冲击压缩下稠密Ar等离子体温度测量

测量了稠密氩等离子体温度,并与国外文献报道结果进行了对比。实验时通过对Ａｒ气冲击压缩产生稠密Ａｒ等离子体。Ａｒ样品的初始压力均为０．１ＭＰａ,初始温度为２９３Ｋ。五个实验点的压力为０．１２５～０．１６３ＧＰａ,温度为２３４００～２５９００Ｋ,等离子体非理想性参数为０．４３～０．４５。给出了Ａｒ的Ｈｕｇｏｎｉｏｔ冲击压缩数据及温度实测数据。理论计算首次考虑了二级电离效应,温度理论计算值明显地偏高于实验值,这说明用Ｓａｈａ加上Ｄｅｂｙｅ Ｈｕｃｋｅｌ修正模型的计算电离度已与实际结果出现了差别,其电离能和能级布居也发生了改变。     

液Ar冲击压缩特性的理论计算

用exp-6有效两体势模型和液体变分微扰理论计算了液Ar冲击压缩曲线,在35GPa以下的压力范围内计算的冲击压缩曲线与Thiel及Nellis等人的实验数据及其它理论的计算结果符合较好。计算结果表明文中所选的势较为准确地反映了液体分子间的相互作用。也对较高冲击压力下理论计算的冲击曲线和实验结果之间的偏差作了分析,结合不透明度实验的结果,我们认为当压力超过35GPa,温度在12000K以上时,液Ar体系电子激发对系统热力学状态有较大影响。     

冲击压缩下玻璃等脆性材料中的失效波研究进展

较系统地回顾了近年来有关失效波的研究工作，简单介绍了研究方法和实验手段，评述了研究现状和发展趋势，最后总结了尚存的问题和作者的一些看法。     

磁驱动准等熵压缩下LY12铝的强度测量

高压高应变率加载下材料的强度研究一直是冲击动力学的一个难题,目前动态载荷下材料的高压强度测量主要是基于平板撞击技术,冲击温升和应变率效应对材料强度的影响难以分离. 基于小型磁驱动加载装置CQ-4,开展了磁驱动准等熵压缩下LY12 铝的声速和强度测量的实验研究,讨论了考虑加载-卸载过程时磁驱动压缩实验的负载电极设计、实验样品设计、数据处理与分析等内容,并获得了12 GPa 压力范围沿加载-卸载路径的声速变化和峰值压力点的强度数据.      

冲击载荷下圆环纵向压缩力学行为研究

选用外径、内径和高度三者比值为6∶3∶2的铝合金圆环试件作为研究对象,在粗磨、细磨和润滑三种端面粗糙条件下,利用SHPB实验方法研究了其纵向动态压缩行为。实验结果表明:随着端面摩擦系数的增大,对应的屈服强度和硬化强度增大明显。同时,圆环纵向压缩应力应变曲线有一个明显的应力下降段。其原因是圆环在塑性压缩过程从内而外发生了动态塑性失稳。由于端面应力不均匀和压缩过程端面摩擦系数不均匀变化,试件前后端面的压缩变形明显不一致。数值模拟分析了不同表面粗糙情况下的圆环纵向压缩过程,得到了和实验相类似的现象。     

中高应变率下EPS泡沫的冲击压缩实验

用SHPB装置对三种密度的发泡聚苯乙烯(Expanded Polystyrene,EPS)材料进行了从300/s至1400/s共五个中高应变率下的冲击压缩实验。实验中采用波分离技术有效延长应力-应变曲线的测量范围,并简要介绍了其原理和具体实施办法。所有应变率下均获得了含有弹性段、平台屈服段和压实段完整三阶段的应力-应变曲线。曲线的重复性较好,应变率基本恒定。实验结果表明,相同密度EPS泡沫应力-应变曲线的屈服平台段长度随应变率的增加而增加,且趋于平缓。在相近应变率下,随EPS泡沫的密度增加,屈服应力增加,而变形及吸能能力减弱。     

泡沫金属在冲击载荷下的动态压缩行为

基于微CT扫描影像信息,建立泡沫金属材料二维细观有限元模型,考虑不规则胞孔的不均匀分布,根据实验结果拟合孔壁材料的弹塑性本构参数。研究了泡沫金属在不同加载速度下的压缩变形机理,重点讨论泡沫金属中弹塑性波的传播、惯性效应和从冲击端传递到静止端的应力变化特征。对于相对密度为0.3的泡沫铝,弹性波速约为5 km/s,与孔壁材料的弹性波速相当,塑性波速表现为随着加载速度的增大而增大。在加载速度为50~100 m/s间变形模式从准静态模式转变为动态模式,未发现明显的临界速度,动态锁死应变随着加载速度的增大而增大。由于塑性波发生反射,试件会发生二次压缩过程,相应地,静止端产生二次应力平台。受惯性作用的影响,二次应力平台也随着加载速度的增大而提高。     

