strongly temperature dependent with 6- to 7-fold increase above the transition temperature of the membrane using 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphorylcholine or 1.2-dimyristoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphorylcholine. In contrast, the formation of the radical autoxidation products of cholesterol was not significantly enhanced in these systems by higher temperatures. We conclude from the results that the oxidation of cholesterol by singlet oxygen in the artificial membranes is affected by both membrane fluidity and amount of hematoporphyrin incorporated into the membrane. The ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid which affects the morphology of membranes is a crucial factor in determining the yield of the singlet oxygen product.     

Temperature and strain-rate dependence of yield stress of polyethylene

The yield stress behavior of a range of polyethylene materials which differ with respect to their short chain branch content has been studied. Measurements carried out over a wide range of temperatures have shown that there is a sudden transition in the behavior of the yield stress at a temperature which is dependent on both the grade of material and the applied strain rate. These results are in agreement with previous results found from analysis of the yield strain behavior. Above the transition temperature the materials all behave in a nonlinear viscoelastic manner, and the yield process is considered as being propagation controlled. Below the transition temperature the materials all behave in an elastic-plastic manner, and the yield process is considered as being nucleation controlled. Below the transition temperature the temperature dependence of the yield stress is determined by the thickness of the crystalline lamellae. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36: 2177–2189, 1998