具有态守恒赝隙的光子晶体中两能级原子自发辐射的增强与抑制

论证了在赝带隙光子晶体中存在一个全频率域态总数守恒规则，在完全带隙光子晶体中还存在一个局域态总数守恒规则.态总数守恒规则指出，如果一个光子晶体的态密度在某些频率范围存在相对于等效介质态密度的谷，则一定由其他频率范围内相对于等效介质态密度的峰来补偿.使用符合态总数守恒规则的态密度模型，解释了态密度调制导致的自发辐射谱增强、抑制、变窄、红移、蓝移以及谱分裂等光子晶体中的量子光学现象.该理论比较适合研究在具有赝带隙的光子晶体中大量随机分布的发光原子或分子的自发辐射行为. 关键词： 光子晶体 自发辐射 态密度 光子赝带隙     

The Klein-Gordon and the Dirac Oscillators in a Noncommutative Space

We study the Dirac and the Klein-Gordon oscillators in a noncommutative space. It is shown that the Klein-Gordon oscillator in a noncommutative space has a similar behaviour to the dynamics of a particle in a commutative space and in a constant magnetic field. The Dirac oscillator in a noncommutative space has a similar equation to the equation of motion for a relativistic fermion in a commutative space and in a magnetic field, however a new exotic term appears, which implies that a charged fermion in a noncommutative space has an electric dipole moment.     

Stability in ecological microcosm

In attempt to clarify the significance of interspecific interactions in evolutionary ecology, the growth characteristics of bacterial populations sampled from ecological microcosms which act as fairly realistic models of natural ecosystems were investigated, with a particular emphasis on the ability of a system to remain reasonably stable in the genetic composition in spite of the occurrences of various mutants from native strains. Newly-emerged mutants in a community are inhibited in their multiplication, or excluded by a network of many elementary interactions between the different species of the populations, thus preserving the traits of the parental strains in a community. The interactions in the form of a network may be viewed as evidence for a maintenance of stability in a community.     

非完整映射理论与刚体定点转动的几何描述

利用非完整映射方法,从一个已知Riemann空间构造一个嵌入其中的Riemann-Cartan空间.作为特例,研究从Euclidean空间构造Weitzenbock空间的方法.基于dAlembert-Lagrange原理和非完整映射,将一个Riemann空间的测地线对应于另一个Riemann-Cartan空间的自平行线.把这种非完整映射理论应用到刚体定点转动问题上,得到了刚体运动的欧拉方程是欧拉角描述的Riemann位形空间的测地线方程,而在刚体角速度对应的准坐标空间上是常挠率Riemann-Cartan空间的自平行线方程的结论. 关键词： 欧拉角 非完整映射 Riemann-Cartan空间 自平行线     

Exergy analysis of ramjet

An exergy analysis of possible regimes of energy supply to the air flow in the ramjet duct is carried out. A condition for the supply of a given heat amount to supersonic flow and a condition of the passage across the sound velocity are obtained for a duct with variable cross-sectional area. An analysis of the flow in a model ramjet duct at a pulsed-periodic energy supply is carried out. For a clear demonstration of possible schemes of heat supply in such a duct, a diagram in the temperature-exergy coordinates is proposed. A duct configuration in which the heat supply to supersonic flow is realized with regard for the limitation of the gas static temperature is proposed.     

Localized States of an Excess Electron in an Ionic Cluster

A theory of an electron affinity for an ionic cluster is proposed both in a quasiclassical approach and with quantization of a polarization electric field in a nanoparticle. A critical size of the cluster regarding in formation of an electron's autolocalized state, dependencies of energy and radius of a polaron on a cluster's size are obtained by a variational method. It has been found that binding energy of the electron in the cluster depends on a cluster's radius but a radius of electron's auto-localization does not depend on the cluster's radius and it equals to the polaron radius in a corresponding infinity crystal. A bound state of the electron in a cluster is possible only if the cluster's radius is more than the polaron radius.     

Two-time scale subordination in physical processes with long-term memory

We describe dynamical processes in continuous media with a long-term memory. Our consideration is based on a stochastic subordination idea and concerns two physical examples in detail. First we study a temporal evolution of the species concentration in a trapping reaction in which a diffusing reactant is surrounded by a sea of randomly moving traps. The analysis uses the random-variable formalism of anomalous diffusive processes. We find that the empirical trapping-reaction law, according to which the reactant concentration decreases in time as a product of an exponential and a stretched exponential function, can be explained by a two-time scale subordination of random processes. Another example is connected with a state equation for continuous media with memory. If the pressure and the density of a medium are subordinated in two different random processes, then the ordinary state equation becomes fractional with two-time scales. This allows one to arrive at the Bagley-Torvik type of state equation.     

