Formation of Infrared Femtosecond Laser Induced Colour Centres in Tb^3＋－Doped and Tb^3＋／Ce^3＋－Codoped Heavy Germanate Glasses and Tb3＋／Ce3＋－Codoped Heavy Germanate Glasses ＊

The formation of infrared femtosecond laser induced colour centres was observed in Tb^3 -doped and Tb^3 /Ce^3 -codoped heavy germanate glasses. A rectangular scan was made by focusing the laser beam inside the glasssamples. A three-dimensional yellowish block was created from the path and it corresponded to the appearanceof broad absorption bands in the absorption spectra. The irradiation induced absorption coefficient μ(λ) wasused to characterize the distribution of radiation induced colour centres in the samples, whose peak was locatedat 380 nm and extended to the longer wavelength. Ce^3 ions were found not only to inhibit the formation ofcolour centres, but also to enhance the recovery.     

Laser Characteristics of Cladding-Pumped Short Er^3＋/yb^3＋ Codoped Single Mode Phosphate Glass Fibre

We experimentally investigate the laser characteristics of a series of short pieces of newly-developed Er^3＋/ Yb^3＋ codoped single mode phosphate glass fibres via the cladding pump of a 976nm multimode laser diode. A stable continuous-wave single transverse mode laser with over 85 m W at 1553nm is generated from a 5.5-em-long active fibre. Single mode laser output power per unit length is up to 15 mW/cm. Moreover, the slope efficiency is 11.8% when the pump power is below 940mW and the 3dB linewidth is 0.06nm at the maximum pump power. The numerical simulation results show that the laser emission slope efficiency can exceed 20% by means of increasing the coupling efficiency of the pump to the fibre core further.     

Efficient Fibre Amplifiers Based on a Highly Er3＋/Yb3＋ Codoped Phosphate Glass-Fibre

Highly Er3＋ /yb3＋-codoped single-mode phosphate glass fibre is fabricated by the rod-in-tube technique. The performances of high-concentration Er3＋ /yb3＋-codoped phosphate glass fibre amplifiers are investigated and discussed. An efficient optical fibre amplifier with a gain of 12.6 dB based on a 3.0 cm long Era＋ /ybe＋-codoped phosphate glass fibre is demonstrated under a dual-pump configuration with two 976 nm fibre-pigtail laser diodes, which make it attractive for compact Er3＋-doped fibre amplifiers. The obtedned noise figures of signal wavelength from 1525 to 1565nm are less than 6.0dB. Gain saturation behaviour at 1535nm is also investigated, and the obtained saturation output power is larger than 10 dBm.     

Spectroscopic properties in Er3＋/yb3＋ Co-doped fluorophosphate glass

Using the technique of high-temperature melting, a new Er3＋/Yb3＋ co-doped fluorophosphate glass was prepared. The absorption and fluorescence spectra were investigated in depth. The effect of Er3＋ and Yb3＋ concentration on the spectroscopic properties of the glass sample was also discussed. According to the Judd Ofelt theory, the oscillator strength was computed. The lifetime of 4113/2 level （t-m） of Er3＋ ions was 8.23 ms, and the full width at half maximum of the dominating emission peak was 68 nm at 1.53 μm. The large stimulated emission cross section of the Er3＋ was calculated by the McCumher theory. The spectroscopic properties of Er3＋ ion were compared with those in different glasses. The full width at half maximum and σe are larger than those of other glass hosts, indicating this studied glass may be a potentially useful candidate for high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier.     

Determination of energy constants for Yb3＋/Er3＋ transfer and upconversion codoped phosphate glass

The energy transfer and cooperation upconversion processes are investigated in Yb3＋/Er3＋ codoped phos- phate glass. Based on the measured curves of output power versus incident power, the laser and spectroscopic parameters of the glass are fitted and analyzed. We focus on the resonant energy transfer constant k from Yb3＋ to Er3＋ as well as the cooperation upconversion coefficient Cup from 4113/2 of Era＋. The fitted k and Cup can give almost the same results for different thicknesses of glass disk with the same dop- ing concentrations. The determination of these parameters is helpful for the development of Yb3＋/Er3＋ codoped laser glass.     

Abnormal Visible Luminescence Mechanism of Tb^3＋-Yb^3＋ Codoped SiOu-Al2O3-CaF2 Glass Studied by Time-Resolved Spectra

The upconversion energy transfer mechanism in Tb^3＋-Yb^3＋ co-doped SiO2-Al2O3-CaF2 glass is investigated by time-resolved spectra. The effect of donor ion Yb^3＋ is involved in the dynamic decay behavior of acceptor ion Tb^3＋, which provides direct proof for the energy transfer from Yb^3＋ to Tb^3＋. The pump power dependence curves show that the upconversion luminescence is a two-photon process. The measured decay curves of the 5D4 state （Tb^3＋） contain two parts： a slow decay process corresponding to its radiation, and a fast one with a decay parameter approximately twice the lifetime of the ^2F5/2 state （Yb^3＋ ）. The fast decay process is contradictory to the generally accepted cooperative sensitization upconversion rate equation model. Since the effect of the host environmental is excluded by comparative experiments, we believe that there should be another energy transfer mechanism in Tb^3＋-Yb^3＋ co-doped SiO2-Al2O3-CaF2 glass in addition to the cooperative sensitization process.     

