氧原子和甲基自由基反应机理的理论研究

用分子轨道从头算和密度泛函理论（DFT）中的B3LYP方法以及适中基组6－311＋G（2df,2p)对氧原子与甲基CH3反应进行了系统的研究。计算给出了通道上各斑点物种的构型参数、振动频率和能量。结果表明：CH2OH比CH3O稳定,能量约低26．63kJ/mol,且生成氢和甲醛为其最主要反应通道。     

Theoretical Studies on the Kinetics and Mechanisms of Reactions for Methyl Vinyl Ether and Ozone

利用量子化学从头计算的方法对甲基乙烯醚的两个异构体之间的转化、臭氧与甲基乙烯醚的环加成反应、臭氧化物的裂解以及主要臭氧化物异构体的之间的转化的反应通道进行了研究,并用经典过渡态理论在280~440 K计算了反应的速率常数．对于臭氧和甲基乙烯醚的反应,考虑了臭氧从两个可能的不同方向进攻甲基乙烯醚．计算结果表明,顺式-甲基乙烯醚是比较稳定的,但是反式-甲基乙烯醚与臭氧反应所要跨越比较低的能垒, 分别为1.7和7.5 kJ/mol,而其产物更稳定,在形成的臭氧化物中占绝对比例,臭氧化物的裂解主要导致CH2-OO的生成,在298 K时的反应速率常数为4.8×10^-17 cm3/(molecule?s)．     

CH2Cl与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学从头算方法对CH2 Cl与OH自由基反应生成HCCl+H2 O、HCOCl+H2 和H2 CO +HCl的机理进行了研究 .在UMP2 (FC) / 6 311++G 水平上计算出了各物种的优化构型、振动频率 ;并在Gaussian 3(G3)水平上计算了他们的零点能 (ZPE)、相对能量及总能量 .结果表明 ,CH2 Cl和OH自由基反应首先经无垒过程生成一个富能中间体CH2 ClOH ,中间体再经过一系列原子转移、基团旋转和键断裂分别生成产物HCCl+H2 O、HCOCl+H2 和H2 CO +HCl;三者均为放热反应 ,放热量分别为 72 .81、338.5 4和 35 4 .0 8kJ/mol;生成H2 CO +HCl放出的热量比生成HCCl+H2 O放出的热量多 2 81.2 7kJ/mol,与实验结果吻合 .     

NH自由基与臭氧反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学从头计算方法,在HF／6－31＋＋G**水平研究了臭氧与NH三线态活性自由基反应的微观机理,优化得到反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物的几何构型。用MP2／6－31＋＋G**／／HF6－31＋＋G**方法计算能量,同时进行零点能校正。研究结果表明： NH三线态活性自由基与O3反应首先成稳定中间体NHO3,然后中裂解生成HNO和O2。     

苯分子及其衍生物气相反应机理的理论研究

采用B3LYP和CCSD(T)方法对泰坦大气中苯分子以及最终产物的各种生成机理和最有效反应通道进行了详细分析。采用B3LYP、MP4、AM1方法对苯的溴代反应过程中的相关能量进行比较研究,并对反应中电子转移的过程进行了讨论。     

聚甲亚胺异构化机理的理论研究

本文用量子化学ＳＣＦ－ＬＣＡＯ－ＭＯ ＡＭ１和ＣＮＤＯ／２方法，探讨了三类聚甲亚胺顺反异构体稳定性的差异，首次从理论上系统地分析了这类聚合物的顺反异构化机理，并指出顺式向反式结构特化经历多步过程，每一步都要经过一个势垒最高点，克服一个能垒，且随着分子链中反式程度加大能垒递减，具有不同于聚乙炔的显著特征。     

