添加叔丁醇钾对Mg(NH2)2-2LiH体系储氢性能的影响

叔丁醇钾(C_4H_9OK)的添加显著改善了Mg(NH_2)_2-2LiH体系的储氢性能。添加0.08 mol C_4H_9OK的Mg(NH_2)_2-2LiH-0.08C_4H_9OK样品表现出最佳储氢性能。该样品的起始放氢温度仅为70℃,较Mg(NH_2)_2-2LiH原始样品降低了60℃;130℃完全放氢后,该样品可在50℃开始吸氢,较原始样品降低了50℃。Mg(NH_2)_2-2LiH-0.08C_4H_9OK样品可在150℃的等温条件下50min内迅速放出质量分数3.82%的氢气,完全放氢后可在120℃的等温条件下50 min内快速吸收质量分数4.11%的氢气,表现出良好的吸放氢动力学性能。C_4H_9OK的添加降低了样品放氢反应的表观活化能和反应焓变,改善了放氢反应的动力学和热力学性能,从而降低了放氢反应温度。进一步的放氢反应机理研究发现,在180℃之前,C_4H_9OK对Mg(NH_2)_2-2LiH体系的放氢起催化改性作用;温度继续升高后,C_4H_9OK将会分解并参与放氢反应最终生成Li_3K(NH_2)_4。     

固溶体MAX相(Ti0.5V0.5)3AlC2的制备及其对MgH2储氢性能的催化影响

通过无压烧结法制备了固溶体MAX相(Ti_(0.5)V_(0.5))_3AlC_2,研究了其添加对MgH_2储氢性能的影响。结果发现,固溶体MAX相(Ti_(0.5)V_(0.5))_3AlC_2中的Ti和V元素通过协同作用,呈现出更高的催化活性。添加质量分数10%(Ti_(0.5)V_(0.5))_3AlC_2的MgH_2样品的起始放氢温度为230℃,较原始MgH_2降低了60℃。在275℃下等温放氢,(Ti_(0.5)V_(0.5))_3AlC_2添加样品的放氢速率可达0.35%·min~(-1),是原始MgH_2样品的4倍左右。此外,完全放氢后的MgH_2-10%(Ti_(0.5)V_(0.5))_3AlC_2样品在150℃、5 MPa氢压下,可在60 s内吸收4.7%的氢。计算显示,MgH_2-10%(Ti_(0.5)V_(0.5))_3AlC_2样品的表观活化能为79.6 kJ·mol~(-1),较原始MgH_2(153.8 kJ·mol~(-1))降低了48%,这是MgH_2放氢性能得到改善的主要原因。     

化学计量比和放氢背压对LiBH4+xMg2NiH4体系放氢性能的影响

研究了不同化学计量比(x=0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25)和放氢背压(1×10-4和0.4 MPa)对LiBH4+xMg2NiH4复合体系吸放氢性能的影响. 结果表明, 随着化学计量比(x)的增加, 复合体系的放氢温度逐渐降低, 放氢动力学性能得到提高, 但放氢容量逐渐降低; 其中, 在1×10-4和0.4 MPa初始放氢背压下, LiBH4+0.75Mg2NiH4体系具有最佳放氢动力学性能和较高的储氢容量. 结果表明, 放氢背压和化学计量比均会对高温下液相LiBH4 与固态Mg2NiH4 的润湿性产生影响, 进而影响复合体系的放氢路径和放氢动力学性能.     

Mg2 FeH6 纳米晶的制备及储氢性能

在室温和氩气气氛下, 以MgH2 和纳米Fe为原料, 采用机械合金化(球磨法)制备了Mg2FeH6纳米晶. 考察了球磨参数(时间、 转速)对产物的影响, 对所制备的Mg2FeH6 纳米晶的组成、 结构和形貌进行了表征, 并对其储氢性能进行了测试. 结果表明, 所制备的Mg2FeH6纳米晶为立方结构, 纯度较高(91.4%), 其晶粒尺寸较小, 约为10~30 nm, 但团聚现象较为严重. Mg2FeH6纳米晶具有较低的活化能和较好的吸放氢动力学性能, 其放氢的脱附焓和脱附熵分别为(-42.8±2) kJ/mol和(-72.0±3) J/(mol·K). 在503 K和6 kPa的氢气压力下, Mg2FeH6纳米晶在70 min内放氢量达到2.5%(质量分数); 在2 MPa的氢气压力下, 上述放氢产物具有较快的起始吸氢速率.     

