微量元素对宝玉石物理性质的影响

微量元素的介入对宝石的形成是极其重要的。它们在宝石内部或发生类质同象替代，改变了宝石的一些物理性质，如宝石的颜色、荧光、折射率、密度，也会增加宝石一些特殊的光学效应，如变色效应，使宝石的外观变得更加绚丽多彩。     

高温高压下翡翠宝石的人工合成

翡翠(NaAlSi₂O₆)是一种具有较高硬度和较大韧性的矿物质。Loring等人从1948年开始研究翡翠的人工合成,直至1984年底美国G.E.公司才报道高温高压下合成宝石级翡翠成功,但没有详细的工艺说明。本工作仔细探索了宝石级翡翠的合成工艺,研究了压力和温度对翡翠合成的影响和不同离子的掺杂及掺杂浓度对翡翠颜色的影响。     

古墓出土猫眼宝石的分析鉴定

采用电子探针显微分析仪(EPMA)和RM-1000型显微激光拉曼仪(LRS)测定了古墓出土、具有猫眼效应的宝石戒面的矿物成分以及其中所含有元素,为确定此宝石为金绿猫眼提供了有力地佐证.     

胆甾液晶／聚合物多组分体系的结构与性能研究（Ⅲ）

应用Ｘ射线衍射，偏光显微镜及电子显微镜研究了胆甾液晶与甲基丙烯酸甲酯－甲基西烯酸丁酯无规共聚物共混体系的形态结构，研究了体系的结晶态及液晶态的和为和共聚物含量及组成对光学织构的影响。     

神府煤煤岩组分的结构特征及其差异

本文利用ＦＴＩＲ分析及计算、有机溶剂抽提，研究了神府煤不同煤岩组分的结构特征。得出了镜煤的芳构化程度较低，分子中含有较多的烷基侧链及阳离子类基团，而丝炭的芳构化程度较高，分子中含有较多的活性氮。这一结论，对于认识煤岩组分的性质，进行煤岩组分的分离选别有一定的指导意义。     

乙醇对合成醇用Cu-Co-Fe催化剂的修饰效应

乙醇对合成醇用Ｃｕ┐Ｃｏ┐Ｆｅ催化剂的修饰效应徐杰王向宇杜宝石（郑州大学化学系，郑州４５００５２）辛勤李灿（中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，大连１１６０２３）关键词铜，钴，铁，合成醇，乙醇，修饰作用分类号Ｏ６４３／Ｏ６４７自７０年代以来，已对多种ＣＯ加...     

在空气中合成Eu~(2+)激活的碱土卤硼酸盐荧光体

在空气中合成Ｅｕ２＋激活的碱土卤硼酸盐荧光体荆海强彭旭峰吴国庆＊杜宝石（北京师范大学化学系１００８７５）（郑州大学化学系４５００５２）长期以来，低价稀土离子激活的荧光体主要是在还原气氛下合成的，具有操作复杂，危险性大，费用高等缺点。文献［１～３］报道...     

为苁蓉茎水溶性多糖SPA的结构分析

肉苁蓉为稀有的名贵中药材，具有补肾、益精、润肠及抗衰老等功效．研究表明，肉苁蓉多糖具有延缓皮肤衰老、增强机体免疫功能、促进人体外成纤维细胞的生长及促进创伤愈合等生理活性作用.对于肉苁蓉多糖的深入研究尚未见报道，为探讨多糖的生物活性与结构的关系，本文对肉苁蓉茎水溶性多糖SPA组分进行结构分析．有关肉苁蓉茎水溶性多糖SPA组分的分离纯化过程见文献．     

三明治型稀土金属卟啉络合物的研究进展

本文论述了现代无机化学领域中一个重要的独立分支－三明治夹心稀土金属卟啉络合物的研究进展，详细论述了该类大环络合物的合成，结构及光谱学性质，并根据结构和性质阐述了其对生物学，医学及大环配位化合物理论研究的重要意义。     

杂多化合物的酸性

介绍了杂多化合物的结构特征，酸性质及其催化作用关系研究中的新进展，重点是晶格氧及质子氢的存在状态，产生酸性的机理，测量方法，酸强度规律及其影响因素。     

天然蛋白质的模拟酶特性研究及应用

本文评述了天然蛋白质作为模拟酶的研究及生物活性物质分析中的应用进展。引用参考文献76篇。     

Total Synthesis of the Natural Chalcone Lophirone E,Synthetic Studies toward Benzofuran and Indole-Based Analogues,and Investigation of Anti-Leishmanial Activity

The potential of natural and synthetic chalcones as therapeutic leads against different pathological conditions has been investigated for several years, and this class of compounds emerged as a privileged chemotype due to its interesting anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer properties. The objective of our study was to contribute to the investigation of this class of natural products as anti-leishmanial agents. We aimed at investigating the structure–activity relationships of the natural chalcone lophirone E, characterized by the presence of benzofuran B-ring, and analogues on anti-leishmania activity. Here we describe an effective synthetic strategy for the preparation of the natural chalcone lophirone E and its application to the synthesis of a small set of chalcones bearing different substitution patterns at both the A and heterocyclic B rings. The resulting compounds were investigated for their activity against Leishmania infantum promastigotes disclosing derivatives 1 and 28a,b as those endowed with the most interesting activities (IC₅₀ = 15.3, 27.2, 15.9 μM, respectively). The synthetic approaches here described and the early SAR investigations highlighted the potential of this class of compounds as antiparasitic hits, making this study worthy of further investigation.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the polyketide macrolactone 10-deoxymethynolide

The polyketide synthase-derived pikromycin thioesterase (Pik TE) is unique in its ability to catalyze the cyclization of 12- and 14-membered macrolactones. In this investigation, the total synthesis of the natural hexaketide chain elongation intermediate as its N-acetyl cysteamine (NAC) thioester has been achieved, and its reaction with Pik TE demonstrated the ability of Pik TE to catalyze its macrolactonization to the natural product 10-deoxymethynolide. A steady-state kinetic analysis of the hexaketide chain intermediate with Pik TE was done. A preliminary substrate specificity study with unnatural hexaketide analogues was accomplished, demonstrating the importance of total synthesis in obtaining access to advanced polyketide intermediates. The results show the sensitivity of Pik TE to minor substrate modifications, and illustrate the potential use of thioesterases as versatile macrolactonization catalysts.     

