预应力钢管混凝土组合构件的稳定性研究

给出了预应力筋初始张拉力和有效张拉力的计算方法．根据弹性力学理论和能量法原理,建立了组合构件挠曲微分方程,推导了各种边界条件的预应力钢管混凝土组合构件的压屈载荷计算公式,并由强度条件确定了界限长细比．算例分析表明,对超过界限长细比的钢管混凝土组合构件,施加预应力可以有效地提高其稳定承载力．     

圆中空夹层钢管混凝土压扭构件试验研究

以轴压比和长细比为主要参数设计了7根圆中空夹层钢管混凝土试件,为了便于对比分析,同时设计了2根圆实心钢管混凝土试件,对其在压扭复合受力状态下的力学性能进行了试验研究。对试验现象和试验结果进行了描述与分析,结果表明:圆中空夹层钢管混凝土压扭构件的扭矩-转角全过程曲线未出现下降段,试件表现出一定的后期承载潜力,具有较好的塑性和延性性能;钢管对混凝土的约束效应在加载后期更为显著;轴压比、长细比和空心率对压扭试件的初始刚度影响不大,但轴压比和长细比对试件的抗扭承载力有一定影响。最后,采用压扭构件承载力相关方程对圆中空夹层钢管混凝土压扭构件的抗扭承载力进行了计算,计算结果与试验结果基本接近且总体偏于安全,可为工程设计提供参考。     

方钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱轴压性能试验研究

为研究方钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱轴压性能,设置了长细比、再生骨料取代率、再生混凝土强度、型钢配钢率和方钢管宽厚比等参数,对13个试件进行单调静力加载试验,观察试件破坏过程及破坏形态,获取试件荷载-位移和荷载-应变曲线,分析设计参数对组合柱轴压受力性能的影响。结果表明:试件的破坏顺序均为型钢首先被压屈,随后再生混凝土被压碎,最后的破坏是因为钢管外表面发生鼓屈而丧失轴压承载力;提高长细比、钢管宽厚比和再生粗骨料取代率,组合柱轴压承载力的最大降幅分别为10.7%、24.8%和9.9%;相反,提高再生混凝土强度和型钢配钢率,组合柱的轴压承载力最大提高幅度分别为19.7%和14.3%;总体上看,试件均表现出较高的承载力和良好的变形能力。在此基础上,参考国内外相关规程,采用叠加原理,建立了方钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱的轴压承载力公式,并验证了计算公式的有效性。     

不同长细比圆钢管混凝土柱偏心试验研究

针对不同长细比圆钢管混凝土短柱试件进行了试验研究, 介绍了 试验参数、试验装置和方法, 得到载荷与应变、载荷与挠度的曲线, 分析了长细比 对该类构件力学性能的影响规律, 并应用相关规程进行了极限承载力的验算, 针对 该类构件在工程中的应用提出了合理的建议. 结果表明, 随着长细比的增大, 钢管 对核心混凝土的约束作用不断减弱, 极限承载力也明显下降, 而其横向变形能力逐 渐减弱, 在延性方面则影响不大. 试件达到极限承 载力时对应受压区的纵环向应变也比较大.     

方钢管混凝土柱延性的实验研究

针对结构抗震设计对延性的要求,对不同轴压比、长细比和混凝土标号的7根方钢管混凝土柱试件进行了低周反复加载实验,得到了框架柱的荷载位移曲线、骨架曲线以及各阶段的荷载位移值,据此分析了各种因素对方钢管混凝土柱延性的影响.实验结果表明:剪力滞引发了方钢管混凝土柱的塑性铰,塑性铰的扩展是柱端承载力下降的根本原因,增大轴压比将引起塑性铰更早出现,进而降低框架柱的延性和水平抗剪能力;增大长细比可以延缓塑性铰出现,提高柱的延性和耗能能力,但是水平抗剪能力下降;提高混凝土强度等级可以降低大轴压比、大长细比带来的不利因素.实验结果与有限元计算数据吻合良好.     

钢筋混凝土平面构件的配筋优化

钢筋混凝土D区构件由于不满足平截面假定,以往多采用试验加经验的方法进行配筋设计,误差较大,结果多偏于保守。由于钢筋混凝土构件是由钢筋和混凝土两种材料组成的复合构件,它的工作本质可抽象为由混凝土压杆和钢筋拉杆构成的、形状自由的拉压杆模型。引入一种新的结构优化方法遗传演化算法建立反映构件最实质工作机理的拉压杆模型,在所获拉压杆模型的指导下,拉杆位置布置受拉钢筋,压杆位置认为由混凝土承担,完成钢筋混凝土D区构件的配筋设计。首先以一根钢筋混凝土简支深受弯构件为例证明这种方法的可行性,根据所求得的拉压杆模型配置的钢筋数量少于现行规范用量。另外这种方法还被证明能方便地找到包括钢筋混凝土简支深受弯构件、牛腿、框架节点等典型D区构件的拉压杆模型,并据此给出相应的配筋指导。     

竹胶板-薄壁钢管约束收尘石粉混凝土组合柱轴压性能

提出一种新型的竹胶板-薄壁钢管复合约束收尘石粉混凝土组合柱(BSDCC),对10根BSD-CC试件进行轴压试验,考察试件的破坏特点和形态,调查收尘石粉混凝土的含量率和强度、试件长细比、截面组合与拉杆约束方式、拉杆间距比对试件承载能力和变形的影响规律.结果表明,BSD-CC试件的受压破坏形态主要为试件中部约束拉杆之间竹胶...     