MgH2+20%(w)MgTiO3复合材料的吸/放氢性能

为了降低MgH₂的吸放氢温度, 提高其吸放氢动力学性能, 本文通过球磨方法制备了MgH₂+20%(w)MgTiO₃复合储氢材料, 并研究了其储氢性能. X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明, MgTiO₃在与MgH₂球磨过程中生成Mg₂TiO₄和TiO₂, 并且Mg₂TiO₄和TiO₂在体系的吸放氢过程中保持稳定, 能够对MgH₂的吸放氢过程产生催化作用. 程序升温脱附和吸/放氢动力学测试结果表明, 添加MgTiO₃后MgH₂的初始放氢温度从389 ℃降至249 ℃.150 ℃下的吸氢量从0.977%(w)提高到2.902%(w), 350 ℃下的放氢量从2.319%(w)提高到3.653%(w). 同时, MgH₂放氢反应的活化能从116 kJ·mol^-1降至95.7 kJ·mol^-1. 与MgH₂相比, MgH₂+20%(w) MgTiO₃复合材料的热力学与动力学性能均有显著提高, 这主要是由于球磨和放氢过程中原位生成的TiO₂和Mg₂TiO₄具有良好的催化活性.     

微乳液法制备Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3型固体超强酸催化剂及其异构化性能

采用微乳液法负载Pt制备了Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3(Pt-SZA-M)固体超强酸催化剂, 以正戊烷异构化反应为探针, 对比了微乳液法和浸渍法负载Pt制备的催化剂(Pt-SZA)的异构化性能, 并采用XRD, FTIR, BET, TG-DTA, TPR和TEM对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 与Pt-SZA催化剂相比, Pt-SZA-M催化剂中Pt粒子的粒径更小(4.5 nm)且尺寸更均一; Pt-SZA-M催化剂的比表面积(109.6 m2/g)比Pt-SZA催化剂(95.0 m2/g)增加了15.4%. Pt-SZA-M催化剂的初始还原温度比Pt-SZA催化剂降低了10~20℃, 表明微乳液法负载Pt可以提高催化剂的氧化活性, 提高氢分子在催化剂上的吸附解离能力. 异构化活性实验结果表明, 与Pt-SZA催化剂相比, Pt-SZA-M催化剂的低温活性得到明显改善, 在反应压力为2.0 MPa、 氢烃摩尔比为4: 1、 质量空速为1.0 h-1的条件下, Pt-SZA-M催化剂在反应温度为230℃时活性达到60.8%, 在100 h内异戊烷的收率可稳定在58.0%左右, 选择性在95.0%以上.     

Ti掺杂的MgH2和Mg2NiH4的放氢性能

以TiF₃和Ti(OBu-n)₄为催化剂, 研究了Ti离子掺杂对MgH₂和Mg₂NiH₄放氢性能的影响. 结果表明, 未掺杂的MgH₂起始放氢温度为420 ℃, 掺杂TiF₃和Ti(OBu-n)₄后分别降低到360和410 ℃; Mg₂NiH₄在掺杂TiF₃后放氢温度由230 ℃降低到220 ℃, 而掺杂Ti(OBu-n)₄后没有变化. 可见无论对MgH₂或Mg₂NiH₄, 在降低放氢温度方面TiF₃都明显优于Ti(OBu-n)₄. 另外, 研究还发现, TiF₃掺杂对MgH₂放氢动力学有显著的提高, 但对Mg₂NiH₄没有明显的提高. 结合XRD和FTIR的测试分析, 我们认为: 催化作用很大程度上取决于氢化物自身的晶体结构和催化剂的电子结构; 降低氢化物放氢温度和提高动力学性能的原因是催化剂与氢化物之间的相互作用削弱了氢化物中Mg—H或Ni—H键, 使得活泼的H…H原子对容易形成, 从而有利于H₂的释出.     