三甲基膦和环氧乙烷的加成产物裂解反应机理的MNDO法研究

文中用ＭＮＤＯ方法研究了三甲基膦和环氧乙烷加成产物裂解反应机理     

三甲基膦和环氧乙烷的加成产物裂解反应机理的MNDO…

文中用ＭＤＮＯ方法研究了三甲基膦和环氧乙烷加成产物裂解反应机理。     

FC(O)O自由基与NO反应机理的理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-311G(d,p)基组水平上研究了FC(O)O自由基与NO反应的微观机理,全参数优化了反应过程中各反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型,在CCSD(T)水平上计算了它们的能量,振动分析结果证实了中间体和过渡态的真实性,从对FC(O)O与NO的反应机理的研究结果看,FC(O)O与NO反应为4条反应通道多步反应过程,其反应的主要通道是FC(O)O+NO→M3→TS6→M5→FNO+CO₂,其主要产物是自由基FNO和CO_{2关键词： 密度泛函理论 反应机理 反应通道}     

Li与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

用密度泛函理论(Density Functional Theory)的B3LYP/6-311++G(d)方法,计算了Li原子与OH自由基反应势能面上各驻点物种的参数,并在MP2/6-311++G(d)水平上计算了反应通道上各驻点的能量,同时进行了零点能校正.计算结果表明Li原子与OH自由基的反应有两个可能的反应通道,即①Li(2S1/2)+OH(X2П)→LiO(2Σ)+H(2Sg);②Li(2S1/2)+OH(2П)→LiOH(X1∑),其中反应通道Li(2S1/2)+OH(2П)→LiOH(X1∑)由于具有较小的活化能而很容易发生,是主要反应通道.该结论为研究金属锂在潮湿空气中的腐蚀行为提供了理论依据.     

Theoretical rate coefficients for the reaction of methyl radical with hydroperoxyl radical and for methylhydroperoxide decomposition

The kinetics of the CH₃ + HO₂ bimolecular reaction and the thermal decomposition of CH₃OOH are studied theoretically. Direct variable reaction coordinate transition state theory (VRC-TST), coupled with high level multireference electronic structure calculations, is used to compute capture rates for the CH₃ + HO₂ reaction and to characterize the transition state of the barrierless CH₃O + OH product channel. The CH₂O + H₂O product channel and the CH₃ + HO₂ → CH₄ + O₂ reaction are treated using variational transition state theory and the harmonic oscillator and rigid rotor approximations. Pressure dependence and product branching in the bimolecular and decomposition reactions are modeled using master equation simulations. The predicted rate coefficients for the major products channels of the bimolecular reaction, CH₃O + OH and CH₄ + O₂, are found to be in excellent agreement with values obtained in two recent modeling studies. The present calculations are also used to obtain rate coefficients for the CH₃O + OH association/decomposition reaction.     

Theoretical investigation on H abstraction reaction mechanisms and rate constants of Isoflurane with the OH radical

The mechanism of H abstraction reactions for Isoflurane with the OH radical was investigated using density functional theory and G3(MP2) duel theory methods. The geometrical structures of all the species were fully optimised at B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory. Thermochemistry data were obtained by utilising the high accurate model chemistry method G3(MP2) combined with the standard statistical thermodynamic calculations. Gibbs free energies were used for the reaction channels analysis. All the reaction channels were confirmed throughout the intrinsic reaction coordinate analysis. The results show that two channels were obtained, which correspond to P(1) and P(2) with the respective activation barriers of 63.03 and 54.82 kJ/mol. The rate constants for the two channels over a wide temperature range of 298.15–2000 K were predicted and the calculated data are in agreement with the experimental one. The results show that P(2) is the dominant reaction channel under 800 K and above 800 K, it can be found that P(1) will be more preferable reaction channel.     

乙醚团簇的激光电离质谱及从头计算

应用激光多光子电离质谱与超声脉冲分子束技术研究了乙醚团簇，实验中观测到乙醚的碎片离子以及强度较小的(E)H⁺，(E)^＋₂和(E)₂H⁺(E代表CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃)，没有发现更大尺寸的团簇离子.结合从头计算理论，在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p 关键词： 乙醚团簇 偶极-偶极相互作用 从头计算     

Shock-tube and modeling study of ethyl methyl ether pyrolysis and oxidation

Pyrolysis and oxidation of ethyl methyl ether (EME) were studied behind reflected shock waves in the temperature range 900-1750 K at total pressures between 0.9 and 3.1 atm. The study was carried out using following methods, (1) time-resolved IR-laser absorption at 3.39 μm for EME decay and CH-compound formation rates, (2) time-resolved UV absorption at 216 nm for mainly CH₃ radical formation rate, (3) time-resolved UV absorption at 306.7 nm for OH radical formation rate, (4) time-resolved IR emission at 4.24 μm for CO₂ formation rate and (5) a single-pulse technique for product yields. The pyrolysis and oxidation of EME were modeled using a reaction mechanism including the sub-mechanisms for methane, acetylene, ethylene, ethane, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and ketene oxidation. The reaction mechanism used in this study could reproduce almost all of experimental results. The sub-mechanisms of methane, ethylene, ethane, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde were found to play an important role in EME oxidation.     

