Purification of Rhodium-Plating Electrolytes To Remove Nonferrous Metal Impurities

Optimal conditions were determined for purification of sulfate rhodium-plating electrolyte to remove ions of iron(III) and nonferrous metals. Electrochemical and chemical purification techniques were developed.     

溴加成脱烯反应用于含烯汽油单体烃及族组成的分析

 提出了一种用于汽油组成分析的新方法 ,该方法采用溴加成选择性地转化并检测烯烃 ,解决了单体烃分析中的烷烯混峰问题 ,简化了识谱过程 ,由此通过一个包含极性预柱与非极性分析柱的简单二维体系或者与气相仪 (GC)联用的原子发射光谱检测器 (AED)两种途径均可进行准确度高的单体烃分析。在所选溴加成条件下 ,汽油中烯烃溴化率为 10 0 % ,而烷烃和芳烃保持惰性。处理全过程仅需 12 0s～ 15 0s ,操作简单且重复性好。该处理适用于含烯量为 0～ 10 0 % (体积分数 )的汽油 ,且主要针对含烯较高的催化裂化汽油。     

Preparation of Magnesium,Cobalt and Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles from Metal Oxides using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Natural deep eutectic solvents (DESs) dissolve simple metal oxides and are used as a reaction medium to synthesize spinel‐type ferrite nanoparticles MFe₂O₄ (M=Mg, Zn, Co, Ni). The best results for phase‐pure spinel ferrites are obtained with the DES consisting of choline chloride (ChCl) and maleic acid. By employing DESs, the reactions proceed at much lower temperatures than usual for the respective solid‐phase reactions of the metal oxides and at the same temperatures as synthesis with comparable calcination processes using metal salts. The method therefore reduces the overall required energy for the nanoparticle synthesis. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the thermolysis process of the eutectic melts in air occurs in one major step. The phase‐pure spinel‐type ferrite particles are thoroughly characterized by X‐ray diffraction, diffuse‐reflectance UV/Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The properties of the obtained nanoparticles are shown to be comparable to those obtained by other methods, illustrating the potential of natural DESs for processing metal oxides.     

Sorption Purification of Aqueous Ammonium Molybdate To Remove Tungsten Impurities with a Cation Exchanger Containing Pyrocatechol Functional Groups

The sorption of molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) from weakly alkaline and neutral solutions with PK-S cation exchanger containing pyrocatechol functional groups was studied. The possibility of selective recovery of tungsten(VI) impurities from aqueous ammonium molybdate with PK-S resin was examined.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 3, 2005, pp. 425–427.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Blokhin, Kaloshina, Lyubman, Murashkin.     

Development of Microdroplet Generation Method for Organic Solvents Used in Chemical Synthesis

Recently, chemical operations with microfluidic devices, especially droplet-based operations, have attracted considerable attention because they can provide an isolated small-volume reaction field. However, analysis of these operations has been limited mostly to aqueous-phase reactions in water droplets due to device material restrictions. In this study, we have successfully demonstrated droplet formation of five common organic solvents frequently used in chemical synthesis by using a simple silicon/glass-based microfluidic device. When an immiscible liquid with surfactant was used as the continuous phase, the organic solvent formed droplets similar to water-in-oil droplets in the device. In contrast to conventional microfluidic devices composed of resins, which are susceptible to swelling in organic solvents, the developed microfluidic device did not undergo swelling owing to the high chemical resistance of the constituent materials. Therefore, the device has potential applications for various chemical reactions involving organic solvents. Furthermore, this droplet generation device enabled control of droplet size by adjusting the liquid flow rate. The droplet generation method proposed in this work will contribute to the study of organic reactions in microdroplets and will be useful for evaluating scaling effects in various chemical reactions.     

Absorption Coefficients of Phenolic Structures in Different Solvents Routinely Used for Experiments

Phenolic structures are of great interest due to their antioxidant properties and various postulated benefits on human health. However, the quantification of these structures in fruits and vegetables, as well as in vivo or in vitro experiments, is demanding, as relevant concentrations are often low, causing problems in exactly weighing the respective amounts. Nevertheless, the determination of used concentrations is often a prerequisite for accurate results. A possibility to quantify polyphenol is the use of UV/vis spectroscopy. Therefore, the absorption coefficients of selected phenolic structures were determined in three different solvents relevant for polyphenol research (water/methanol (50/50, v/v), water, and phosphate buffer at pH 7.5). To confirm the values based on weight and to avoid errors due to impurities, hygroscopic effects, and inadequate balance care, the mass concentrations were additionally determined by quantitative NMR (q-NMR). The coefficients presented in this article can help to quickly and easily determine accurate concentrations in a laboratory routine without wasting the often-precious standard compounds.     

