铁冲击相变的分子动力学研究

用分子动力学方法模拟了单晶铁(Fe)在一定初始温度下冲击相变(α相→ε相)的微观过程，结果显示温度会导致冲击相变压力阈值降低.基于此微观过程，对加卸载波系的传播规律进行了相应计算和分析，结果表明在卸载过程中逆相变波(ε相→α相)相对于波前以当地纵波声速传播，而相对波后以亚声速传播，这可由卸载压力-密度曲线给出相应解释；计算了不同初态的卸载压力-密度状态曲线，并给出了逆相变带的分布，其分布规律显示了卸载过程逆相变的滞后现象. 关键词： 分子动力学 多体势 冲击波 相变     

单晶ZnO、TiO_2纳米线拉伸力学特性的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学方法,模拟了不同加载速度、不同温度下单晶ZnO、TiO_2纳米线的拉伸破坏过程.通过模拟结果,对比、分析了两种单晶金属氧化物纳米线拉伸力学特性的差异.研究表明,1)ZnO纳米线的断裂机制为:表面微裂纹-微孔-微裂纹与微孔贯穿-断裂,而TiO_2纳米线的断裂机制为:局部屈服-颈缩-断裂;2)TiO_2纳米线的承载能力优于ZnO纳米线,而承受变形的能力劣于ZnO纳米线;3)温度较低的情况下,纳米线的抗拉性能较好;加载速度越高,纳米线的抗载性能越好,而抗变形能力越差.     

单晶钨纳米线拉伸变形机理的分子动力学研究

利用分子动力学方法, 对本课题组率先采用金属催化的气相合成法制备出的高纯度单晶钨纳米线进行拉伸变形数值模拟, 通过分析拉伸应力-应变全曲线及其微观变形结构, 揭示出单晶钨纳米线的拉伸变形特征及微观破坏机理. 结果表明: 单晶钨纳米线的应力-应变全曲线可分为弹性阶段、损伤阶段、相变阶段、强化阶段、 破坏阶段等五个阶段, 其中相变是单晶钨纳米线材料强化的重要原因; 首次应力突降是由于局部原子产生了位错、孪生等不可逆变化所致; 第二次应力突降是发生相变的材料得到强化后, 当局部原子再次产生位错导致原子晶格结构彻底破坏而形成裂口、且裂口不断发展成颈缩区时, 材料最终失去承载能力而断裂. 计算模拟得到的单晶钨纳米线弹性模量值与实测值符合较好. 关键词： 分子动力学 应力应变曲线 微观机理 单晶钨纳米线     

单晶铜在动态加载下空洞增长的分子动力学研究

冲击载荷下延性材料的损伤是材料中微空洞的产生和长大演化的结果.利用分子动力学模拟 方法对延性金属单晶铜中单个空洞在动态加载下的演化发展进行了研究，得到了空洞增长过 程中的应力分布及空洞增长演化随冲击强度变化的规律.模拟结果表明，动态加载下的前期 压缩过程对后期拉伸应力场作用下的空洞增长演化特征有不可忽视的影响，微空洞增长的阈 值则与单晶实验中层裂强度随拉伸应力作用时间减少而增加的趋势相一致. 关键词： 层裂 分子动力学 动态加载 空洞     

纳米单晶铜薄膜中孔洞拉伸变形的分子动力学模拟

固体的断裂过程贯通宏、细、微观多个层次尺度，涉及固体力学、材料科学与物理学等领域。细观破坏过程的4种基本构元(孔洞、微裂纹、界面失效、变形局部化等)的起源和演化描述必须在微(纳)观尺度才能完全阐明。从原子尺度运用分子动力学技术模拟纳米单晶铜薄膜中孔洞在拉伸作用下的力学行为和动态断裂过程。     

铜-铝扩散焊及拉伸的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟了铜-铝扩散焊过程，分析了理想平面铜-铝试件(001)晶面间扩散焊的过渡层厚度，并利用径向分布、键对分析方法分析了在不同的降温速率下过渡层的结构变化.降温速率大时，过渡层保持原有无序结构，降温速率小时，过渡层从无序结构向面心立方结构转变.还对扩散焊后的铜-铝试件进行了拉伸模拟，并与尺寸大小相近的单晶铜和单晶铝的拉伸模拟结果进行比较.结果发现焊接后的强度比单晶铝和单晶铜的强度都要小，最大应变值也小.     