火灾与撞击联合作用下钢管混凝土柱力学性能研究

为研究火灾高温与撞击联合作用下钢管混凝土柱的力学性能,基于ABAQUS建立了高温作用下考虑轴力影响的钢管混凝土柱侧向撞击有限元模型。首先,对高温与撞击联合作用下考虑轴力影响的钢管混凝土柱的破坏模式与受力全过程进行了分析,探讨了高温下钢管混凝土柱的抗撞性能与工作机理;其次,重点研究了受火时间、材料强度、含钢率以及撞击能量对抗撞性能的影响,并给出了相关设计建议。研究结果表明:高温与撞击联合作用下,钢管混凝土柱主要发生受弯破坏;受火15 min后,构件抗撞性能明显降低。轴压力对构件抗撞性能产生不利影响,轴压比从0增加到0.2,受火60 min构件抗撞性能下降了7.8%;混凝土强度对高温下钢管混凝土柱抗撞性能有显著影响,受火90 min后,混凝土强度由30 MPa增加到50 MPa,构件抗撞性能提高约85%;外钢管强度与含钢率对高温下抗撞性能影响不大。     

方钢管型钢再生混凝土组合短柱轴压性能非线性分析

在方钢管型钢再生混凝土组合短柱轴心受压试验研究的基础上,选择合理的再生混凝土和钢材本构模型,结合现有结构非线性分析理论,采用Abaqus有限元软件建立该组合短柱的有限元模型,并对该短柱轴压性能进行全过程非线性分析。主要研究其破坏形态、应力分布及荷载-应变关系曲线,分析再生骨料取代率、方钢管宽厚比、型钢配钢率和再生混凝土强度对该短柱轴压性能的影响规律,并将其与试验结果进行对比,同时对短柱进行有限元参数分析。结果表明,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,该有限元模型能较好地模拟方钢管型钢再生混凝土组合短柱轴压性能;组合柱轴向承载力随再生骨料取代率的增加而有所降低,而随方钢管宽厚比、型钢配钢率和再生混凝土强度的增加而增加。总体上看,该组合短柱承载力高,变形能力较好,研究结论可为方钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱的工程应用提供一定参考。     

STUDY ON AMPLIFICATION FACTOR OF FLEXURAL BUCKLING CRITICAL LOAD OF AXIAL COMPRESSION BARS1)

为了建立一般条件下轴压构件屈曲临界载荷的计算理论,首先对轴心受压构件发生屈曲时的总势能方程进行了推导,然后采用Rayleigh-Ritz法并基于势能驻值原理得到了4种不同端部约束条件下轴压构件的屈曲临界载荷,对比欧拉临界载荷,给出了临界载荷放大系数 的计算式,全面考虑了构件长细比、压缩变形、剪切变形以及截面形状系数对临界载荷的影响,推导的计算式可用于较小长细比轴压构件发生屈曲时临界载荷的计算.圆截面和双轴对称工字形截面轴压构件屈曲临界载荷的分析表明构件长细比是影响放大系数的主导因素。     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.     

Impact non-pénétrant sur le thorax : influence de la courbure sur la propagation des ondesNonpenetrating impact on the thorax: influence of curvature on wave propagation

Theoretical studies of the propagation of impact waves through the thorax are needed to improve the design of bulletproof jackets and blast protections (Fung in ‘Biomechanics Motions, Flow, Stress, and Growth’, Springer-Verlag, 1990; Cooper et al., J. Trauma 40 (1996) S38–S41). The influence of the weak acoustic coupling at the interface between the thoracic wall and the lung were described in (Grimal et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. IIB 329 (2001) 655–662); in this work, we study, within the frame of elastodynamics and with an approximate analytical method, the effects of the curvature of this interface. Results are given in terms of strain energy for the pressure wave, transmitted or converted. Focalisation of energy in the medium representing the lung is important for curvatures measured in humans. To cite this article: Q. Grimal et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 569–574.     

Vérification expérimentale de la relation de réciprocité d'Onsager pour l'électro-osmose et l'électro-filtration dans une argile naturelleExperimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations for electro-osmosis and electro-filtration phenomena on a saturated clay

This Note is devoted to the experimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations in the particular case of electro-osmosis and electro-filtration. A special set up has been designed to carry out the measurements of both the electro-osmotic permeability and the streaming potential. This has been performed by using a natural material i.e., saturated kaolinite. To cite this article: K. Beddiar et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 893–898.