离子液体中氧化锰八面体分子筛催化醇的氧化

按文献方法制备了3种八面体MnO6分子筛催化剂K-OMS-2、H-K-OMS-2和Cu-OMS-2,用SEM和XRD测试技术表征了它们的结构和组成。 考察了这3种催化剂对用氧气选择性氧化醇为相应的醛或酮的催化作用,研究了采用不同OMS-2在离子液体[bmim]PF₆中反应时间和反应温度对催化反应的影响。 其中H-K-OMS-2对苄醇和烯丙醇氧化的转化率和选择性均超过90%。 催化剂和离子液体可分别用萃取法和减压蒸馏法从反应体系中回收,其中减压蒸馏法回收循环使用效果较好。     

Synthesis of lanthanum-doped MCM-48 molecular sieves and its catalytic performance for the oxidation of styrene

Lanthanum-doped MCM-48 molecular sieves with different La contents were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen sorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results show that the majority of La cations have been incorporated into the framework of MCM-48 molecular sieves. When the molar ratio of La/Si is >0.039 in the sample, some of lanthanum species exist in the extraframework. Compared with pure silicate MCM-48, lanthanum-doped MCM-48 samples show the medium strong acidity that is due to the incorporation of La in the framework of silica. In the oxidation of styrene with H(2)O(2) as the oxidant over the lanthanum-doped MCM-48 catalysts, benzaldehyde is the main product with a small amount of styrene oxide. The La content in the catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time, and solvent affect greatly the catalytic oxidation of styrene. The conversion of styrene and the selectivity to styrene oxide increase noticeably when a small amount of NaOH aqueous solution is added into the reaction mixture. Ln-doped MCM-48 catalysts with 14 kinds of rare earth elements were synthesized hydrothermally and evaluated for the oxidation of styrene. The results show that their catalytic performance is tremendously different and depends on the nature of rare earth elements doped in the MCM-48 mesoporous materials.     

掺Ag对氧化锰八面体分子筛催化CO氧化性能的影响

采用回流法在酸性介质中合成了掺杂贵金属Ag的氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2).利用X射线衍射、低温N2吸附、透射电子显微镜及程序升温脱附(TPD)等技术对固体材料的结构进行了表征,考察了材料对CO氧化反应的催化性能,以及Ag的掺杂对该反应的影响.结果表明,合成的OMS-2材料属于cryptomelane一维隧道结构,适量Ag的掺杂使分子筛的有序性得到改善,孔径更均一.Ag的加入还能明显提高催化剂的反应活性.O2-TPD和CO-TPD实验表明,Ag的引入使材料对CO的吸附性能及晶格氧的扩散能力得到显著增强,这是提高催化剂对CO氧化催化能力的主要原因.     

Performance and kinetic study on Pd/OMS-2 catalyst for CO catalytic oxidation: effect of preparation method

Manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (OMS-2) synthesized from hydrothermal (H-OMS-2), reflux (R-OMS-2), co-precipitation (C-OMS-2), and solid phase (S-OMS-2) methods were impregnated with palladium and used for CO catalytic oxidation. Preparation methods presented an obvious effect on the morphology and catalytic activity of Pd/OMS-2 catalysts for CO oxidation. The hydrothermal synthesized OMS-2 (Pd/H-OMS-2) exhibited more ordered nanorod structure and higher crystallinity than Pd/R-OMS-2, Pd/C-OMS-2, and Pd/S-OMS-2. Further surface analysis indicated that different preparation methods of synthesizing OMS-2 and the impregnation process followed have a significant effect on the chemical states of Mn and O over the final Pd/OMS-2 products. The kinetics studies showed the trend of apparent activation energy (E _a) over different catalysts: Pd/H-OMS-2 (18.19 kJ/mol) < Pd/R-OMS-2 (21.56 kJ/mol) < Pd/C-OMS-2 (22.57 kJ/mol) < Pd/S-OMS-2 (29.44 kJ/mol). Over 99 % of the CO conversion was obtained at 35 °C by the optimal Pd/H-OMS-2 catalyst.     