The equivalence of ensembles for lattice systems: Some examples and a counterexample

We describe the problem of the equivalence of ensembles at the level of states for classical lattice systems. We discuss circumstances where the vanishing of the specific information gain of a sequence of microcanonical measures with respect to a sequence of grand canonical measures implies the equivalence of ensembles. We give a simple derivation of a criterion for the vanishing of the specific information gain in terms of thermodynamic functions. The proof uses ideas from the theory of large deviations but is self-contained. We show how the criterion works in a simple model of a paramagnet and in the Ising model of a ferromagnet in any dimension but fails in the case of the Curie-Weiss mean-field model.     

单电子在含有双能级原子的空腔中的输运行为

本文构造了一个含有双能级原子的空腔系统,用来模拟一个含有双能级量子点的微腔系统, 并研究其对电子输运行为的影响.通过对该系统输运方程的求解,给出了系统输运系数的具体表达式,然后通过调整空腔及原子的本征特性以及两者的耦合性质,研究了电子在腔体中的输运行为对腔体本征属性的依赖关系. 这些结果可以为如何操控电子在微观结构器件中的输运特性提供一定的理论支持.     

The shape gradient of the least-squares objective functional in optimal shape design problems of radiative heat transfer

Optimal shape design problems of steady-state radiative heat transfer are considered. The optimal shape design problem (in the three-dimensional space) is formulated as an inverse one, i.e., in the form of an operator equation of the first kind with respect to a surface to be optimized. The operator equation is reduced to a minimization problem via a least-squares objective functional. The minimization problem has to be solved numerically. Gradient minimization methods need the gradient of a functional to be minimized. In this paper the shape gradient of the least-squares objective functional is derived with the help of the shape sensitivity analysis and adjoint problem method. In practice a surface to be optimized may be (or, most likely, is to be) given in a parametric form by a finite number of parameters. In this case the objective functional is, in fact, a function in a finite-dimensional space and the shape gradient becomes an ordinary gradient. The gradient of the objective functional, in the case that the surface to be optimized is given in a finite-parametric form, is derived from the shape gradient. A particular case, that a surface to be optimized is a “two-dimensional” polyhedral one, is considered. The technique, developed in the paper, is applied to a synthetic problem of designing a “two-dimensional” radiant enclosure.     

Handedness of magnetic-dipolar modes in ferrite disks

For magnetic-dipolar modes in a ferrite, components of the magnetic flux density in a helical coordinate system are dependent on both an orientation of a gyration vector and a sign of a pitch. It gives four types of helical harmonics for magnetostatic-potential wave functions in a ferrite disk. Because of the reflection symmetry breaking, coupling between certain types of helical harmonics takes place in the reflection points. The reflection feature leads to exhibition of two types of resonances: the “right” and “left” resonances. These resonances become coupled for a ferrite disk placed in a homogeneous tangential RF magnetic field. One also observes such resonance coupling for a ferrite disk with a symmetrically oriented linear surface electrode, when this ferrite particle is placed in a homogeneous tangential RF electric field. In a cylindrical coordinate system handedness of magnetic-dipolar modes in a ferrite disk is described by spinor wave functions.     

Escape Through a Small Opening: Receptor Trafficking in a Synaptic Membrane

We model the motion of a receptor on the membrane surface of a synapse as free Brownian motion in a planar domain with intermittent trappings in and escapes out of corrals with narrow openings. We compute the mean confinement time of the Brownian particle in the asymptotic limit of a narrow opening and calculate the probability to exit through a given small opening, when the boundary contains more than one. Using this approach, it is possible to describe the Brownian motion of a random particle in an environment containing domains with small openings by a coarse grained diffusion process. We use the results to estimate the confinement time as a function of the parameters and also the time it takes for a diffusing receptor to be anchored at its final destination on the postsynaptic membrane, after it is inserted in the membrane. This approach provides a framework for the theoretical study of receptor trafficking on membranes. This process underlies synaptic plasticity, which relates to learning and memory. In particular, it is believed that the memory state in the brain is stored primarily in the pattern of synaptic weight values, which are controlled by neuronal activity. At a molecular level, the synaptic weight is determined by the number and properties of protein channels (receptors) on the synapse. The synaptic receptors are trafficked in and out of synapses by a diffusion process. Following their synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, receptors are trafficked to their postsynaptic sites on dendrites and axons. In this model the receptors are first inserted into the extrasynaptic plasma membrane and then random walk in and out of corrals through narrow openings on their way to their final destination.     

