冷原子干涉仪及空间应用

原子干涉仪是利用原子物质波的特性而实现的干涉仪,冷原子具有很小的速度和速度分布以及良好的相干性,因而冷原子干涉仪具有很高的灵敏度.文章介绍了原子干涉仪的基本物理原理、国内外研究进展、原子干涉仪实现方案及其在精密测量和空间科学领域中的应用.     

冷原子物质波干涉仪的应用

原子干涉仪可以获得比传统光学干涉仪更复杂的干涉信息,冷原子具有很小的速度及速度分布,拥有足够长的相干时间,使得基于冷原子干涉仪的测量仪器具有很高的灵敏度,被广泛应用于精密测量领域。自利用脉冲激光的拉曼干涉仪搭建成功后,随着冷原子相关操控技术的发展成熟,基于冷原子干涉仪的重力仪、重力梯度仪都取得了一定的进展,本文综合了近年来国内外相关文献成果并给出了总结与思考。     

冷原子干涉仪及其应用

1前言原子干涉仪是利用原子物质波的特性而实现的干涉仪,其原理类似于光学中著名的杨氏双缝干涉仪,如图1所示.由于温度极低的冷原子物质波具     

冷原子干涉仪囚禁原子数主动稳定技术

冷原子干涉仪中,囚禁原子数的抖动会转化为等效的干涉信号相位抖动,直接影响原子干涉测量结果.针对此问题,提出了一种冷原子干涉仪囚禁原子数主动稳定技术,通过测量干涉末态的原子数信息,反馈控制3D-MOT装载时间,实现对囚禁原子数的主动稳定.通过应用该技术,在装载时间大约为40 ms的条件下,3D-MOT囚禁原子数的短期抖动...     

大倾斜角度下基于冷原子重力仪的绝对重力测量

冷原子重力仪的倾斜角会对绝对重力测量产生显著的影响.高精度的绝对重力测量需要对重力仪的倾斜角进行精确的测量、控制及校正.本文从理论上分析了四种不同情况下倾斜对绝对重力测量的影响规律,并在实验上对得到的理论进行了实验验证.基于此,设计了一种基于双倾斜计的绝对重力测量方案,主要是为了解决恶劣测量环境下的冷原子重力仪倾斜漂移问题.此方案利用高精度倾斜计记录放置在被动隔振平台上的拉曼反射镜的倾斜角度,并使用另外一个倾斜计监控真空系统的倾斜,以实现振动噪声的抑制和倾斜的高精度测量.基于自研的小型化冷原子重力仪,对该方案进行了实验验证,并最终实现了车间复杂环境下的高精度绝对重力测量.由于倾斜得到精确测量和补偿,冷原子重力仪的测量精度达到了12.3μGal.本文为复杂环境下的高精度绝对重力测量提供了一种可行的方案,为冷原子重力仪的实用化提供了参考数据.     

基于冷原子重力仪的绝对重力动态移动测量实验

动态重力测量可以提高重力场的勘测效率,对基础地质调查、资源勘探、地球物理研究等具有十分重要意义.本文基于冷原子重力仪、惯性稳定平台和牵引动力装置搭建了一套绝对重力动态移动测量系统,并开展了绝对重力动态测量实验.首先测量了不同牵引速度下的垂向振动噪声功率谱,理论分析了其对动态重力测量的影响;其次评估了不同牵引速度对原子干...     

原子干涉仪和原子光学研究的最新进展

综述了近年来原子干涉仪和原子光学研究领域研究领域工作的最近进展。重点介绍了德布罗意原子物质波干涉仪的基本物理原理，原子的杨氏双缝干涉实验，利用受激拉曼跃迁的原子干涉仪和Ｒａｍｓｅｙ原子干涉仪。     

冷原子干涉仪探测激光功率稳定系统实验研究

为降低探测激光功率抖动对高精度冷原子干涉仪测量结果的影响,以声光调制器作为激光强度反馈媒介,采用混频器对声光调制器驱动射频功率进行控制,搭建了用于冷原子干涉仪探测激光脉冲的功率稳定系统,实现了冷原子干涉仪探测过程中激光脉冲的快速功率稳定.功率稳定后,激光脉冲的功率稳定建立时间达到μs量级,功率稳定度优于2.11×10-...     

用于冷原子干涉仪的低相噪信号源设计

冷原子干涉实验中涉及复杂的激光调制技术,为调制器提供合适的射频驱动信号至关重要,驱动信号的相噪直接影响了冷原子干涉仪的灵敏度。设计了一种能够产生6.834GHz信号的低相噪信号源,该信号源采用二级锁相环频率合成技术,将恒温晶振输出的10MHz信号倍频到100 MHz,再将100 MHz信号倍频到7 GHz,最后与外部DDS芯片产生的166 MHz信号混频实现6.834 GHz微波信号源。经过测试,信号源的输出相位噪声为-61.9dBc/Hz@1Hz,满足冷原子干涉实验的需求。     