Niobium-containing catalysts for oxydehydrogenation of hydrocarbons and alcohols

The first methods are developed for introducing niobium(V) into Mg-Al hydrotalcites used as precursors of oxide catalysts for oxydehydrogenation (OD) of alkanes and alcohols. Samples of niobium(V)-containing oxide catalysts are synthesized. Their catalytic properties are studied in oxydehydrogenation of ethane and ethylbenzene to styrene, oxidation dehydrocyclization of octane into ethylbenzene and styrene, and oxydehydrogenation of sec-butanol to ketone (octane-(2)-one). It is ascertained that ethane transformation into ethylene is highly a selective highly process (92–97%) at low temperatures (450–500°C) in the presence of a niobium-containing catalyst; the catalyst is appreciably efficient in ethylbenzene transformation to styrene and dehydrocyclization of n-octane to ethylbenzene and styrene, and in oxydehydrogenation of secbutanol to octane-(2)-one. All the catalysts studied operate stably in OD reactions; no decrease in their activity or selectivity was detected after 50 h operation.     

Ce掺杂的OMS-2催化剂上二甲醚催化燃烧性能的研究

通过氧化还原法合成了氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2),而后浸渍负载一定量的Ce。采用TG-DSC、XRD、低温氮气吸附-脱附、TEM、FT-IR、Uv-vis、O2-TPD、H2-TPR以及XPS等技术对制备材料的结构和氧化还原性能进行了表征,考察了催化剂的二甲醚催化燃烧反应性能。结果表明,低掺杂量的Ce高度分散在OMS-2中;高含量时存在独立的CeO2。光谱测试结果表明,Ce的掺杂并未对OMS-2的晶型产生影响。XPS结果表明,Ce的掺杂会提高OMS-2中晶格氧的量。O2-TPD和H2-TPR结果表明,制备的催化剂具有比较丰富的氧物种,低温下易还原,因而在二甲醚催化燃烧中表现出了良好的催化活性和热稳定性。起燃温度在160℃左右,完全燃烧温度在170℃左右,反应产物仅有二氧化碳和水,并且反应后催化剂晶型保持不变,没有积炭产生。     

Characterization of ceria-zirconia mixed oxides as catalysts for the combustion of volatile organic compounds using inverse gas chromatography

Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) has been used in this work for characterizing the adsorption of different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and n-hexane) over ceria-zirconia mixed oxides (Ce(x)Zr(1-x)O2, with x = 0, 0.15, 0.5, 0.68, 0.8 and 1). These materials have shown to be very active catalysts for the deep oxidation of the studied VOCs in previous papers. The enthalpies of adsorption (-deltaH(ads)), adsorption isotherms (corresponding to the Henry region), and dispersive (gamma(s)(D)) and specific (I(sp)) components of the surface energy for the adsorption of the investigated compounds are determined using IGC at infinite dilution. These chromatographic data and other surface parameters (surface area, oxygen storage capacity, surface acidity, and reducibility) are correlated with the activity and selectivity of these catalysts. As a result, for n-hexane, the catalytic activity is mainly correlated with the adsorption capacity of the solids, whereas the activity for chlorinated compounds oxidation (as well as the selectivity to oxidation products) depends on both oxygen storage capacity and specific interaction of the chlorinated compound with the surface.     