实时高温作用下花岗岩冲击压缩力学特性研究

为研究实时高温作用对花岗岩冲击力学特性的影响,以川藏铁路色季拉山施工区域加里东期花岗岩为研究对象,利用分离式霍普金森杆（SHPB）及同步箱式电阻炉,对20～800 ℃实时高温下的花岗岩试件进行冲击压缩试验,分析高温作用及加载应变率对试件破碎特征、动态抗压强度及能量吸收情况的影响,基于粉晶X射线衍射分析矿物成分变化与花岗岩动力学强度的内在关联。研究表明：20～400 ℃高温试件以脆性劈裂破坏为主,碎片形态呈纺锤形,两端尖锐,而600 ℃高温试件以塑性破坏为主,形状趋于圆钝;试件峰值应力随温度升高具有先增大后减小的变化趋势,200 ℃时达到强度阈值,随后持续降低;单位体积岩石耗散能与加载应变率呈线性正相关关系,与温度呈二次函数关系,与峰值应力呈指数关系,拟合效果良好;石英、云母和长石三种主要矿物成分的含量波动、相态变化等因素共同导致花岗岩动力学强度在200 ℃后逐步劣化。

     

冲击压缩下氧化铝陶瓷中破坏阵面的传播

进行了平面冲击波压缩下氧化铝陶瓷中破坏阵面的实验测试和理论探索. 通过氧 化铝陶瓷的平板碰撞实验,借助VISAR测试系统测量了试件自由面的质点速度历程,并对回 收试件进行了电镜扫描观察. 质点自由面速度历程曲线表明,氧化铝陶瓷材料中存在破坏阵 面的传播. 考察了破坏阵面的传播特性,给出了陶瓷材料的动态破坏模型,并对破坏阵面的 传播进行了数值分析.     

纵向冲击压缩下LY12铝合金圆环的塑性失稳

通过对铝合金圆环的纵向冲击压缩研究发现,一定条件下在试件的宏观塑性硬化阶段会出现明显的应力降过程。为揭示此应力降的发生机制,对润滑、细磨、粗磨3种端面粗糙条件下,外径、内径和高度比值为6:3:2的LY12铝合金圆环进行系统的Hopkinson压杆纵向冲击实验。结果表明:应力降主要发生在较大的应变和较高的应变率条件。进一步对实验样品的金相观察发现:应力降产生的内在机制为绝热剪切带的形成和发展,此现象是一种动态塑性失稳的过程。以上结果为金属材料在冲击条件下绝热剪切带产生的研究提供了参考。     

Laser absorption density direct measurements with limitation of temperature variation field in shock-induced gaseous mixing

We describe a laser absorption technique to obtain reasonably accurate density profiles within a shock-induced Richtmyer-Meshkov mixing zone. Assuming a small temperature variation through the probed region, a single wavelength absorption experiment only is needed. When this criterium is satisfied, the technique described represents a considerable simplification over the more generally required dual wavelength experiments. Received 4 May 1996 / Accepted 7 October 1996     

The study of a supersonic jet of rarefied argon plasma

We have carried out an experimental study of a supersonic jet of argon plasma flowing in a rarefied medium. We have measured the distribution of total thrust along the axis of the jet at various temperatures in the arc chamber of the plasmatron. Using spectroscopic methods, we obtained the axial and radial distributions of the electron concentration and temperature and of the concentration of excited atoms. With the help of a probe we measured the electron temperature and concentration at large distances from the nozzle tip.     

Electrical conductivity of an argon plasma in a stabilized arc

A method is described for determining the electrical conductivity cr as a function of the temperature T from measurements in extended plasma sources of radial symmetry. The accuracy and features of the method are analyzed in numerical examples. Measurements made for a stabilized argon arc and the (T) dependence determined from them are the argon plasma are reported. The results are analyzed and compared with theory and other experiments.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp, 153–161, March–April, 1969.In conclusion the authors thank Ya. M. Buzhdan for consultation in the writing of the computer program, and N. A. Rubtsov for interest in the study and valuable advice.     

On reactive heat conduction for multiple ionized two-temperature argon plasma

Two models to computer equilibrium composition of a two temperature plasma with degree of ionization larger than one have been evaluated, and the range of validity of each model is discussed. These are then applied further for the calculation of the ambi-polar diffusion coefficient and the reactive heat conduction coefficient for the electrons and the heavy particles. Numerical results for multiple-ionized two-temperature argon plasma atp=1 bar are presented.     

Investigation on onset of shock-induced separation

A great number of experimental data indicating shock wave/boundary layer interactions in internal or external supersonic flows were reviewed to make clear the mechanism of the interaction and to decide the onset of shock-induced separation. The interesting conclusions were obtained for the considerably wide range of flow geometries that the onset of separation is independent of the flow geometries and the boundary layer Reynolds number. It is found that the pressure rise necessary to separate the boundary layer in supersonic external flows could be applied to such internal flows as overexpanded nozzles or diffusers. This is due to the fact that the separation phenomenon caused by shock wave/boundary layer interactions is processed through a supersonic deceleration. The shock-induced separation in almost all of interacting flow fields is governed by the concept of free interaction, and the onset of shock-induced separation is only a function of the Mach number just upstream of shock wave. However, physical scales of the produced separation are not independent of the downstream flow fields.