g-C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合材料制备及其光催化性能

利用类石墨氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)和亚稳相钙钛氧化物(CaTi_2O_5)固相法制备C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及附带能谱分析仪(EDS)和N2吸附-脱附对样品的显微结构和比表面积进行检测分析,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计(UV-Vis)测试了样品的光吸收性能,研究C_3N_4与CaTi_2O_5物质的量之比(nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5)对C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品的物相结构和微观形貌的影响,同时考察C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品在可见光照射下光催化降解罗丹明染料效果。实验结果表明:相比纯C_3N_4和CaTi_2O_5样品,C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品在可见光下具有较高的光催化性能,随着nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5增加,样品的光催化降解率随之增加而后降低,当nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5=1∶1时,样品的光催化降解率达到最大值99.5%,并且循环重复利用5次后,样品的光催化剂降解率仍几乎保持不变。复合样品光催化性能提高主要归因于复合能级结构有效地抑制了电子和空穴复合所致。     

3NaBH4/ErF3复合储氢材料的制备及吸放氢特性

采用高能球磨法制备了3NaBH4/ErF3复合储氢材料, 并研究了其相结构和储氢性能. X射线衍射(XRD)显示, NaBH4和ErF3在球磨过程中未发生反应; 同步热分析(TG-DSC)测试结果表明, 3NaBH4/ErF3体系在420℃开始放氢, 比相同测试条件下纯NaBH4的放氢温度降低了约100℃, 放氢量为3.06%(质量分数). 压力-成分-温度(Pressure-Composition-Temperature, PCT)性能测试结果显示, 3NaBH4/ErF3复合储氢材料在较低的温度(355~413℃)及平台氢压(<1 MPa)下即拥有良好的可逆吸放氢性能, 最高可逆吸氢量可达到2.78%(质量分数), 吸氢后体系重新生成了NaBH4相. 计算得吸氢焓变仅为-36.8 kJ/mol H2; 而放氢焓变为-180.8 kJ/mol H2. NaBH4在ErF3的作用下提高了热动力学性能, 并实现了可逆吸放氢.     

Ce掺杂K2La2Ti3O10催化剂的可见光高效催化制氢的研究

采用高温固相法合成了铈掺杂的K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀催化剂, 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-vis DRS)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂进行了表征. 考察了催化剂的可见光催化分解甲醇水溶液制氢的活性, 并对可见光催化机理进行了分析. 研究表明, 铈的掺杂没有改变K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀的微晶结构, 并使催化剂粒径有所减小. 紫外可见漫反射分析表明禁带宽度为2.3 eV左右, 对可见光具有较高吸收. XPS表明La和Ti为＋3和＋4价, 而Ce则是＋3和＋4的混合价态. 担载2 wt% Pt后, 在可见光下光催化活性大大提高, 当铈的掺杂量为0.5 mol%(即Ce取代La的摩尔百分量)时, 光催化活性达到最大, 产氢速率为0.05 mmol/h; 光照5 h后产氢量为0.22 mmol, 而纯K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀的产氢量只有0.037 mmol.     

三链DNA |dA10 2DT10的近红外付立叶拉曼光谱

最近通过核磁共振、振动光谱和分子力学模拟研究表明,在溶液中三螺旋DNA的构象具有一定程度的复杂性和多样性．本文首次采用近红外付立叶拉曼光谱研究了三螺旋DNA dA10•2d10和相应的双螺旋DNA dA10•dT10在溶液中的构象．结果表明该三螺旋DNA同时存在C3’－内褶／反对称（A－型）和C2’－内褶／反对称（B－型）两种构象,而且在823cm－1处的较强谱带暗示还存在一种处于A和B构型之间的中间构型．对出现在1218cm-1和638cm-1处、归属于对糖环构象敏感的胸腺嘧啶残基的两个特征谱带进行分析,获得了除C2’－内褶构象外其它构型存在的证据．另外,双螺旋DNA的FT－Raman光谱表明该双螺旋DNA在溶液中以A－和B－两种构型共存．     

