MCM-41/SBA-15中孔分子筛对生物质热解油的催化裂解研究

以中孔MCM 41/SBA 15分子筛作催化剂,对不同条件下快速热解得到的木屑热解蒸气进行催化裂解,采用元素分析、凝胶色谱(s.e.c.)和气质联用（GC MS）等手段表征。结果表明,同未加催化剂比较,分子筛MCM 41/SBA 15的存在可使热解液体中氧的质量分数降低,长链化合物所占比例明显减小,其中SBA 15作催化剂比MCM 41作催化剂对热解蒸气裂解更容易得到接近柴油和汽油分子量的热解油,但芳香类化合物的质量分数明显增加。热解油中Pentadecane、Hexadecane、Dimethyjbenzene、Naphthalene等质量分数增加,而含氧类物质Methyl Phenol、2 Methoxy 4 Methyl Phenol、2 Methoxy 4 Propyl Phenol 等质量分数减少。     

SO42-/ZrO2酸性及其催化液化性能研究

通过沉淀 浸渍法制备了一系列SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸催化剂,利用NH3-TPD、FT-IR及间歇式高压加氢实验考察了SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸的酸性和催化液化性能。对SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸的结构进行了XRD、BET及TG/DTA表征。结果表明,SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸表面酸中心强度呈非均一化、连续分布,中强酸是SO4 2－/ZrO2主要的酸中心;煤液化反应中,SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸催化作用主要表现为催化裂解,酸中心越强,催化活性越高;提高SO4 2－/ZrO2焙烧温度,有利于提高酸中心强度及强酸中心分布、增大煤的转化率;650℃焙烧3h ,SO4 2－/ZrO2催化活性最高,煤液化转化率达到76.77%。     

自制Ti/W-MCM-41介孔分子筛催化制备乳酸戊酯

采用自制的介孔分子筛Ti/W-MCM-41催化乳酸与正戊醇的酯化反应,合成了乳酸正戊酯;利用红外光谱仪分析了催化剂的化学特征,考察了分子筛的WO3质量分数、催化剂用量、醇酸物质的量比、反应时间、催化剂重复使用性能等因素对目标产物酯化率的影响.结果表明,在nSi∶nTi=30∶1,WO3质量分数10%,550℃下焙烧6h条件下制得的催化剂具有良好的催化性能;其催化合成乳酸正戊酯适宜的反应条件为:0.2mol乳酸,催化剂用量0.5g,n(正戊醇)∶n(乳酸)=1.6∶1,反应时间100min,酯化率可达94.4%.该催化剂使用7次酯化率仍可达86.6%.     

SO42-促进的中孔含锆分子筛催化合成乙酸松油酯的研究

合成了中孔含锆分子筛Zr-MCM-41，用H2SO4对Zr-MCM-41进行修饰，得到SO4^2-促进的中孔含锆分子筛SO4^2-／Zr-MCM-41．通过XRD、FT—IR表征了其结构．结果表明：Zr—MCM-41和SO4^2-／Zr—MCM-41具有中孔分子筛的特征结构、良好的长程有序性和结晶度；SO4^2-已进入Zr—MCM-41骨架内部，并与骨架原子形成了化学键，从而产生强酸中心，将SO4^2-／Zr—MCM-41用于催化合成乙酸松油酯，考察了催化剂的种类、反应温度、反应时间及反应物配比对松油醇酯化反应结果的影响．     

新型中孔分子筛——MCM—41的合成及表征

由于分子筛的独特结晶结构及分子结构,近十五年来,关于沸石及分子筛的设计、合成、表征及其应用的研究剧增。ＭＣＭ－４１问世以前,沸石主要处于微孔范围,由于几何约束及一些相关因素,微孔分子筛在涉及大体积分子的催化过程中存在一定的局限性,１９８２年,含１４元...     