Teleportation via decay

We present a rare example of a decay mechanism playing a constructive role in quantum information processing. We show how the state of an atom trapped in a cavity can be teleported to a second atom trapped in a distant cavity by the joint detection of photon leakage from the cavities. The scheme, which is probabilistic, requires only a single three level atom in a cavity. We also show how this scheme can be modified to a teleportation with insurance.     

Position magnifying sensor

This paper describes the application of multiple beam shearing interferometry to a position magnifying sensor. A multiple beam shearing interferometer (MBSI) with a shear plate wedged in the vertical direction produces sharp multiple beam fringes. When the lateral displacement of a point source (which gives rise to the input beam of the MBSI) or its image occurs in the horizontal direction, these fringes move vertically in a magnified manner. This characteristic was used in a position magnifying sensor to detect the displacement of a point image. The advantages of the sensor include a large displacement magnification (more than a hundred times) and a large working distance.     

Conserved momenta of a ferromagnetic soliton

Linear and angular momenta of a soliton in a ferromagnet are commonly derived through the application of Noether’s theorem. We show that these quantities exhibit unphysical behavior: they depend on the choice of a gauge potential in the spin Lagrangian and can be made arbitrary. To resolve this problem, we exploit a similarity between the dynamics of a ferromagnetic soliton and that of a charged particle in a magnetic field. For the latter, canonical momentum is also gauge-dependent and thus unphysical; the physical momentum is the generator of magnetic translations, a symmetry combining physical translations with gauge transformations. We use this analogy to unambiguously define conserved momenta for ferromagnetic solitons. General considerations are illustrated on simple models of a domain wall in a ferromagnetic chain and of a vortex in a thin film.     

The Klein-Gordon and the Dirac Oscillators in a Noncommutative Space

We study the Dirac and the Klein-Gordon oscillators in a noncommutative space. It is shown that the Klein-Gordon oscillator in a noncommutative space has a similar behaviour to the dynamics ofa particle in a commutative space and in a constant magnetic field. The Dirac oscillator in a noncommutative space has a similar equation to the equation of motion for a relativistic fermion in a commutative space and in a magnetic field, however a new exotic term appears, which implies that a charged fermion in a noncommutative space has an electric dipole moment.     

Simultaneous effects of magnetic field and space porosity on compressible Maxwell fluid transport induced by a surface acoustic wave in a microchannel

Peristaltic motion induced by a surface acoustic wave of a viscous, compressible and electrically conducting Maxwell fluid in a confined parallel-plane microchannel through a porous medium is investigated in the presence of a constant magnetic field. The slip velocity is considered and the problem is discussed only for the free pumping case. A perturbation technique is employed to analyze the problem in terms of a small amplitude ratio. The phenomenon of a “backward flow” is found to exist in the center and at the boundaries of the channel. In the second order approximation, the net axial velocity is calculated for various values of the fluid parameters. Finally, the effects of the parameters of interest on the mean axial velocity, the reversal flow, and the perturbation function are discussed and shown graphically. We find that in the non-Newtonian regime, there is a possibility of a fluid flow in the direction opposite to the propagation of the traveling wave. This work is the most general model of peristalsis created to date with wide-ranging applications in biological, geophysical and industrial fluid dynamics.     

The effects of a laser field on phase transitions in liquid crystals

We investigate theoretically some phase transitions in liquid crystals in the presence of a laser beam. We found, in non-absorbing nematics, a laser-induced one-way transition from a paranematic to a nematic phase. In absorbing nematics we found, in addition to this transition, a one-way transition from a nematic to a paranematic phase with increasing laser intensity. Further, we found a reentrant nematic or a reentrant paranematic via paranematic or nematic phase respectively. In the case of smectic A, laser absorption results in a coupling between the positional and orientational orders. As a result, the smectic A to nematic transition can change from second order to first order and the smectic C to smectic A transition can become first-order in the field of a laser.     

Drag force on a moving heavy quark with deformed string configuration

To study drag force on a moving heavy quark through a plasma, we use a deformed AdS space-time, in which deformation parameter c describes non-conformality in AdS/QCD. In this case, the quark is mapped to a probe string in the AdS space. Considering the probable contribution of the deformation parameter in the probe string, we apply a general form of c-dependent string ansatz in the drag force computation. Then, we find the acceptable value of this parameter as it satisfies QCD calculations. Using this result, we also discuss the diffusion constant which is in agreement with the phenomenological result for the non-relativistic limit. Also, we show that while in absence of a deformation parameter, the probe string is a strictly increasing function of radial coordinate, the c-dependent probe string has a maximum value versus z.