低温海水用钛基金属氧化物阳极的制备与性能

将Ti N纳米粉体与Ta Cl5正丁醇饱和溶液混合制得中间层涂覆液,通过热分解法在不同焙烧温度下得到了含有中间层的Ti/(Ti-Tax)O2/Ir O2电极,并与相同工艺下得到的传统Ti/Ir O2电极进行对比分析.采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对制备的电极进行了表征,通过循环伏安曲线、极化曲线和恒流加速寿命测试等电化学手段对电极性能进行了分析.结果表明,引入中间层可以使Ti/(Ti-Tax)O2/Ir O2电极400℃低温焙烧样品表层Ir O2结晶发育更好,得到了通常高温下才具有的典型龟裂纹形貌;相对于500℃高温焙烧样品,其在海水中的电化学活性表面积提高近6倍,在4℃和100 m A/cm2电流密度下的电极电位(1.37 V)降低100 m V,催化性能得到显著提高;同时加速寿命相对于传统的Ti/Ir O2电极提高10倍以上,是一种适用于低温海水环境的、具有较高活性和耐久性的新型阳极.     

柴油车SCR脱硝金属氧化物催化剂研究进展

NH3选择催化还原(NH3-SCR)是去除柴油车尾气中NOx应用广泛的技术,具有高效性.我们以金属氧化物类催化剂的制备和性能为主题,综述了近几年V、Ce、Fe、Mn基金属氧化物催化剂的发展.总结了这几类催化剂的合成、物理化学性质、微观结构、抗硫性和水热稳定性等特点,并对该类催化剂未来的发展趋势做了展望.     

Anion Storage Chemistry of Organic Cathodes for High-Energy and High-Power Density Divalent Metal Batteries

Multivalent batteries show promising prospects for next-generation sustainable energy storage applications. Herein, we report a polytriphenylamine (PTPAn) composite cathode capable of highly reversible storage of tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy) borate [B(hfip)₄] anions in both Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) battery systems. Spectroscopic and computational studies reveal the redox reaction mechanism of the PTPAn cathode material. The Mg and Ca cells exhibit a cell voltage >3 V, a high-power density of ∼∼3000 W kg⁻¹ and a high-energy density of ∼∼300 Wh kg⁻¹, respectively. Moreover, the combination of the PTPAn cathode with a calcium-tin (Ca−Sn) alloy anode could enable a long battery-life of 3000 cycles with a capacity retention of 60 %. The anion storage chemistry associated with dual-ion electrochemical concept demonstrates a new feasible pathway towards high-performance divalent ion batteries.     

过滤净化用多孔金属材料的开发应用与进展

综述了过滤净化用多孔金属材料的最新开发应用进展与市场状况, 对我国目前过滤净化用多孔金属材料的研发应用及市场等各方面存在的现象进行了初步分析, 并对这一领域的发展前景进行了展望.     

Investigation of an Anion Exchange Resin for Cleanup of a Coolant Used to Machine Nuclear Materials

Abstract

This article describes the interaction of Dowex SBR-P, which is a strongly basic anion exchange resin, with ions found in a used machining coolant. The coolant is used in machining enriched uranium and contains uranium, chloride, nitrite, borate ions, water, and propylene glycol.     

Active‐Metal Template Synthesis of a Halogen‐Bonding Rotaxane for Anion Recognition

The synthesis of an all‐halogen‐bonding rotaxane for anion recognition is achieved by using active‐metal templation. A flexible bis‐iodotriazole‐containing macrocycle is exploited for the metal‐directed rotaxane synthesis. Endotopic binding of a Cu^I template facilitates an active‐metal CuAAC iodotriazole axle formation reaction that captures the interlocked rotaxane product. Following copper‐template removal, exotopic coordination of a more sterically demanding rhenium(I) complex induces an inversion in the conformation of the macrocycle component, directing the iodotriazole halogen‐bond donors into the rotaxane’s interlocked binding cavity to facilitate anion recognition.     