高纯度中孔分子筛MCM—41的合成与表征

用不同ｐＨ值的混合制备了不同孔径的全硅ＭＣＭ－４１和不同金属离子取代的Ｍ－ＭＣＭ－４１（Ｍ－Ａｌ,Ｍｎ,Ｆｅ和Ｖ）分子筛。这些试样均呈现ＭＣＭ－４１的Ｘ射线粉末笛射特征峰和Ⅳ型氮气吸附等温线,但混有不同含量的无定形氧化硅。样品中ＭＣＭ－４１晶体的含量与溶胶的ｐＨ值和所用表面活性剂的碳链链长有关,骨架硅的金属离子取代降低了ＭＣＭ－４１的有序度,并且（１００）面衍射峰强度从Ａｌ到Ｖ依次减弱。     

中孔分子筛MCM-41形成机理的考察

MCM－41分子筛是九十年代初期美国Mobil公司开发的一种新型中孔（mesoporous）材料[1]．它以C8－C16季俊碱表面活性剂作为模板剂水热法合成，具有2－10nm的孔径，孔道六方有序排列，高比表面和高吸附容量，中等酸性和稳定性，是一种有潜在应用前景的吸附和催化材料．目前，关于     

中孔分子筛MCM-41的合成与表征

以白炭黑和正硅酸乙酯为硅源,十二、十六烷基三甲基铵为模板剂,用水热法和室温直接法合成出中孔分子筛MCM-41,考察了对合成的影响因素,用红外光谱、吸附、孔分布、热分析等手段对这两种产物进行了表征。结果表明:这种分子筛可以在很宽的配比范围内获得,但较高水硅比更有利于合成;在水硅比较低的体系中得到了一种类MCM-41中孔相(亦应属于MCM-41),其XRD衍射峰较宽,2θ角度偏低,具有类似于无定形硅铝酸盐的骨架结构。     

SO42-/ZrO2和SO42-/Al2O3-ZrO2催化剂上的正戊烷反应

研究了添加Al对SO₄^2-/ZrO₂超强酸样品的晶化、比表面、硫含量、超强酸性和正戊烷反应性能的影响,考察了活化温度、反应温度、Al含量和载Pt对催化剂活性和选择性的影响.SO₄^2-/Al₂O₃ZrO₂催化剂的酸强度与SO₄^2-/ZrO₂基本相当,但超强酸位比后者多,未载Pt时正戊烷反应活性和稳定性明显高于后者.负载Pt后,正戊烷异构化选择性和稳定性大大提高,但Pt/SO₄^2-/Al₂O₃ZrO₂催化剂的反应活性与Pt/SO₄^2-/ZrO₂相近,Al的促进作用不明显.     

中空介孔硅铝球形分子筛的制备及催化裂解性能

利用沸石前驱体溶液和介孔硅球(MSS)为原料,通过水热法成功制备了具有中强酸性介孔壳的中空介孔硅铝球形分子筛(HMAS)。利用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、N2-吸脱附、27Al核磁共振(27Al NMR)及NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)对材料的结构和性能进行了表征。研究结果表明,在MSS的中空过程中伴随有物质再分配和介孔结构的逐渐演变。MSS介孔孔道中的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)分子,一方面保护MSS免遭强碱性沸石前驱体溶液的溶蚀,另一方面作为形成HMAS介孔壳层的模板剂。在此CTAB分子的作用下,沸石前驱体结构单元被引入到HMAS的介孔球壳上。所得材料具有介孔结构和中强酸性,在催化裂解1,3,5-三异丙苯反应中表现出优异的催化性能。     

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of Zr-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves and Pt/H3PW12O40/Zr-MCM-41 catalysts

For the first time, modifications of the surface and framework of Si-MCM-41 by depositing a heteropolyacid on the surface and by introducing foreign Zr⁴⁺ ions into the framework are investigated. The Zr-modified Si-MCM-41 mesoporous materials (hereafter referred as WSZn, n=Si/Zr=25, 15, 8, 4) were synthesized through a surfactant-templated preparation approach, using low-cost fumed silica as the Si precursor. After impregnation with 25 wt% of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀, the surface Brönsted acidity of the Pt/H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/WSZn catalysts was greatly enhanced by 2-10 times relative to the bare WSZn support. Two kinds of supported heteropolyacids were formed: (i) bulk-like heteropolyacid crystals with unchanged Keggin structures, and (ii) highly dispersed heteropolyacid with distorted Keggin units. The formation of various kinds of heteropolyacid structures is closely related to the interaction between the heteropolyanions and the hydroxyl groups in the host support.     