Cr掺杂对K2La2Ti3O10光催化活性的影响

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了层状钙钛矿结构的K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀及Cr掺杂的K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀，采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(DRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀及Cr掺杂K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀进行了表征。以I^-为电子给体、分别在紫外和可见光辐射下研究了K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀及Cr掺杂K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀光催化分解水的产氢活性。采用第一性原理，计算了Cr掺杂对K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀半导体能带结构和态密度的影响，从电子结构的变化揭示了掺杂引起光催化活性差异的原因。结果表明，Cr的掺入能够改善和提高K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀的光解水的产氢活性；Cr改善和提高K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀的光解水的产氢活性存在一个最佳的掺杂浓度；当Cr与Ti的物质量的比为0.02∶1时，紫外光催化分解水产氢速率为1 500 μmol·L^-1·h^-1，可见光催化分解水产氢速率为83.6 μmol·L^-1·h^-1，分别为K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀掺杂改性前产氢速率的26和5倍。     

Na5P3O10-Ca(OH)2-CO2-H2O体系纳米CaCO3的成核与生长

通过化学分析、SEM显微分析技术,结合Rosin-Ramiler概率统计理论,从介观层次研究Na5P3O10-Ca(OH)2-CO2-H2O体系纳米CaCO3的合成反应及其成核和生长过程。结果表明,Na5P3O10对Ca(OH)2的碳化反应具有抑制作用。随着[Na5P3O10]的增加,体系中CaCO3的成核速率B^0逐渐增大。在[Na5P3O10]＝0ppm时,CaCO3结晶的生长由长程扩散和凝聚生长控制;[Na5P3O10]=380.4,760.9ppm时,前期受短程扩散和界面反应控制、后期受长程扩散控制。Na5P3O10的存在,抑制了纳米CaCO3的晶体生长。     

The mercury chromates Hg6Cr2O9 and Hg6Cr2O10—Preparation and crystal structures, and thermal behaviour of Hg6Cr2O9

The basic mercury(I) chromate(VI), Hg₆Cr₂O₉ (=2Hg₂CrO₄·Hg₂O), has been obtained under hydrothermal conditions (200 °C, 5 days) in the form of orange needles as a by-product from reacting elemental mercury and K₂Cr₂O₇. Hydrothermal treatment of microcrystalline Hg₆Cr₂O₉ in demineralised water at 200 °C for 3 days led to crystal growth of red crystals of the basic mercury(I, II) chromate(VI), Hg₆Cr₂O₁₀ (=2Hg₂CrO₄·2HgO). The crystal structures were solved and refined from single crystal X-ray data sets. Hg₆Cr₂O₉: space group P2₁2₁2₁, Z=4, a=7.3573(12), b=8.0336(13), , 3492 structure factors, 109 parameters, R[F²>2σ(F²)]=0.0371, wR(F² all)=0.0517; Hg₆Cr₂O₁₀: space group Pca2₁, Z=4, a=11.4745(15), b=9.4359(12), , 3249 structure factors, 114 parameters, R[F²>2σ(F²)]=0.0398, wR(F² all)=0.0625. Both crystal structures are made up of an intricate mercury-oxygen network, subdivided into single building blocks [O-Hg-Hg-O] for the mercurous compound, and [O-Hg-Hg-O] and [O-Hg-O] for the mixed-valent compound. Hg₆Cr₂O₉ contains three different Hg₂²⁺ dumbbells, whereas Hg₆Cr₂O₁₀ contains two different Hg₂²⁺ dumbbells and two Hg²⁺ cations. The Hg^I-Hg^I distances are characteristic and range between 2.5031(15) and 2.5286(9) Å. All Hg₂²⁺ groups exhibit an unsymmetrical oxygen environment. The oxygen coordination of the Hg²⁺ cations is nearly linear with two tightly bonded O atoms at distances around 2.07 Å. For both structures, the chromate(VI) anions reside in the vacancies of the Hg-O network and deviate only slightly from the ideal tetrahedral geometry with average Cr-O distances of ca. 1.66 Å. Upon heating at temperatures above 385 °C, Hg₆Cr₂O₉ decomposes in a four-step mechanism with Cr₂O₃ as the end-product at temperatures above 620 °C.     