稀土离子(Eu3+,Tb3+,Ce3+)掺杂ZnAl2O4/SiO2微晶玻璃的制备与发光性能

采用凝胶法分别制备出4.5ZnO-5.5Al2 O3-90SiO2 (ZAS)以及ZAS∶ RE3+(RE=Eu,Tb,Ce)透明微晶玻璃.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和荧光光谱仪(PL)等测试手段,研究了稀土离子掺杂浓度对ZAS微晶玻璃的结构和发光性能的影响.XRD结果表明,ZAS∶ RE3+(RE=Eu,Tb,Ce)微晶玻璃包含ZnAl2 O4晶相和SiO2非晶相,ZnAl2 O4平均晶粒尺寸约为30 nm,稀土离子的掺杂没有显著改变原来的ZnAl2O4晶体结构.TEM结果表明,900℃时ZnAl2O4从ZAS体系中析出.PL光谱显示,Eu3+存在5 D0→7F2跃迁,ZAS∶Eu3+在611 nm处发出强烈的红色光;由于Tb3+的5D4→7E跃迁,ZAS∶ Tb3+在541 nm处发出明亮的绿色光;ZAS∶ Ce3+在381 nm处显示了蓝光发射,对应于Ce3的5d→4f轨道跃迁.ZAS∶RE3+(RE =Eu,Tb,Ce)的PL发射光谱存在着浓度猝灭现象,Eu3+、Tb3+和Ce3+的最佳单掺杂摩尔分数分别为20％、20％和3％.CIE色度图表明,ZAS∶ RE3+(RE=Eu,Tb,Ce)的色坐标分别位于红光、绿光和蓝光区域.实验结果表明,ZAS∶RE3+(RE=Eu,Tb,Ce)微晶玻璃是一种良好的可用于全色显示的白光LED材料.     

Emission enhancement in Er^3＋/Pr^3＋-codoped germanate glasses and their use as a 2.7-μm laser material

Emission enhancement at 2.7 μm is observed in Er^3＋/Pr^3＋--codoped germanate glasses when pumped by a 980-nm laser diode. Significant reductions in 1.5-μm emission and upeonversion intensity indicate efficient energy transfer between Er^3＋ and Pr^3＋; the energy transfer efficiency is as high as 77.4%. The mechanisms of energy transfer are discussed in detail. The calculated emission cross-section of Er^3＋/Pr^3＋- codoped germanate glass is 8.44× 10 ^-21 cm^2, which suggests that Er^3＋/Pr^3＋-codoped germanate glass can be used to achieve efficient 2.7-μm emission.     

Spectroscopic properties and energy transfer processes in Er3＋/Nd3＋ co-doped tellurite glass for 2.7-μm laser materials

Intense 2.7-μm emissions are obtained from Er³⁺/Nd³⁺ co-doped tellurite glass samples under the 808-nm laser diode excitation.According to the absorption spectra,Judd-Ofelt parameters and radiative transition probabilities are calculated and analyzed using the Judd-Ofelt theory.The spectroscopic properties and energy transfer mechanism between Er³⁺ and Nd³⁺ are analyzed.The effects of OH^- content on the spectroscopic properties of Er³⁺/Nd³⁺ co-doped samples are discussed.The obtained results indicate that Er³⁺/Nd³⁺ co-doped tellurite glass can significantly develop optical properties of 2.7-μm emission,if OH^- exoups can be effectivelv eliminated.     

Decay of the Ce3+ luminescence of LaMgAl11O19 : Ce3+ and of CeMgAl11O19 activated with Tb3+ or Eu3+

Decay measurements have been performed on the Ce³⁺ luminescence of LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉ : Ce³⁺ and of CeMgAl₁₁O₁₉ activated with Tb³⁺. For all samples, the decay was found to be nearly exponential over at least two decades, and the decay time constant was practically the same, being ≈20 ns. From these results and from quantum efficiency data of the Ce³⁺ luminescence, conclusions are drawn about the various energy transfers and quenching interactions occurring in these compounds.     

Diffusion-limited energy transfer from Tb3+ → Nd3+ and Tb3+ → Ho3+ in DMSO

The energy transfer phenomenon has been studied from Tb³⁺ → Nd³⁺ and Tb³⁺ → Ho³⁺ in DMSO. A diffusion limited dipole-dipole mechanism of energy transfer is suggested for both systems. At high acceptor concentrations, P_da depends linearly on C² consistent with the Fong and Diestler theory of energy transfer. However, at low acceptor concentrations the observations of time evolutions of Tb³⁺ luminescence decay following flash excitation has enabled us to examine diffusion limited energy transfer from Tb³⁺ to Nd³⁺ and Tb³⁺ to Ho³⁺ in DMSO.     