催化精馏专用填料型固体酸SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al的研究

为了研制催化精馏专用催化剂,采用铝阳极氧化法制备了Al2O3-Al一体型载体,并将活性固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2引入到Al2O3-Al上,得到一种新型催化精馏专用填料式固体酸SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al催化剂.利用XRD、 SEM、 BET、 XPS、 NH3-TPD等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,所制得的阳极氧化铝膜厚为56 μm, SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al固体酸具有比表面积大、酸强度适中的特点.XRD结果表明, ZrO2在Al2O3-Al上处于高度分散状态.将该固体酸用于乙酸/乙醇酯化反应中,显示出较高的催化活性,且稳定性较好.     

制备工艺条件对SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-Al固体酸催化剂性能影响

采用铝阳极氧化法制备了Al2O3-Al-体型多孔氧化铝载体,再采用电沉积技术将TiO2沉积到氧化铝多孔的纳米孔道内,制备了催化精馏专用SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-Al型固体酸催化剂,并以乙酸乙酯合成为模型反应,考察了水封条件,电沉积电压、电沉积时间等制备工艺条件对催化剂活性的影响.实验结果表明,适宜的制备条件为水封温度为50℃,水封时间为1 h,电沉积电压为6V,电沉积时间为30 min,在此制备条件下,醋酸转化率为31.34%.采用扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射分析(XRD)手段对所制备催化剂进行了表征.结果表明:阳极氧化铝膜的结构为无定型结构,TiO2在载体上呈高度分散状态.     

分子筛超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/USY催化合成胡萝卜酸乙酯的研究

以USY分子筛为载体,采用共沉淀-浸渍法制备分子筛超强酸SO42-/Ti O2/USY,用其催化丙二酸、无水乙醇合成胡萝卜酸乙酯。考察了不同反应时间、带水剂种类、带水剂用量、醇酸比、催化剂用量、催化剂重复使用性等因素对反应酯化率的影响。结果表明:在丙二酸用量为0.1mol,醇酸摩尔比为3.1:1,催化剂用量为1.0g,反应时间为3h,带水剂环已烷用量为5m L时,酯化率达到92.13%,催化剂重复使用5次以后仍然有很高的活性。说明SO42-/Ti O2/USY对该反应具有很强且极稳定的催化活性。     

在SO42-/ZrO2 上苯与丙烯的烷基化反应

Super acidic catalyst SO42-/ZrO2 was prepared and characterized by XRD,IR,and Py-IR. Selectively catalytic gas phase flow reactions of benzene and propene over the catalyst were carried out in a made-to-measure high pressure flow reactor with a thermometer and a condenser. The benzene and propene were kept in pressure tanks at 8 : 1 ratio with N2 gas at 4. 0 MPa. The reactants were pumped into the quantifier where the pressure was maintained by N2 gas at 8. 0 MPa. They were then pumped into the reaction reactor using catalytic synthesis of isopropyl benzene. The collected liquid phase products were analyzed using GC-MS. Product analyses were carried out on SE-54. The effect of the preparative condition on the catalytic synthesis of isopropyl benzene over the catalysts has been tested. The result shows that the SO42-/ZrO2 can be used as a catalyst for the title reaction,and shows higher conversion（99.2%）for the propene and higher selectivity（93.3%）for the isopropyl benzene when the catalyst is preparated in some condition.     

制备条件及添加稀土对SO42- /ZrO2 -Al2O3固体超强酸酸性影响的研究

用共沉淀法制备了SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3固体超强酸,并采用低温陈化和添加稀土La对其制备方法进行改进.通过样品催化正丁烷异构化反应考察了该固体超强酸中nZr和nAl的最佳配比为1∶ 2.该法制备的样品的IR显示,在1393 cm-1处的吸收峰强度较常温陈化样品大大增加.XRD分析表明,低温陈化和加入稀土添加剂的样品在650℃焙烧温度下,出现了亚稳态的ZrO2 四方晶相的晶体是表面酸性和催化活性增加的微观原因.样品催化合成八乙酸蔗糖酯反应结果同样证明,在相同的时间内,低温陈化和添加稀土添加剂的样品具有较好的催化活性.     