纳米单晶铜中孔洞拉伸变形的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学方法模拟了拉伸状态下纳米单晶铜中孔洞的力学行为.通过与无孔纳米单晶铜块体弹性性能的比较,可知小孔使纳米单晶铜的弹性模量显著下降.弹性阶段,有孔单晶铜中无位错产生;超过其弹性极限后,位错线从四周向有孔单晶铜内部发射,位错滑移为其主要变形机制.     

使用AMR型背景网格的并行SPH方法

在分布式并行SPH方法中根据网格范围内粒子最大光滑长度调整网格尺度的AMR（Adaptive Mesh Refinement）背景网格,确保网格内粒子的相邻粒子位于同一个网格或者相邻的同尺寸网格范围内.与统一尺寸的背景网格相比,在光滑长度空间分布不均匀和随时间变化的情况下能够应用并减小搜索量,提高计算效率.数值结果表明,基于AMR型背景网格的并行SPH方法应用到粒子光滑长度变化很大的数值计算时能有效地降低搜索复杂度.     

α-Fe裂纹的分子动力学研究

通过分子动力学方法，模拟了α-Fe裂纹的单轴拉伸实验中的形变过程.研究了不同晶体取向裂纹的形变特点和断裂机理，观察到各种形变现象，如位错形核和发射，位错运动，堆垛层错或孪晶的形成，纳米空洞的形成与连接等.计算结果表明，裂纹扩展是塑性过程和弹性过程相结合的过程，其中塑性过程表现为由裂尖发射的位错导致的原子切变行为，而弹性过程的发生则是由无位错区中的原子断键所导致.同时还研究了α-Fe裂纹的形变特点和断裂机理与温度场和应力场的依赖关系.     

纳米铝杆拉伸过程的分子动力学模拟

应用嵌入原子势(EAM)和分子动力学方法对纳米单晶铝杆在外载荷作用下的原子滑移、位错等形变行为做了一些现象分析和研究.研究发现在势能曲线有明显抖动的地方对应的时间步刚好有滑移产生,说明滑移机制在纳米铝杆塑性变形过程中起着非常重要的作用.     

Stochastic Event-Driven Molecular Dynamics

A novel Stochastic Event-Driven Molecular Dynamics (SEDMD) algorithm is developed for the simulation of polymer chains suspended in a solvent. SEDMD combines event-driven molecular dynamics (EDMD) with the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The polymers are represented as chains of hard-spheres tethered by square wells and interact with the solvent particles with hard-core potentials. The algorithm uses EDMD for the simulation of the polymer chain and the interactions between the chain beads and the surrounding solvent particles. The interactions between the solvent particles themselves are not treated deterministically as in EDMD, rather, the momentum and energy exchange in the solvent is determined stochastically using DSMC. The coupling between the solvent and the solute is consistently represented at the particle level retaining hydrodynamic interactions and thermodynamic fluctuations. However, unlike full MD simulations of both the solvent and the solute, in SEDMD the spatial structure of the solvent is ignored. The SEDMD algorithm is described in detail and applied to the study of the dynamics of a polymer chain tethered to a hard-wall subjected to uniform shear. SEDMD closely reproduces results obtained using traditional EDMD simulations with two orders of magnitude greater efficiency. Results question the existence of periodic (cycling) motion of the polymer chain.     

A Gentle Stochastic Thermostat for Molecular Dynamics

We discuss a dynamical technique for sampling the canonical measure in molecular dynamics. We present a method that generalizes a recently proposed scheme (Samoletov et al., J. Stat. Phys. 128:1321–1336, 2007), and which controls temperature by use of a device similar to that of Nosé dynamics, but adds random noise to improve ergodicity. In contrast to Langevin dynamics, where noise is added directly to each physical degree of freedom, the new scheme relies on an indirect coupling to a single Brownian particle. For a model with harmonic potentials, we show under a mild non-resonance assumption that we can recover the canonical distribution. In spite of its stochastic nature, experiments suggest that it introduces a relatively weak perturbative effect on the physical dynamics, as measured by perturbation of temporal autocorrelation functions. The kinetic energy is well controlled even in the early stages of a simulation.     

正则系综的变电荷分子动力学方法

在迭代变电荷方法的基础上加以改进得到适于正则系综的变电荷方法.利用正则系综的热浴方法补偿模拟过程中动能的衰减.分子动力学模拟的结果表明,改进的变电荷方法能够避免能量漂移问题,在相同的电荷精度条件下,所需的迭代次数减少,可提高计算效率.     