不同阳离子(NH4+,Na+,K+,Ca2+)溴化物对商用SCR催化剂化学中毒影响机制研究

燃煤飞灰中的碱金属和碱土金属对 NH3-SCR 催化剂的活性有显著的影响. 近年来, 研究者针对碱金属/碱土金属氧化物对 SCR 催化剂中毒作用开展了大量研究. 另一方面, 研究普遍认为, 含溴化合物对提高 SCR 催化剂汞氧化性能具有明显促进作用. 目前为止, 针对碱金属/碱土金属溴化物对 SCR 催化剂影响的系统研究较少. 我们课题组系统研究了不同阳离子的溴化物 (NH4Br, NaBr, KBr 和 CaBr2) 对商用 V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂性能的影响.与未中毒样品相比, KBr 中毒后的催化剂 (记为 L-KBr) 上 NOx转化率明显下降, 而 NaBr 和 CaBr2中毒的催化剂 (分别记为 L-NaBr 和 L-CaBr) 上的 SCR 活性也有一定程度的降低. 另外 L-NaBr, L-KBr 和 L-CaBr 催化剂的 N2选择性较差. XPS 结果显示, KBr 中毒后化学吸附氧 (Oα) 比例减小; 同时, KBr 中毒后还原性和表面酸度降低, 这些可能是导致 L-KBr催化剂的活性和 N2选择性变差的主要原因. 对于 L-CaBr 催化剂, 中毒后化学吸附氧 Oα比例有所增加, 这与 H2-TPR 结果显示可还原性增强一致. O2-TPO 结果显示, L-CaBr 催化剂可氧化性降低, 说明 CaBr2中毒还是影响到催化剂表面的氧化还原循环. 催化剂 CaBr2中毒后表面被覆盖减少了反应活性位数量, 但表面酸性的增强可能会抵消活性位点损失带来的负面影响. NH3氧化结果显示, NH3在 L-CaBr 催化剂表面发生过氧化反应, 特别是高温下生成较多 N2O, 降低 N2选择性, 这可能是高温下 L-CaBr 催化剂 SCR 活性和 N2选择性下降的重要原因. CO2-TPD 结果表明, L-KBr 和 L-CaBr 催化剂表面碱性强度增加, 可能有助于增加 NOx物种的吸附量. 基于以上活性评价和表征分析结果, 我们尝试建立了不同溴化物中毒的催化剂表面酸碱性、氧化还原和催化性能之间的关系.     

氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2)在有机分子清洁合成中的催化氧化应用

氧化锰八面体分子筛具有优异的氧化性、离子交换性和导电性等性能,被广泛应用于环保、半导体、有机合成等诸多领域。由于体相存在混合价态Mnn+和丰富的表面缺陷空位,使该分子筛同O2或H2O2等绿色氧化剂之间容易发生快速电子转移,活化绿色氧化剂,近年来作为非均相催化剂和功能性载体应用于有机分子的清洁合成中,表现出优异的催化活性、反应选择性和结构稳定性。本文综述了近年来OMS-2催化剂在有机分子清洁氧化合成中,及作为具有电子转移介质性能的载体材料的研究进展,并对未来发展提出了展望。     

水热合成的MoO3-SnO2催化剂催化氧化二甲醚的性能研究

采用无沉淀剂水热法一步合成了MoO₃-SnO₂复合金属氧化物催化剂,通过调变Mo/Sn物质的量比,考察了催化剂上活性组分MoO_x分散程度对二甲醚（DME）低温氧化生成甲酸甲酯（MF）反应性能的影响。当Mo/Sn=1∶2,反应条件为150℃时,催化剂表现出较好的催化性能,DME转化率为22.0%,MF选择性达到77.6%。实验中采用TEM、XRD、Raman、FT-IR、NH₃-TPD及H₂-TPR等表征对催化剂晶体结构及表面性质进行了分析。结果发现,Mo/Sn物质的量比变化会对催化剂晶体结构产生显著影响,钼氧化物在SnO₂表面形成不同分散程度的MoO_x结构,这种钼氧化物结构的变化进一步影响了催化剂表面的酸性及氧化还原性,是造成催化性能差异的主要原因。     

锰氧八面体分子筛室温同时去除甲醛和臭氧的性能研究

通过回流法、无溶剂法及水热法合成了3种锰氧八面体分子筛催化剂（OMS-2）,并对其室温同时去除甲醛和臭氧的反应活性进行了研究.结果表明无溶剂法制备的锰氧八面体分子筛（OMS-2-S）具有最高的甲醛转化率,且水气的加入对3种OMS-2催化剂的二氧化碳产率均具有明显的促进作用.并通过XRD、SEM和XPS等技术对催化剂进行表征,考察了催化剂物理化学性质对其催化活性的影响.从表征结果可得,较强的吸附能力、丰富的氧空位及较强的氧物种移动性是OMS-2-S催化剂活性较高的原因.     

钯/掺杂锰氧八面体分子筛催化一步合成碳酸二苯酯

采用浸渍法制备出Ce3＋, Cu2＋, Pb2＋, Ag＋, Fe3＋掺杂锰氧八面体分子筛, 负载钯后用于一步氧化羰基化合成碳酸
二苯酯(DPC)反应. Pd/Cu-OMS-2 催化活性最高, DPC 收率为12.1%. 通过X 射线衍射(XRD), 扫描电镜(SEM), 氮气吸
附(BET)和X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂样品进行了表征. 表征结果表明, 不同金属离子掺杂后, 催化剂的晶型仍
保持隐钾锰矿结构. 从电位滴定测试数据来看, 杂质离子引入后, 锰的平均氧化态增加. 在催化反应过程中, Mn4＋/
Mn2＋和Pd2＋/Pd0 构成了氧化还原循环链, Mn3＋的存在可以补充反应过程中消耗掉的Mn4＋. XPS 分析了晶体中氧物种的
存在形式, 化学吸附氧/(晶格氧＋化学吸附氧)的比值越高, 催化活性越好.     