用于冷原子干涉仪激光时序控制的DDS跳频系统设计与实现

为了满足冷原子干涉实验对时序控制的需求,设计并实现了一个基于LABVIEW软件的激光时序控制DDS系统,其工作过程为通过设计的LABVIEW上位机软件输入需要产生的频率和频率间隔时间,ARM芯片根据LABVIEW软件发送来的控制信息实现对射频信号芯片的控制,CPLD芯片用来控制射频信号之间的时间间隔,最后DDS芯片产生与控制信息相对应的射频信号。与目前同类装置相比,系统实现了跳频时间和频率更加精确和工作稳定性更好。经过系统的调试分析以及性能测试,DDS跳频系统能够满足原子干涉仪激光时序控制需求。通过测试DDS装置,DDS装置能够输出准确输出射频频率值,并且射频频率时间间隔能精确到微秒。DDS装置可以有效控制冷原子干涉仪的激光时序,在探询时间为120毫秒且重复率为2.2赫兹的情况下,冷原子重力仪的重力测量灵敏度达到 。     

Cold atom clocks and their applications in precision measurements

Cold atom clocks have made remarkable progresses in the last two decades and played critical roles in precision measurements. Primary Cs fountain frequency standards have achieved a total uncertainty of a few parts in 1016, and the best optical clock has reached a type B uncertainty below 10-18. Besides applications in the metrology, navigation, etc.,ultra-stable and ultra-accurate atomic clocks have also become powerful tools in the basic scientific investigations. In this paper, we focus on the recent developments in the high-performance cold atomic clocks which can be used as frequency standards to calibrate atomic time scales. The basic principles, performances, and limitations of fountain clocks and optical clocks based on signal trapped ion or neutral atoms are summarized. Their applications in metrology and other areas are briefly introduced.     

Cold atom space clock with counter-propagating atoms

<正>We discuss the feasibility of realizing a cold atom space clock with counter-propagating cold atoms in microgravity.The design of the space clock is based on an atomic beam clock with Ramsey cavity,except that magneto-optical trap(MOT) is placed at each side.Cold atoms are launched simultaneously from the MOTs at both sides of the clock and they move at the counter-direction towards each other.The velocity of the launched atoms is precisely controlled to Ramsauer-Townsend resonance so that no additional collision frequency shift takes place.Such configuration can efficiently cancel the frequency shift resulting from cavity phase shift and increase the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).     

微重力环境下冷原子物理及其应用

文章介绍了国际上微重力环境下冷原子物理及其应用的研究工作：空间原子钟、原子干涉仪、超冷原子物理和建议中的广义相对论的探索.文中简要介绍了中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所在微重力环境下所进行的空间原子钟、玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚和原子芯片等研究工作.     

Decoherence dynamics in low-dimensional cold atom interferometers

We report on a study of the dynamics of decoherence of a matter-wave interferometer, consisting of a pair of low-dimensional cold atom condensates at finite temperature. We identify two distinct regimes in the time dependence of the coherence factor of the interferometer: quantum and classical. Explicit analytical results are obtained in both regimes. In particular, in the two-dimensional case in the classical (long time) regime, we find that the dynamics of decoherence is universal, exhibiting a power-law decay with an exponent, proportional to the ratio of the temperature to the Kosterlitz-Thouless temperature of a single 2D condensate. In the one-dimensional case in the classical regime we find a universal nonanalytic time dependence of decoherence, which is a consequence of the nonhydrodynamic nature of damping in 1D liquids.     

Gravitational wave detection with single-laser atom interferometers

We present a new general design approach of a broad-band detector of gravitational radiation that relies on two atom interferometers separated by a distance L. In this scheme, only one arm and one laser will be used for operating the two atom interferometers. We consider atoms in the atom interferometers not only as perfect inertial reference sensors, but also as highly stable clocks. Atomic coherence is intrinsically stable and can be many orders of magnitude more stable than a laser. The unique one-laser configuration allows us to then apply time-delay interferometry to the responses of the two atom interferometers, thereby canceling the laser phase fluctuations while preserving the gravitational wave signal in the resulting data set. Our approach appears very promising. We plan to investigate further its practicality and detailed sensitivity analysis.     

Vibration-induced phase noise in Mach–Zehnder atom interferometers

The high inertial sensitivity of atom interferometers has been used to build accelerometers and gyrometers, but this property makes these interferometers very sensitive to the laboratory seismic noise. This seismic noise induces a phase noise which is large enough to reduce the fringe visibility in many cases. We develop here a model calculation of this phase noise applicable to a wide class of Mach–Zehnder atom interferometers and we apply this model to our thermal lithium interferometer. We are thus able to explain the observed dependence of the fringe visibility on the diffraction order. The dynamical model developed in the present paper should be very useful to further reduce this phase noise in atom interferometers and this reduction should open the way to improved interferometers. PACS 03.75.Dg; 39.20.+q; 42.50.Vk     

High-order inertial phase shifts for time-domain atom interferometers

High-order inertial phase shifts are calculated for time-domain atom interferometers. We obtain closed-form analytic expressions for these shifts in accelerometer, gyroscope, optical clock and photon recoil measurement configurations. Our analysis includes Coriolis, centrifugal, gravitational, and gravity gradient-induced forces. We identify new shifts which arise at levels relevant to current and planned experiments. PACS 39.20.+Q; 32.80.Pj; 03.75.Dg; 04.80.-Y