Preparation of Pt/K2La2Ti3O10 and its photo-catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution from methanol water solution

A layered perovskite-type oxide K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ was prepared with high-temperature solid-state reaction, and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). Platinum was loaded onto K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ as a co-catalyst with different methods. The dispersion of platinum on K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ was determined with HOT method. The photocatalytic activity of Pt/K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ was studied. This catalyst showed much higher activity in hydrogen evolution reaction than Ni/K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀. The effects of different amounts of loaded platinum and several preparation methods were evaluated. The best achieved hydrogen evolution rate was 233.88 μmol·h⁻¹ by Pt(2%)/K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀. A possible band structure and mechanism were discussed based on the results.     

Sol-gel synthesis of K3InF6 and structural characterization of K2InC10O10H6F9, K3InC12O14H4F18 and K3InC12O12F18

K₃InF₆ is synthesized by a sol-gel route starting from indium and potassium acetates dissolved in isopropanol in the stoichiometry 1:3, with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorinating agent. The crystal structures of the organic precursors were solved by X-ray diffraction methods on single crystals. Three organic compounds were isolated and identified: K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉, K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈. The first one, deficient in potassium in comparison with the initial stoichiometry, is unstable. In its crystal structure, acetate as well as trifluoroacetate anions are coordinated to the indium atom. The two other precursors are obtained, respectively, by quick and slow evaporation of the solution. They correspond to the final organic compounds, which give K₃InF₆ by decomposition at high temperature. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ is characterized by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₄(OH_x)₂]^(5−2x)− and isolated [CF₃COOH_2−x]^(x−1)− molecules with x=2 or 1, surrounded by K⁺ cations. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ is only constituted by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₆]³⁻ and K⁺ cations. For all these compounds, potassium cations ensure only the electroneutrality of the structure. IR spectra of K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ were also performed at room temperature on pulverized crystals.     

A new, efficient and simple method for the thionation of ketones to thioketones using P4S10/Al2O3

A simple, efficient and new method has been developed for the synthesis of thioketones by thionation of ketones using P₄S₁₀/Al₂O₃ in acetonitrile. It has been found that the P₄S₁₀/Al₂O₃ combination provides a simple and convenient method for the synthesis of thioketones.     

Synthesis, structure, and physical properties of Ce2PdGa10

A new ternary compound, Ce₂PdGa₁₀, has been synthesized using Ga flux and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Ce₂PdGa₁₀ adopts a tetragonal structure in the I₄/mmm space group and is isostructural to Ce₂NiGa₁₀. Lattice parameters are , , , and Z=2. The compound is metallic (dρ/dT>0), with the resistance decreasing roughly linearly with temperature from 300 to 175 K. The magnetic susceptibility of Ce₂PdGa₁₀ is consistent with local-moment paramagnetism and no long-range magnetic ordering occurs down to 2 K. A large positive magnetoresistance over 200% is observed at 2 K for fields of 9 T. In this paper, we present the structure and physical properties of Ce₂PdGa₁₀ and compared them to CePdGa₆.     

Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5和Li2O-TiO2-Al2O3-P2O5体系锂离子固体电解质的制备及性能研究

一些具有NASICON型网格结构的固体电解质具有高的电导率和好的稳定性,NASICON的意思是Na Super Ionic Conductor[1]。当NaZr2(PO4)3中P5 被Si4 部分取代时便可以得到具有NASICON结构的Na1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系,其具有高的钠离子电导率。然而有相同结构的Li1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系的离子电导率却很低,这是因为Li 半径太小,而NASICON三维网格结构的离子通道太大,两者不匹配而使电导率下降[2]。但当LiZr2(PO4)3中Zr4 被离子半径小些的Ti4 取代,所得LiTi2(PO4)3的通道就与Li 半径相匹配,适合于锂离子的迁移,从而使其电导率…