Concise Large-Scale Synthesis of Tomatidine,A Potent Antibiotic Natural Product

Tomatidine has recently generated a lot of interest amongst the pharmacology, medicine, and biology fields of study, especially for its newfound activity as an antibiotic agent capable of targeting multiple strains of bacteria. In the light of its low natural abundance and high cost, an efficient and scalable multi-gram synthesis of tomatidine has been developed. This synthesis uses a Suzuki–Miyaura-type coupling reaction as a key step to graft an enantiopure F-ring side chain to the steroidal scaffold of the natural product, which was accessible from low-cost and commercially available diosgenin. A Lewis acid-mediated spiroketal opening followed by an azide substitution and reduction sequence is employed to generate the spiroaminoketal motif of the natural product. Overall, this synthesis produced 5.2 g in a single pass in 15 total steps and 15.2% yield using a methodology that is atom economical, scalable, and requires no flash chromatography purifications.     

Highlights of marine natural products chemistry (1972-1999)

Marine Natural Products Chemistry is essentially a child of the 1970's that developed rapidly during the 1980's and matured in the last decade. With a few notable exceptions, it is difficult to select individual papers that significantly impacted the field. However, marine natural products chemistry has often influenced other fields and that aspect is the focus of this review. It is clear that the early directions taken by marine natural products chemists drew as much from the examples provided by insect chemical ecology as from the longer history of phytochemistry. By 1975 there were already three parallel tracks in marine natural products chemistry: marine toxins, marine biomedicinals and marine chemical ecology. It is the integration of the three fields of study that has given marine natural products chemistry its unique character and vigour.     

Synthesis of putative uniflorine A

A diastereoselective synthesis of the putative structure of the natural product uniflorine A has been achieved by using the Petasis borono-Mannich reaction and ring-closing metathesis as key steps. The NMR data of the synthetic material did not match that reported for the natural product. The structure of the final synthetic product was unequivocally determined by single-crystal X-ray study of its pentaacetate derivative. Thus it was concluded that the proposed structure of uniflorine A is incorrect.     

Characterization of natural rubber concerning its components and molecular weight in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (TKS) has abundant natural rubber in its root and the molecular weight of its natural rubber is higher than that in Hevea brasiliensis. Thus, TKS is an excellent alternative for the commercial production of natural rubber. The content and molecular weight of natural rubber are two qualitative indicators. Efficient determination for both indicators is still a challenge. In this study, we developed a method to simultaneously determine the content and molecular weight of natural rubber in TKS with pyrolysis－gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The content of natural rubber was quantified by internal standard method. We optimized the pyrolysis temperature and chromatographic method during content determination. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.47 and 1.56 μg, respectively. In addition, the arachidonic acid methyl ester, an unsaturated fatty acid proposed from the α-end group of natural rubber, was quantified to obtain the number of natural rubber polymers. Based on the content and the polymer number, we also quantified the molecular weight of natural rubber. Thus, the content and molecular weight of natural rubber were simultaneously determined in TKS. Our study provides a new perspective for the high throughput analysis of natural rubber.     

Mechanical and thermal properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) blends with starch and starch derivatives

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a highly crystalline, biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastic. However, its limited utilization as a commodity plastic is associated to both high cost and very poor mechanical properties. Blending PHB with a natural polymer, such as starch, is one way to improve its properties and to get low price raw materials, though they are not miscible since there are no strong interactions between the hydrophilic starch and the hydrophobic PHB. In this study binary blends of PHB were prepared with natural starch, starch-adipate and grafted starch-urethane derivatives. The PHB blends were characterized in terms of their mechanical and thermal properties. For all blends a decrease of the Young modulus was observed as compared to the pure PHB. However, blends containing natural starches and starch adipate resulted in brittle materials. A significant decrease of both glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point (Tm) was observed for all formulations. The best results, lower modulus and Tg were obtained with grafted starch-urethane blends using poly(propylene glycol).     

Therapeutic Screening of Herbal Remedies for the Management of Diabetes

The study of diabetes mellitus (DM) patterns illustrates increasingly important facts. Most importantly, they include oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular death. Up to now, there is a shortage of drug therapies for DM, and the discovery and the development of novel therapeutics for this disease are crucial. Medicinal plants are being used more and more as an alternative and natural cure for the disease. Consequently, the objective of this review was to examine the latest results on the effectiveness and protection of natural plants in the management of DM as adjuvant drugs for diabetes and its complex concomitant diseases.     

A DSC study of some biomaterials relevant to pharmaceutical industry

The present investigation concerns with thermal analysis of biomaterials such as Chitosan, Xanthan gum, Guar gum Pectin, Karaya gum, Sodium alginate, and Psyllium husk mucilage. The DSC curve of the natural polymers showed its specific endothermic peaks and ΔH _f values, and these will be helpful in determining the fitness of the polymers with active drug. The drug and natural polymer compatibility study is now one of the recognized methods for preformulation step in pharmaceutical drug development. All the natural polymers showed endothermic peak below 150 °C, and this make them suitable with a wide class of therapeutic drugs.