Preparation and Catalytic Activity of SO42-/TiO-La2O3 in Synthesis of Butyl Butyrate

Butyl butyrate is a very important compound, which is transparent liquid and has the pear,apple flavor. Natural exist is in the fruit, such as apple, pear, banana, grape and strawberry, etc.Primarily used for to prepare the edible spice and is also widely used in industrial intermediate product, solvent and synthetic perfumery. Until now, there are many methods to synthesize it.Conventionally H2SO4 was reported, but it causes many problems, such as the erosion of equipment,easily causes the vice-reaction, difficulty for after-treatment, environment pollution etc. A new environmentally friendly catalyst, SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 was prepared. And catalytic activity of catalyst in esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol with SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 as catalyst has been no report up to now. Therefore, studying on the synthetic catalyst has theoretical and practical significances. The catalytic activity of catalyst in esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol was measured.In this paper, we fast reported the preparation of SO42-/riO2-La2O3 and discussed the factors influencing the synthesis catalyst. The catalyst rare earth solid superacid SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 was The precipitate was filtered and washed thoroughly with distilled water until chloride ions were free.furnace at 480 ℃ for 3 h, and finally stored in a desiccator until use.The factors influencing the synthesis were discussed and the best conditions were found out. The experiment indicated that this catalyst has the following advantage. The amount of catalyst was little and getting high yield, its product has a good quanlity and is favour of reducing erosion of equipment, avoiding environment pollution. The optimum conditions are: molar ratio of n-butanoic acid to n-butyl alcohol was 1:1.5, the quantity of catalyst was equal to 1.5% of feed stocks, the reaction temperature was 93-114 ℃, and the reaction time was 1.0 h. Rare earth solid superacid SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 is an excellent catalyst for synthetizing butyl butyrate and its yield can reach over 90.0%.A good catalyst should be able to be used repeatedly. The reusing of the catalyst was studied. We found that the catalytic activities of our catalyst are almost unchanged after it had been used five times. From the above results and discussion, we can see that the synthesis of n-butyl butyrate by SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 instead of H2SO4 has a great prospect of application. It has a good applied foreground.     

铝镧修饰MCM-41介孔分子筛的合成、表征及在乙氧基化反应中的催化性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,乙二胺为碱性介质,水热法合成了硅铝、硅镧及硅(铝 镧)摩尔比为30的Al-MCM-41、La-MCM-41和Al-La-MCM-41介孔分子筛,通过XRD、IR、NH3-TPD吸附脱附、BET、热分析及CCl4吸附等方法对分子筛的晶体结构和表面物性进行了研究,XRD及BET研究结果表明,所合成的分子筛具有典型的六方介孔结构特征及较大的比表面积.NH3-TPD结果表明所合成的介孔分子筛均达到中强酸酸度.将Al-MCM-41、La-MCM-41和Al-La-MCM-41分别用于催化乙氧基化反应,研究结果表明Al-La-MCM-41具有更高的催化活性,Al-La-MCM-41为正辛醇质量的5%,反应温度为120℃,反应压力0.2MPa,n(醇)∶n(环氧乙烷)=1∶3时,正辛醇聚氧乙烯醚产品的收率达92%.     

Acetalation and Ketalation Catalyzed by SO42-/TiO2-MoO3

The catalytic activities of SO42-/TiO2-MoO3 in synthesizing cyclohexanone ethylene ketal,cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal, 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane,2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane, butanone ethy-lene ketal and butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal were reported. It has been demonstrated that SO42-/TiO2-MoO3 is an excellent catalyst. Various factors concerned in this reaction have been investigated. The optimum conditions have been found, that is, the molar ratio of aldehyde/ketone to alcohol was 1:1.5 or 1:1.3,the mass ratio of the catalyst used to the reactants was 0.25～1.5%, and the reaction time was 45～60 min. Under this conditions, the yield of cyclohexanone ethylene ketal is 82.7%, cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 83.4%, the yield of 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane is 68.1%,4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane is 87.5%, the yield of 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane is 70.7%,4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane is 82.5%, the yield of butanone ethylene ketal is 74.1%, and butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 94.9%.Some equation and experiment results concerned of the synthetic acetals or ketals were listed as follows.