Eu~(2+)-Yb~(3+)共掺磷酸盐玻璃中的合作能量传递(英文)

报道了在Eu2+-Yb3+共掺磷酸盐中,一个紫外光子(320nm)通过下转换发光变成两个近红外光子(约1 000nm)的现象.测试了不同样品的吸收、激发和发射光谱,证明了在本玻璃体系中量子剪裁现象的存在;Eu2+离子5d-4f能级发光的衰减曲线证明Eu2+到Yb3+之间的合作能量传递;用I-H理论模型拟合衰减曲线说明了能量传递的过程.最后计算出了能量传递的效率,当Yb3+浓度为1.0mol%时效率为23.05%,当其增加到2.0mol%时,能量传递效率提高到了53.6%.     

Er^3＋ and Yb^3＋ Codoped Phosphate Laser Glass for High Power Flashlamp Pumping

A novel yb^3＋-Er^3＋ codoped phosphate glass for high power flashlamp pumping and high repetition rate laser at 1.54μm, designated EAT5-2, is developed. The weight-loss rate of is 1.3 × 10^-5 gcm^-2h^-1 in boiling water, which is comparable to Kigre＇s QX-Er glass. Some spectroscopic parameters are analysed by Judd-Ofelt theory and McCumber theory. The emission cross section is calculated to be 0.73 × 10^-20 cm^2. The thermo-mechanical properties of EAT5-2 are modified after an ion-exchange chemical strengthening process in a KNO3/NaNO3 molten salt bath. The thresholds for optical damage from the flashlamp pumping are tested on glass rods. A repetition rate of 15 Hz is achieved for chemically strengthened glass. The laser experimental results at 1.54 μm from flashlamp pumping are also reported.     

Characteristics of Cladding-Pumped Short Er3+/Yb3+ Codoped Single Mode Phosphate Glass Fibre

We experimentally investigate the laser characteristics of a series of short pieces of newly-developed Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ codoped single mode phosphate glass fibres via the cladding pump of a 976nm multimode laser diode. A stablecontinuous-wave single transverse mode laser with over 85mW at 1553nm is generated from a 5.5-cm-long active fibre. Single mode laser output power per unit length is up to 15mW/cm. Moreover, the slope efficiency is 11.8% when the pump power is below 940mW and the 3dB linewidth is 0.06nm at the maximum pump power. The numerical simulation results show that the laser emission slope efficiency can exceed 20% by means of increasing the coupling efficiency of the pump to the fibre core further.     

Concentration dependence of the Ce3+ and Tb3+ luminescence of Ce1-xTbxMgAl11O19

The quenching of the Ce³⁺ emission and the increase of the Tb³⁺ emission with increasing x of Ce_1-xTb_xMgAl₁₁O₁₉ for x ? 0.35 is ascribed to energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Tb³⁺, which is restricted to nearest rare earth neighbours. This transfer is almost complete at x ? 0.35. The decrease of the Tb³⁺ emission at higher Tb³⁺ concentrations is not due to Tb³⁺ concentrational quenching, but due to the limited solubility of Tb³⁺ in the CeMgAl₁₁O₁₉ phase.     

Crystal field measurement for Tb3+ in gold

The crystal field parameters for 0.01 at.% Tb³⁺ in gold have been determined by gamma-ray anisotropy measurements as a function of magnetic field. The values of the parameters are X = 0.90 ± 0.01 and W = -0.19 ± 0.002 K.     

Synthesis and characterization of monodisperse spherical core-shell structured SiO2@Y3Al5O12:Ce3+/Tb3+ phosphors for field emission displays

Nanocrystalline Y₃Al₅O₁₂: Ce³⁺/Tb³⁺ (average crystalline size 30 nm) phosphor layers were coated on non-aggregated, monodisperse and spherical SiO₂ particles by the sol-gel method, resulting in the formation of core-shell structured SiO₂@Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺/Tb³⁺ particles. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence, cathodoluminescence spectra, as well as lifetimes were utilized to characterize the core-shell structured SiO₂@Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺/Tb³⁺ phosphor particles. The obtained core-shell structured phosphors consist of well-dispersed submicron spherical particles with a narrow size distribution. The thickness of the Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺/Tb³⁺ shells on the SiO₂ cores (average size about 500 nm, crystalline size about 30 nm) could be easily tailored by varying the number of deposition cycles (100 nm for four deposition cycles). Under the excitation of ultraviolet and low-voltage electron beams (1–3 kV), the core-shell SiO₂@Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺/Tb³⁺ particles show strong yellow-green and green emission corresponding to the 5d–4f emission of Ce³⁺ and ⁵D₄–⁷F _J (J = 6, 5, 4, 3) emission of Tb³⁺, respectively. These phosphors may have potential application in field emission displays.