CaF2熔化温度的分子动力学模拟

利用壳层模型分子动力学方法,研究了高温高压条件下CaF2的熔化温度,同时计算了温度为300K、压强上升到100GPa时CaF2 的状态方程.研究中考虑了分子动力学模拟的过热熔化,通过晶体的现代熔化理论,对CaF2 的分子动力学模拟熔化温度进行了修正, 获得了高温高压下CaF2的熔化温度.因此,常压下壳层模型分子动力学方法为研究物质熔化提供了一个很好的方法.     

Tunneling Dynamics of Two-Species Molecular Bose-Einstein Condensates

We study tunneling dynamics of atomic group in two-species molecular Bose-Einstein condensates. It is shown that the tunneling of the atom group depends on not only the tunneling coupling constant between the atomic pair molecular condensate and the three-atomic group molecular condensate, but also the inter-molecular nonlinear interactions and the initial number of atoms in these condensates. It is discovered that besides oscillating tunneling current between the atomic pair molecular condensate and the three-atomic group molecular condensate, the nonlinear atomic group tunneling dynamics sustains a self-maintained population imbalance: a macroscopic quantum self-trapping effect.     

Tunneling Dynamics Between Atomic and Molecular Bose-Einstein Condensates

Tunneling dynamics of multi-atomic molecules between atomic and multi-atomic molecular Bose-Einstein condensates with Feshbach resonance is investigated.It is indicated that the tunneling in the two Bose-Einstein condensates depends on not only the inter-atomic-molecular nonlinear interactions and the initial number of atoms in these condensates,but also the tunneling coupling between the atomic condensate and the multi-atomic molecular condensate.It is discovered that besides oscillating tunneling current between the atomic condensate and the multi-atomic molecular condensate,the nonlinear multi-atomic molecular tunneling dynamics sustains a self-locked population imbalance:a macroscopic quantum self-trapping effect.The influence of de-coherence caused by non-condensate atoms on the tunneling dynamics is studied.It is shown that de-coherence suppresses the multi-atomic molecular tunneling.Moreover,the conception of the molecular Bose-Einstein condensate,which is different from the conventional single-atomic Bose-Einstein condensate,is specially emphasized in this paper.     

Multiscale particle dynamics in nanoimprint process

A multiscale particle method for coupling continuum and molecular models is described. In this method, the continuum model was assumed to be a lattice form and can be applied in non-characteristic areas or far-away regions from the large deformations to save computational time. Defining a series of critical energies for different lattice sizes is convenient for lattice refinement. In the thermal equilibrium case, the efficiency is around six times higher than that of a classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation; in addition, great numerical precision is achieved. To test the connection at the molecular/continuum interface, a large-deformation case was studied in a nanoimprinting process. The results were compared with the MD simulation and it was found that the deviation could be reduced through a moderate adjustment of the critical energy in the lattices. This is good evidence that this method is a seamless treatment technology. PACS 02.70.Ns; 81.07.Lk; 81.16.Rf; 81.16.Nd; 62.25.-g     

氩蒸汽异质核化的分子动力学模拟研究

建立了一个分子动力学研究蒸汽异质核化的模型,对氩蒸汽异质核化进行MD模拟研究。氩蒸气的初始温度为300 K,冷却终温为80 K,冷却速率为0.0002 m/s。异质核化成核现象表明核化均以固体颗粒为核化中心,核化温度高于均质核化。同时统计了不同氩蒸汽粒子数异质核化的核化团簇的密度、法向压力、切向压力分布,计算团簇的表面...     

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Thermal Decomposition of Hydrogen

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - The molecular dynamics method was used for simulation of thermal decomposition of hydrogen molecules. As a test substances, we used liquid hydrogen. Interaction between...     

基于TorchMD的粗粒化分子动力模拟研究

粗粒化模型通过简化原子性质以及原子间的相互作用实现生物大分子长时间尺度的分子动力学模拟. 深度学习通过模拟人类的认知过程实现海量数据的准确分类和回归过程. 本论文将这两种技术进行融合,利用基于深度学习的粗粒化分子动力学模拟技术研究分子在不同状态之间的变化过程,并提出基于TorchMD的分子动力学模拟的分析框架. 在本工作中,MFDP聚类算法被用于在三维的CV变量空间中进行聚类,并确定分子的若干主要状态,在完成聚类的同时,给出各类中的代表分子构象,并给出类之间的分子构象. 这为后续利用String算法分析分子在不同状态间的转换路径打下基础. 通过String算法,迭代搜索得到分子在不同状态之间的变化路径以及对应的势能变化曲线. 通过与已有文献的结果进行对比,验证了基于TorchMD的粗粒化分子动力学模拟的理论框架可以在相对较短的时间尺度里研究分子的变化过程.