抗流感药达菲(Tamiflu)合成纵览

流行性感冒是由流感病毒引起的呼吸道疾病, 传染性很强、对人类健康构成实质性的威胁. 由于流感病毒多变, 临床上用于治疗流感的药物到目前为止仅有“达菲”等有限的几种. 本文将文献中已有报道的“达菲”的合成路线汇总并进行简要的综述.     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定蛋黄卵磷脂的含量

建立了蛋黄磷脂中卵磷脂（即磷脂酰胆碱,PC)的高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测（HPLC-ELSD）的测定方法。以Nov a-Pak Silica 60A硅胶柱(3.9 mm i.d.×150 mm,4 μm)为分离柱,正己烷-异丙醇-3%冰醋酸水溶液(体积比为35∶65 ∶8)为流动相，等度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃。蒸发光散射检测器漂移管温度50 ℃,雾化气(空气)压力350 kPa。在上述条件下测得PC在0.16~1.61 g/L范围内线性关系良好(r2=0.9979),检测限为0.64 μg,方法的精密度为3.2%(n=5),回收率为98.2%~128.2%。将该方法用于实际样品的测定,获得了令人满意的结果。该方 法预处理简单,分析速度快,可用于蛋黄磷脂中卵磷脂的测定。     

Eu3+和Al3+离子对DPPC人工膜脂双层主相变温度的影响

天然生物膜组成复杂,直接用于研究困难较大.由于天然生物膜中脂分子的行为与人工脂双层膜的行为十分类似,故我们用单一磷脂制备人工脂双层膜来研究金属离子对其主相变温度的影响.     

熊胆中磷脂类化合物的等梯度高效液相色谱法分离分析

摘要：建立了测定熊胆中3种主要磷脂组分即磷脂酰胆碱（PC）、磷脂酰肌醇（PI）、磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）的高效液相色谱法。将熊胆风干后研成粉末,经V（氯仿）:V（甲醇）=1:4提取液处理后,在P-ESilica柱上进行HPLC分析。流动相为V（乙腈）:V（甲醇）=76:24,流速1.5mL/min,紫外检测波长205nm。PC的平均回收率为89.30％,相对标准差RSD=2.0％。在精密度实验中,PI,PC,PE保留时间的RSD分别为3.9％,1.2％,1.9％,峰面积的RSD分别为1.6％,0.89％,2.     

二乙酰一肟催化加氢反应动力学的研究

二乙酰一肟(Diacetyl monoxime,简写为DAM)均相加氢反应的产物四甲其吡嗪(Tetramethllpyrazine,简写为TMP)是一种多用广泛用作调味剂、香味剂[1],也是一种功能很强的光敏剂,并发现其可用于治疗脑血栓、冠心病、脉管炎等多种闭塞性血管疾病,现已开始用于临床[2].     

抑制型电导检测离子交换色谱法测定1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐

腺苷蛋氨酸（S-adenosyl-L-metionine,简称：SAMe,商品名：思美泰）是存在于各种生物体内的一种天然物质,它主要作为甲基供体参与各种酶促转甲基过程,并通过转巯基作为合成牛磺酸、半胱氨酸及谷胱甘肽的前体：临床上SAMe主要应用于防治肝胆疾病、胰腺炎和抑郁症。而1,4-丁烷二磺酸可为稳定的腺苷蛋氨酸盐提供反离子。目前,对于丁烷磺酸盐和直链烷基磺酸盐的测定方法很少,主要原因可能是由于该类物质普遍具有强极性,在一般的高效液相色谱固定相中保留较弱而导致分离困难;另外,其紫外吸收较弱,一般的紫外检测方法不适合用来分析该类物质。     

磷脂酰胆碱与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的FT-IR研究

利用傅立叶变换红外(FT-IR)和拉曼(FT-Raman)光谱研究了高浓度磷脂酰胆碱(PC)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用,及Eu3＋对该作用的影响.FT-IR结果显示,PC/BSA混合体系中二者的相互作用主要发生在PC头部极性基团,且这一作用随BSA含量的增加而增强,作用后蛋白质二级结构中α螺旋的比例有所增加. FT-Raman光谱说明PC与BSA的相互作用影响磷脂CH链的排列有序程度. PC/BSA/Eu3＋体系的红外光谱显示, Eu3＋与PC的磷氧键发生了强相互作用,并使蛋白α螺旋的比例进一步增加.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆中的维拉帕米

维拉帕米（Verapamil,Ver）是第一代钙离子拮抗剂,临床上主要用于心律失常、心绞痛和高血压的治疗。有关生物样品中Ver的分析方法报道较多,主要有高效液相色谱（HPLC）-紫外检测法、HPLC-荧光检测法和高效毛细管电泳法,但色谱分析时间均大于8min。最近有文献报道采用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC—MS／MS）测定人血浆中Ver及其活性代谢物去甲维拉帕米的对映异构体。本文旨在建立一种专属、快速、灵敏的LC—MS／MS用于测定人血浆中的Ver,以研究该药在体内的药代动力学特点。     

一组维生素C的性质实验

维生素C俗称抗坏血酸,在临床上用于防治坏血病的血管破裂出血,近年来还广泛用于防治感冒以及各类急慢性传染性疾病。     

气相色谱法测定多烯磷脂酰胆碱注射液中的苯甲醇

建立了多烯磷脂酰胆碱注射液中苯甲醇含量的测定方法。 采用毛细管气相色谱法,以环己醇作为内标物,使用AT.SE-54毛细管色谱柱,程序升温,N2为载气,不分流进样模式,氢火焰离子化检测器（FID）检测。 结果表明苯甲醇在0.01~20.0 g/L范围内峰面积与内标峰面积的比值与其质量浓度呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9997）,平均加样回收率为99.7%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.07%。 该方法简便,准确,重现性好,精密度高,适用于多烯磷脂酰胆碱注射液中苯甲醇含量的测定,为同类药物的质量控制提供了实验依据。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.