Effect of Bismuth Additives on the Properties of Vanadium–Phosphorus Oxide Catalyst in the Partial Oxidation of n-Pentane

The selective oxidation of n-pentane on vanadium–phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts with bismuth additives (Bi/V = 0–0.30) is studied. The catalysts are characterized by XRD, XPS, and specific surface area measurements using nitrogen adsorption. Their acidic properties are studied (using ammonia TPD and the 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol reaction). It was found that the introduction of bismuth insignificantly affects the specific surface area but increases the surface concentration of phosphorus and changes the acidic properties of the catalysts. The specific catalytic activity of samples in n-pentane oxidation correlates with the effective charge of surface oxygen (E _b of O1s electrons). The selectivity to citraconic anhydride increases with an increase in the general surface acidity. The selectivity to maleic anhydride increases with an increase in the Brønsted acidity of the surface. The selectivity to phthalic anhydride increases with an increase in the Lewis acidity. The pathways of product formation in the partial oxidation of n-pentane are proposed.     

Transition metal complexes on mesoporous silica nanoparticles as highly efficient catalysts for epoxidation of styrene

We have synthesized a series of catalysts for epoxidation of styrene by immobilizing salicylaldimine transition metal (copper, manganese, and cobalt) complexes on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with diameters of 120-150 nm. The prepared catalysts are characterized by infrared (IR) spectra, thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), CHN elemental analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These catalysts possess excellent catalytic efficiency in epoxidation of styrene when using tert-BuOOH (TBHP) as oxidant. Styrene shows a high conversion (～99%) as well as epoxide selectivity (～80%) over Cu-MSN catalysts, and high conversion (～99%) and moderate epoxide selectivity (～65%) over Mn-MSN and Co-MSN catalysts. The recycling experiment results indicate that these catalysts maintain catalytic activity even after being used for three cycles. Our results indicate that MSNs can serve as better catalyst supports.     

纳米二氧化钛催化苯乙烯环氧化反应的研究

通过烯烃的环氧化反应 ,可制得活泼的有机合成中间体——环氧化物 ,再通过选择性开环或功能团转化 ,可以方便地合成多种有价值的化合物 .因此 ,催化烯烃环氧化的反应得到广泛的研究 ,其中含钛催化剂具有较好的催化性能 ,如 Ti- ZSM- 5沸石 [1,2 ] 、Ti- ZSM- 1 1沸石[3 ,4 ] 在 H2 O2 存在下就有高的催化活性 ;α-和β- [Si W9Ti3 O4 0 ]10 -也有一定的催化活性 [5] ;Sharpless等人 [6]采用 Ti[OCH( CH3 ) 2 ]4和酒石酸二乙酯诱导体 ,可高选择性催化烯丙醇的不对称环氧化反应 .纳米 Ti O2 ,由于颗粒小 ,处于固体表面的原子多 ,表…     

Catalytic activity of MCM-48-, SBA-15-, MCF-, and MSU-type mesoporous silicas modified with Fe3+ species in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene in the presence of N2O

MCM-48, SBA-15, MCF, and MSU mesoporous silicas were used as supports for a deposition of Fe oxide species. Iron was introduced using two different methods: the wetness impregnation and the molecular designed dispersion (MDD). The obtained catalysts were characterized with respect to their textural parameters (BET), chemical composition (electron microprobe analysis), and reducibility (TPR). The coordination environment of Fe was determined using EPR and UV-vis/DRS. The samples were tested as catalysts in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene in the presence of N(2)O. An influence of Fe dispersion and reducibility on the catalytic activity was discussed. Isolated Fe(3+) species appeared to be more selective in the styrene formation, whereas iron oxide clusters showed a higher selectivity in total oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons. The reaction system was well described by the Mars- van Krevellen mechanism.     