甲基乙烯基硅酮在外场作用下的光激发特性研究

采用密度泛函B3P86和组态相互作用方法在6-311++G^**基组水平上计算了甲基乙烯基硅酮分子从基态到前10个激发态的跃迁波长，振子强度，自发辐射系数A_n0和吸收系数B_0n(n＝1—10).同时研究了外电场对甲基乙烯基硅酮分子激发态的影响规律.结果表明，随外电场强度增大，最高占据轨道与最低空轨道能隙变小，激发能随电场增加而急剧减小.因而表明在外电场作用下，分子易于激发和 关键词： 甲基乙烯基硅酮 激发态 外电场     

TATB分子的结构及分子间相互作用

采用Hartree-Fock方法和密度泛函BPW91方法,对TATB双分子系统的几何结构和能量进行了优化和计算,得到双分子共平面的平衡结构.结果表明在TATB分子内部H和O之间存在着明显的氢键.分子之间的相互作用使TATB分子的对称性下降.一般地,没有充分计入分子之间的相互作用的影响时,计算得到的C-N键长比实验测得值大,而计算得到的C-C键长比实验测得值小.计算并讨论了TATB分子之间的相互作用能,表明TATB分子形成晶体结构时,应当以层状晶体结构最为稳定.     

水辅助下的OH自由基与CH_3OOH气相反应机理的理论研究

利用量子化学计算方法对单个水分子不存在与存在的情况下OH自由基与CH3OOH的气相氢抽取反应进行了理论研究.在BHand HLYP/6-311++G(2df,2pd)理论水平下优化了所有驻点的几何构型,在此基础上利用CCSD(T)/cc-p VTZ方法对所有驻点的单点能重新进行了计算.计算结果表明,OH自由基与CH3OOH反应的主要通道是OH自由基抽取CH3OOH中的-OH基团上的H原子.在单个水分子存在的情况下,反应的主要通道没有改变,但是水化过渡态的能量显著地降低,显然单个水分子对OH+CH3OOH反应具有催化效应.     

水辅助下的OH自由基与CH3OOH气相反应机理的理论研究

利用量子化学计算方法对单个水分子不存在与存在的情况下OH自由基与CH3OOH的气相氢抽取反应进行了理论研究。在BHandHLYP/6-311++G(2df,2pd)理论水平下优化了所有驻点的几何构型,在此基础上利用CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ方法对所有驻点的单点能重新进行了计算。计算结果表明,OH自由基与CH3OOH反应的主要通道是OH自由基抽取CH3OOH中的-OH基团上的H原子。在单个水分子存在的情况下,反应的主要通道没有改变,但是水化过渡态的能量显著地降低,显然单个水分子对OH+CH3OOH反应具有催化效应。     

Hydrogen abstraction reactions of hydroxyl radicals with 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane and pentachloroethane studied by using semi-classical transition state theory

The hydrogen abstraction reactions by OH radicals from CHCl₂CHCl₂ (R1), CH₂ClCCl₃ (R2) and C₂HCl₅ (R3) are investigated theoretically by semi-classical transition state theory. Many high-level density functional, ab initio and combinatory electronic structure calculation methods are used to evaluate the energies and ro-vibrational properties of the stationary points for the title reactions. x_ij vibrational anharmonicity coefficients, needed for semi-classical transition state theory, are calculated at the KMLYP/cc-pVTZ level of theory. Thermal rate coefficients are computed over the temperature range from 200 to 2000 K and compared with available experimental data. The computed rate constants for the reactions R1, R2 and R3 are fitted to the equation k(T) = ATⁿexp?[ ? E(T + T₀)/(T² + T²₀)].