Test Method for the Determination of Mercury(II) with Dithizone on the Solid Phase of a Fibrous Anion Exchanger

The sorption and determination of mercury(II) on the solid phase of a fibrous polyacrylonitrile material filled with the AV-17 anion exchanger is studied. Mercury is adsorbed in the form of the chloride complex from a solution with pH 5–7.5; it is determined on the solid phase by the reaction with dithizone either visually or by the measuring the color hue. A procedure for the test determination of mercury(II) has been developed and tested in the analysis of fresh natural waters by the added–found method. The detection limit is 0.02 mg/L. The time of analysis of 5 or 6 samples is no more than 15–20 min.     

硝基苯催化加氢合成对氨基苯酚的绿色清洁工艺

对氨基苯酚是一种重要的化工原料及医药中间体。 由硝基苯合成对氨基苯酚具有明显的原料优势,并且具有流程短、能耗低等优点;但该方法通常以传统液体强酸为催化剂,存在设备腐蚀、需要用碱中和反应后的残余酸,产生大量盐固体废弃物等问题。 因此,开发硝基苯加氢合成对氨基苯酚的绿色工艺具有重要的意义,也是近年研究的热点。 现阶段的研究主要集中在开发可替代传统液体酸的催化剂,如固体酸、酸性离子液体、路易斯酸、二氧化碳-水以及固体酸负载金属纳米粒子双效催化剂等,并取得了较大的进展。 本文主要综述和评价如上绿色酸催化体系中硝基苯加氢合成对氨基苯酚的最新进展并对其未来发展进行了展望。     

莱克多巴胺免疫亲和柱的制备与应用研究

用多元酸酐与混合酸酐相结合的方法合成了莱克多巴胺(Rac)抗原,免疫动物获得特异性抗体,并以蛋白A柱纯化得到IgG抗体。琼脂糖凝胶(Sepharose 4B)经溴化氰(CNBr)活化后与IgG抗体偶联,制备莱克多巴胺免疫吸附剂。据此建立了尿液中莱克多巴胺的免疫亲和柱净化/液相色谱-荧光法(HPLC-FL)测定的分析方法。免疫制备特异抗体50%抑制浓度(IC50)为5μg/L。Sepharose 4B经CNBr活化后与2 mg抗体的偶联率达87.4%。1 mL吸附剂的柱容量为67.57 ng。尿液中莱克多巴胺的回收率为76%~90%。     

An Improved Method for Preparation and Purification of Safrole Oxide

Abstract

A superior method for the preparation of safrole oxide is described using m-chloroperbenzoic acid as the oxidant. Improvements in the purification process are outlined which give the desired oxirane in a high state of purity free of an unidentified pink contaminant obtained as a by-product.     

An Investigation of Filter Types,Extraction Solvents and Storage Conditions Used for PAH Measurement in Diesel Exhaust

Abstract

A device capable of collecting simultaneously eight equivalent particulate diesel exhaust samples was constructed to test the effect of filter type, extraction solvent and storage condition on the measured concentration of five PAH compounds (fluoranthene-Ft, pyrene-Py, benz(a)anthracene-BaA, benzo(k)fluoranthene-BkFT, and benzo(a)pyrene-BaP) in diesel exhaust. An experimental design was used to most efficiently test the variables. A linear model (GLM) was used to analyze the data.     

Preparation of Quaternary FeCoMoCu Metal Oxides for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Molybdenum doping is an effective way to improve the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) properties of catalysts, which can efficiently improve the electronic conductivity, mass transport process, and intrinsic activity of transition metal oxides or hydroxides, especially for those multi-component oxides with more abundant active sites. Herein, we have prepared a quaternary FeCoMoCu metal oxide on Cu foam(FeCoMoCuO_x@Cu) as an efficient OER catalyst. As expected, FeCoMoCuO_x@Cu could exhibit a low overpotential(252 mV at the current density of 10 mA/cm²) and exceptional stability(10000 cycles of CV scans or constant electrolysis for 48 h).     

Ways to Develop Low-Waste Technology for Purification of Wastewater Containing Heavy Metal Compounds

A scheme is proposed for purification of wastewater of galvanic and printed circuit board shops. The scheme using reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and electrolysis techniques involves recycling of purified water and recovered metals.