Heterogeneous liquid phase oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone with graphene carbon-based catalyst

The series of graphene materials and N-doped graphene materials were successfully synthesized and improved by high-temperature treatment with trace iron oxide. XRD, Raman, FT-IR, TEM and XPS were employed for these catalysts. The catalytic performance of these catalysts was investigated in the selective oxidation of ethylbenzene with tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant. The impacts of temperature, mass of catalysts, reaction time and oxidants on the selective oxidation of ethylbenzene were also investigated. The N-doped graphene materials exhibit greatly remarkable catalytic performance than others. The conversion of ethylbenzene is more than 90% and the selectivity of acetophenone is more than 95% at 353 K. Graphene can be used as catalyst owing to its unique structures and chemical properties. The characterization tests show that the doping of N atoms can create more defects and more active sites in the N-doped graphene materials which could greatly improve the catalytic performance. Furthermore, such cost-effective graphene-based catalysts possess good stability and could be reused at least five times without remarkable loss of the catalytic activity.     

Ni-Mo氮化物催化剂:合成及其丙烷氨氧化催化性能简

分别采用溶胶-凝胶法、旋转蒸发微波干燥法、共沉淀法、浸渍法和机械混合法制备Ni-Mo氧化物前驱体. 以H₂和N₂的混合气为氮化气体,采用程序升温氮化法合成了镍钼氮化物催化剂. 利用X射线衍射、总氮含量分析、X射线光电子能谱及H₂程序升温还原对Ni-Mo氧化物前体及氮化物催化剂进行了表征. 将上述Ni-Mo氮化物催化剂用于丙烷氨氧化反应中. 结果表明,Ni-Mo氧化物前驱体的制备方法影响其氮化物催化剂上丙烷氨氧化反应性能. Ni-Mo氮化物催化剂中氮物种的移动性及反应性对产物丙烯腈选择性的影响较大,共沉淀法制备的催化剂存在大量的活性氮物种,因而具有良好的催化丙烷氨氧化反应活性.     

Tantalum-containing catalysts for oxydehydrogenation of hydrocarbons and alcohols

The first methods were developed for introducing tantalum(V) into Mg-Al hydrotalcites, which are precursors of oxide catalysts for oxydehydrogenation of hydrocarbons and alcohols. Samples of oxide tantalum(V)-containing catalysts were synthesized. Their catalytic properties were studied in the oxydehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene and ethylbenzene to styrene, oxydehydrocyclization of octane to ethylbenzene and styrene, and oxydehydrogenation of sec-butanol to ketone (octan-2-one). The transformation of ethane to ethylene over the tantalum-containing catalyst occurs with a high selectivity (92–97%) at relatively low temperatures (500°C), and the catalyst is quite efficient in conversion of ethylbenzene to styrene, dehydrocyclization of n-octane to ethylbenzene and styrene, and oxydehydrogenation of sec-butanol to octan-2-one. Comparison with a niobium-containing catalyst showed that it ensures higher yields and selectivities in similar reactions than its tantalum-containing analogue does.     

Al2O3负载Cu,Fe或Ni掺杂氧化钼催化乙苯氧化脱氢（英文）

Molybdenum-based catalysts supported on Al2O3 doped with Ni, Cu, or Fe oxide were synthesized and used in ethylbenzene dehydrogenation to produce styrene. The molybdenum oxide was sup-ported using an unconventional route that combined the polymeric precursor method (Pechini) and wet impregnation on commercial alumina. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, temperature-programmed reduction of H2 (H2-TPR), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. XRD results showed that the added metals were well dis-persed on the alumina support. The addition of the metal oxide (Ni, Cu, or Fe) of 2 wt% by wet im-pregnation did not affect the texture of the support. TPR results indicated a synergistic effect be-tween the dopant and molybdenum oxide. The catalytic tests showed ethylbenzene conversion of 28%–53% and styrene selectivity of 94%–97%, indicating that the addition of the dopant improved the catalytic performance, which was related to the redox mechanism. Molybdenum oxides play a fundamental role in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene by its redox and acid–base properties. The sample containing Cu showed an atypical result with increasing conver-sion during the reaction, which was due to metal reduction. The Ni-containing solid exhibited the highest amount of carbon deposited, shown by TG analysis after the catalytic test, which explained its lower catalytic stability and selectivity.